ETHNIC VIOLENCE

By: Caitlin Fahey and Christina Reszel

Definition

Ethnic violence (also known as ethnic terrorism or ethnically-motivated terrorism) refers to violence that is predominantly framed rhetorically by causes and issues related to ethnic hatred, though ethnic violence is more commonly related to political violence

Rwanda Conflict

Tutsi (minority), who had controlled power for centuries

against Hutu (majority) who had come to power in the rebellion of 1959–62 and overthrown the Tutsi monarchy.

Tutsi group called RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) tried to overthrow the Hutu gov.

Hutus set out to systematically kill all Tutsi they could find, any age or sex also killing any moderate Hutus

UN created a safe zone for Hutus in southwest millions of moderate Hutus went to Zaire

Rwanda Cont.

1994 mass murder 800,000-1.1million about 20% of the population killed still struggles but operating as a democracy. 2 million Hutus that helped fled thinking Tutsi

would come back for them RPF won and created coalition gov. so all sides

are part of the gov.

Cambodia

 

1975-1979Prince Sihanouk got communists to form the khmer Rouge (1960)Lon Nol overthrew prince Sihanouk (1970)?1975 Lon Nol was beaten by Khmer Rouge(pol pot= leader replacing Sihanouk)156,000 deadPol Pot tried to make country communistPeople thrown out to have land for collective farms

Cambodia Cont.

People refusing to leave were killed Minorities (Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, and

any Cambodians with thoughs ancestors) were killed

1978 Vietnam overthrew the Khmer rouge By 1989 Cambodia was back to self-

charge Prince Sihanouk was re-elected to lead

new government

Bosnia

Yugoslavia was a country with many different areas.

Bosnia Was one area within Yugoslavia. 1980 Yugoslavian president Tito died. He had

been communist. Different part of Yugo wanted to be independent. Serbia became powerful; leader was Slobodan

Milosevic. Croatia and Slovenia did become independent. Milosevic wanted Bosnia to stay a part of Serbia,

so did the Serbians living in Bosnia.

Bosnia Cont.

1995 he started fighting in a section of Bosnia called Srebrenica ; “ethnic cleansing” ( a nicer word for genocide).

U.N. tried to help, sent Dutch soldiers who set up a compound. Serbians started attacking, 6,000 Bosnians came inside; 20,000 more waiting outside

7,500 men and boys over 13 years old were killed. Late 1995 peace negotiations happened; separate

countries named. The Serbian project in Bosnia had brought about a

huge internal displacement of the population from which the people have not yet recovered

Sudan

1962 - Civil war begins in the south- cause’s unrest for MANY years

Omar Hassan al-Bashir came to power in 1989 - overthrew the Gov.

Introduced the Islamic Sharia law 2004 January - rebel uprising in western region of Darfur pro-government Arab Janjaweed militias are carrying out

the killing of non-Arab villagers in Darfur. – Genocide 2005 January - Government and southern rebels sign a peace

deal 2006- Fighting continued 2011 July - South Sudan gains independence. 2012 April - Sudanese warplanes raid the Bentiu area in South

Sudan.

Sudan Cont.

The state/ Gov. controls the media – one sided propaganda

 Many refugees have fled to Chad and are living in refugee camps

Omar Hassan al-Bashir - two international arrest warrants - issued by the International Criminal Court in The Hague - on charges of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity

Palestine

Zionist(for the reestablishment and the development and protection of a Jewish nation) are ethnically cleansing against Arabs

1947 – Opinion that Arabs should be transferred out of Palestine

Wanted to establish a Jewish state Palestinian Arab model of incessant

terrorism for almost one hundred years

Palestine Cont.

Civil War -->pervasive anti-Jewish, destruction of Jewish property, sporadic outbreaks of violence, and massacres were ongoing events

Propaganda for ethnic cleansing: in many books estimated 6.4 million Palestinian refugees living

in dirty refugee camps- Lebanon, Jordan, Arab countries

1948 Israeli War of Independence when 800,000 Arabs either fled for their safety or were forced out of their homes by Israeli forces

Kenya

Started in 2007 after a presidential election episodes of violence - the burning of a church

with women and children inside occurred in mostly Kalenjin and Isiolo areas . trying to balkanize (divide a territory into small,

hostile states) the country along ethnic lines The death toll stood at more than 1,000, with

much of the fighting, like the voting, along ethnic lines.

Kenya Cont.

one of the most corrupt, deeply entrenched political systems on the continent.

1,100 people are believed to have been killed in organized attacks and more than 300,000 were driven from their homes or fled in the violence

Four important Kenyans two of them presidential candidates, were ordered to stand trial at the International Criminal Court in The Hague on charges of crimes against humanity

Summary

Refugees can be forced to leave Feel the need to escape for safety "Internally Displaced Persons" who are

not officially refugees because they have not left their own country

No place to go

Works Cited

"M.EP. - Expulsions and Population Transfers to Solve Ethnic Conflict." M.EP. - Expulsions and Population Transfers to Solve Ethnic Conflict. Web. 13 May 2012. <http://www.middleeastpiece.com/expulsion_tool.html>.

"Refugees." About.com Geography. Web. 13 May 2012. <http://geography.about.com/od/globalproblemsandissues/a/refugees.htm>.

"Sudan Profile." BBC News. BBC, 05 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 May 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14094995>.