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Table of Contents

ETHICS AND HUMAN INTERFACE ................................................................................................................ 5

Definitions of Ethics ................................................................................................................................................... 5

Divisions of Ethics ...................................................................................................................................................... 6

Human Actions ............................................................................................................................................................ 6

Impediments to Human Action ................................................................................................................................ 8

THE MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTION ..................................................................................................... 11

Definition of Morality .............................................................................................................................................. 11

The Purpose of Human Action ............................................................................................................................... 11

The Difference Between Moral Good And Moral Evil .............................................................................. 12

The Essence of Morality ........................................................................................................................................... 13

Utilitarianism............................................................................................................................................................... 13

Intuitionism ................................................................................................................................................................. 13

Rationalism.................................................................................................................................................................. 14

Scholasticism ............................................................................................................................................................... 14

Determinants of Morality ....................................................................................................................................... 14

Object of a Human Action ....................................................................................................................................... 15

Circumstances of a Human Action ......................................................................................................................... 15

The End or Purpose of a Human Action .............................................................................................................. 16

The Consequences of Moral Actions ..................................................................................................................... 16

Acts of Double Effect ............................................................................................................................................... 16

HUMAN VALUES ................................................................................................................................................... 17

Lessons for Administrators ...................................................................................................................................... 17

Your capacity to GROW determines your capacity to lead- Great Men in History ....................................... 21

Why A Leader Wants To Lead ................................................................................................................................ 22

Leadership Can Be Learned ..................................................................................................................................... 23

Leadership in India .................................................................................................................................................... 24

Case of Mahatma Gandhi ......................................................................................................................................... 25

Case of Nelson Mandela ........................................................................................................................................... 29

Common Traits of Great Men in History .............................................................................................................. 30

ROLE OF FAMILY, SOCIETY AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN INCULCATING

VALUES ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 31

Education .................................................................................................................................................................... 32

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Aims in Education ..................................................................................................................................................... 33

Values ........................................................................................................................................................................... 34

Classification of Values ............................................................................................................................................. 35

Philosophies Support Values ................................................................................................................................... 35

Need of Human Values in the Society ................................................................................................................... 35

Development of Values through Education ......................................................................................................... 36

Causes of the Values Crisis in Modern Society ..................................................................................................... 37

Role of School in Value Orientation ...................................................................................................................... 38

The Importance of School Atmosphere ................................................................................................................ 38

Imbibing Values through Curricular Activities ..................................................................................................... 39

Imbibing Values through Co-curricular Values .................................................................................................... 39

Role of Teachers in Inculcating Values .................................................................................................................. 40

Importance of Moral Situation ................................................................................................................................ 41

Role of the Parents On Developing Values .......................................................................................................... 42

ATTITUDE: CONTENT, STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS ............................................................................... 43

The Classic three-component view ......................................................................................................................... 44

Cognitive, Affective, And Behavioural processes of Attitude Formation ........................................................ 45

Cognitive routes ......................................................................................................................................................... 46

Affective routes .......................................................................................................................................................... 46

Behavioural routes ..................................................................................................................................................... 47

Qualities of attitudes .................................................................................................................................................. 48

Attitude accessibility .................................................................................................................................................. 48

Ambivalence ............................................................................................................................................................... 49

Evaluative-cognitive consistency ............................................................................................................................. 50

Attitude function; then and now ............................................................................................................................. 50

Theoretical perspectives ............................................................................................................................................ 51

Empirical progress ..................................................................................................................................................... 51

The object-appraisal function .................................................................................................................................. 53

Visual attention........................................................................................................................................................... 54

Categorization ............................................................................................................................................................. 54

Decision making ......................................................................................................................................................... 55

Freeing resources for coping with other stressors ................................................................................................ 55

Costs of accessible attitudes ..................................................................................................................................... 56

The attitude-behaviour relation ............................................................................................................................... 57

The MODE model .................................................................................................................................................... 59

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 63

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SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND PERSUASION ................................................................................................... 63

Motives for Agreeing With Others ......................................................................................................................... 63

Public versus Private Influence................................................................................................................................ 64

Motives in Persuasion Research .............................................................................................................................. 66

