Ethnic diversity in the population census: A global analysis
21
©NIDEA 1 Tahu Kukutai 11 April 2012 University of Waikato Ethnic diversity in the population census: A global analysis Victor Thompson Rider University
description
Tahu Kukutai . 11 April 2012. University of Waikato. Ethnic diversity in the population census: A global analysis. Victor Thompson. Rider University. Outline. Theories of ethnic counting Background on Ethnicity Counts? project Data analysis if countries count by ethnicity - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Ethnic diversity in the population census: A global analysis
©NIDEA 1
Tahu Kukutai
11 April 2012
University of Waikato
Ethnic diversity in the population census: A global analysis
Victor ThompsonRider University
©NIDEA 2
• Theories of ethnic counting• Background on Ethnicity Counts? project• Data analysis
if countries count by ethnicityhow ethnicity operationalisedchange over time
Concluding thoughts
Outline
©NIDEA 3
• Ethnic counting a political exercise• Imposed from top down• Different policy uses (e.g., monitor
discrimination)• Highlights the local and specific• Champions case study approach
Theories of ethnic counting
©NIDEA 4
Purpose:
• Describe key patterns of ethnic enumeration over time and place
• Identify conditions associated with different strategies
• Comparative theory of ethnic counting
Ethnicity Counts? project
©NIDEA 5
Data collected to date1990 round 2000 round 2010 round
Total # countries 238
# countries with census 197 195 169
# coded 131 169 108
% coded 66.5 86.7 63.9
©NIDEA 6
Ethnic identity vs Civic identity• ethnicity• ethnic nationality• race & colour• ancestry/descent/origin• indigenous group &
tribe• cultural group• language & mother
tongue
• citizenship• civic nationality• migration status• place of birth• parental place of birth
©NIDEA 7
Ethnic nationality: Estonia
©NIDEA 8
Ethnic nationality: Nauru
©NIDEA 9
Civic nationality: Switzerland
©NIDEA 10
Per cent
1990 2000 2010
Ethnic counting 73.3 78.7 86.1
Top 5 terms
Language 36.6 42.0 47.2
Ethnicity 22.9 34.3 37.0
Mother tongue 19.9 23.7 25.9
Ethnic nationality 6.9 20.1 29.6
Race 9.2 9.5 11.1
Ethnic identity
©NIDEA 11
1990 2000 2010Region Per cent Africa 68.6 70.1 76.0
Asia 73.1 77.1 79.2
Europe 58.3 72.9 85.7
Oceania 92.9 90.0 89.5
N. America 86.9 87.1 94.1
S. America 66.7 88.9 100.0
Ethnic counting by region
©NIDEA 12
• Race = Americas• Ethnic nationality = Europe• Ethnic origins = Oceania & N America• Ethnicity = spread• Mother tongue = Europea• Indigenous status = S America
Regional variation in terminology
©NIDEA 13
Per cent1990 2000 2010
Civic counting 94.7 95.9 94.4
Top 4 terms
Place of birth 86.3 89.9 88.9
Citizenship 22.9 39.6 39.8
Nationality (civic) 44.9 38.0 36.6
Parental birth place 3.8 4.7 14.8
Civic identity
©NIDEA 14
Ethnic and civic identity
Per cent
1990 2000 2010
Ethnic only 2.3 3.0 5.6
Civic only 23.7 20.1 13.9
Ethnic & Civic 71.0 75.7 80.6
None 3.1 1.2 0.0
©NIDEA 15
State recognition of:
• Hybridity• Subjectivity• “Ethnification” of national identity• Multiple dimensions
Other dimensions of ethnic diversity
©NIDEA 16
Hybridity: Tokelau
©NIDEA 17
Subjectivity: St Lucia
©NIDEA 18
Multiple dimensions: New Zealand
©NIDEA 19
Ethnification of national identity: Canada
©NIDEA 20
• Possibilities beyond indirect markers (e.g., country of birth)
• Look beyond the 1st generation• Harmonization across countries challenging• Weakening of nation-based notions of identity
and ascendance of ethnic/cultural identities
Relevance for immigration + diversity
©NIDEA 21