Cognitive Dissonance Theory .................................................................................................................................. 67

Multiple Attitudes ...................................................................................................................................................... 69

Influence and Multiple Attitudes ............................................................................................................................. 70

Dual-Mode Processing Models of Persuasion ...................................................................................................... 71

Cognitive Response Mediation of Attitude Change ............................................................................................. 72

Dual-Mode Processing Models and Social Influence........................................................................................... 72

Motivated Processing and Bias Correction ............................................................................................................ 73

Affect and Influence .................................................................................................................................................. 74

Group and Self-Identity ............................................................................................................................................ 75

Social Consensus and Validity of Information ...................................................................................................... 76

Multiple Motives Instigated by Groups.................................................................................................................. 77

Opinion Minority and Majority Groups................................................................................................................. 77

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 78

APTITUDE AND FOUNDATIONAL VALUES FOR CIVIL SERVICE ................................................. 79

Ethics in Administration ........................................................................................................................................... 79

Integrity ....................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Corruption................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Is probity in public life a middle class virtue? ....................................................................................................... 85

"National character is the keystone on which rests the fate and future of our public affairs, not this or that

'ism'." ............................................................................................................................................................................ 87

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE-CONCEPTS ............................................................................................... 92

Historical Roots of the Topic .................................................................................................................................. 92

Contemporary Interest in the Topic ....................................................................................................................... 93

The Value of Emotional Intelligence at Work ...................................................................................................... 95

The Assessment of Emotional Intelligence and Competence ............................................................................ 96

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 97

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND CIVIL SERVICES IN INDIA..................................................... 97

Relationships are the DNA of Governance .......................................................................................................... 98

Social Capital............................................................................................................................................................... 98

The Intelligence of Emotions .................................................................................................................................. 99

Do Public Administrators Have a Right to Lead? .............................................................................................. 101

Leadership is a Relationship Not a Position in a Hierarchy ............................................................................. 102

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Followers Can Be Leaders and Leaders Can Be Followers............................................................................... 103

“360-degree” Leadership ........................................................................................................................................ 103

Max Weber and Beyond ......................................................................................................................................... 104

Souls on Ice ............................................................................................................................................................... 105

A Cure for Occupational Psychosis ...................................................................................................................... 106

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MORAL THINKERS AND PHILOSOPHERS FROM INDIA AND

WORLD .................................................................................................................................................................... 107

Indian Philosophy .................................................................................................................................................... 107

The Cosmic Order ................................................................................................................................................... 108

Islam Ethics .............................................................................................................................................................. 109

Buddhist Ethics ........................................................................................................................................................ 110

Jain Ethics ................................................................................................................................................................. 111

Sikh Ethics ................................................................................................................................................................ 111

The Bhakti Movement ............................................................................................................................................ 111

Western Philosophy and Ethics ............................................................................................................................. 112

PUBLIC/CIVIL SERVICE VALUES AND ETHICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION .................... 117

The Mahatma’s vision of a strong and prosperous India - Purna Swaraj - can never become a reality if we

do not address the issue of the stranglehold of corruption on our polity, economy and society in general.

Discuss ....................................................................................................................................................................... 117

Ethics and Politics ................................................................................................................................................... 119

Criminalization of politics ...................................................................................................................................... 123

Recent Electoral Reforms ....................................................................................................................................... 124

Issues in Political Reforms ..................................................................................................................................... 125

Coalition and Ethics ................................................................................................................................................ 128

Appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner/Commissioners ............................................................. 128

Expediting Disposal of Election Petitions ........................................................................................................... 129

Grounds of Disqualification for Membership .................................................................................................... 129

Ethics in Public Life ................................................................................................................................................ 130

International Approach ........................................................................................................................................... 132

Code of Ethics for Civil Servants .......................................................................................................................... 132

Constitutional Protection to Civil Servants — Article 311 ............................................................................... 134

Arguments in favour of retaining Article 311 ..................................................................................................... 135

Arguments in favour of repealing Article 311 ..................................................................................................... 136

ETHICS IN GOVERNANCE — MOVING FROM RHETORIC TO RESULTS ................................. 141

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