Ethics File Paper 5 (3) Lesson

8/11/2019 Ethics File Paper 5 (3) Lesson

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Paper 5(3), lesson 7 Anti-corruptionmachinery

Syllabus: Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption, Citizens Charters, Quality of service

delivery

Questions

1. What does Lokpal mean?2. Why are Lokpal bills introduced many times but never passed?3. When was the last Lokpal bill introduced? What is the present status of that bill?4. How is an Lokpal di!erent from Lokpal bill recently introduced alon" the dimensions "iven

below?

#$ in o%ce& 'ud"es& o%cials below (roup )

)utonomy of *+,

,nclusion of citi-ens charters& protection of whistle blowers

#owers of Lokayukta

. When and where was /rst Lokayukta set up?0. How a!ective are Lokayuktas in preventin" corruption at the state level?. What is meant by citi-ens charter? How is it supposed to make administration accountable? ,s

the bill passed?. What do you know about the proposed le"islation on protection of whistle blowers? ,s the bill

passed?. How can principles of federalism block a!ective le"islation to check corruption? )ny way out?1. When was *+, set up?11. How is 'udiciary involved in the workin" of *+,?12. 5hould *+, have autonomy? ,s that an important issue?13. When was *6* created? Why did it fail to emer"e as powerful body a"ainst corruption?

Lokpal

A Lokpalis a proposed ombudsman(Legal Representative) in India. The word is derived from theSanskritword "lok" (people)and "pala" (protetor!aretaker) or "aretaker of people."

The word #lokpal# was oined b$ %r L.&.Singhvi in '*. The onept of a onstitutional ombudsman was first proposed in

parliament b$ Law &inisterAshoke +umar Senin the earl$ ',s. The first-an Lokpal illwas proposed b$ Shanti hushanin

'/ and passed in the 0th Lok Sabhain ' but did not pass through theRa1$a Sabha. Subse2uentl$ #lokpal bills# were

introdued in '3' '33 '/4 again b$ Ashoke +umar Sen while serving as Law &inister in theRa1iv 5andhiabinet and

again in '/ ' '/ 6,,' 6,,4 and in 6,,/ $et the$ were never passed.7'89ift$ two $ears after its first introdution the

Lokpal ill is still not enated in India.

The Lokpal ill provides for the filing with the ombudsman of omplaints of orruption against the prime minister

other ministers and &:s. The Administrative Reforms ;ommission(AR;) reommended the enating of the owever while it was pending in theRa1$a Sabhathe Lok Sabha was dissolved and thus the bill was not passed.

The bill was revived several times in subse2uent $ears inluding in 6,''. ?ah time after the bill was introdued to the >ouse

it was referred to a ommittee for improvements to a 1oint ommittee of parliament or to a departmental standing ommittee of

the >ome &inistr$. efore the government ould take a final stand on the issue the house was dissolved again. Several

onspiuous flaws were found in the 6,,/ draft of the Lokpal ill. The basi idea of a lokpal is borrowed from the


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Anna >a=arefought to get this bill passed and it did pass on %e 63 6,'' around @*, with some modifiations. These were

proposed as the -an Lokpal ill.>owever >a=are and his team as well as other politial parties laimed that the Lokpal ill

passed was weak and would not serve its intended purpose. So the proposed bill b$ the ruling ;ongress :art$ has $et to be

aepted in the Ra1$a Sabha. As of %e 6 6,'' the bill has been deferred to the net parliamentar$ session amid muh

ontrovers$ and disruption b$ the L-: R-% and S: parties. The media at large and the opposition parties laimed the situation

had been staged.768

10 differences between Jan Lokpal Bill and Govt BillBy: MR Madhavan, PRS Legislative Research

The streets are witnessing a demand that the government's Lok Pal Bill be replaced by the Jan Lok Pal Bill (JLP) asdrafted by the team led by Anna a!are" There are several significant differences between the two bills" #n this note$we describe the some of these differences"

%irst$ there is a divergence on the &risdiction of the Lok Pal" Both bills inclde ministers$ Ps for any action otsideParliament$ and rop A officers (and e*ivalent) of the government" The government Bill incldes the Primeinister after he demits office whereas the JLP incldes a sitting Prime inister" The JLP incldes any act of an Pin respect of a speech or vote in Parliament (which is now protected by Article +,- of the .onstittion)" The JLPincldes &dges/ the government Bill e0cldes them" The JLP incldes all government officials$ while the governmentBill does not inclde &nior (below rop A) officials" The government Bill also incldes officers of 12s who receivegovernment fnds or any fnds from the pblic/ JLP does not cover 12s"

3econd$ the two Bills differ on the composition" The government Bill has a chairperson and p to 4 members/ at leasthalf the members mst have a &dicial backgrond" The JLP has a chairperson and +, members$ of which 5 have a&dicial backgrond"

Third$ the process of selecting the Lok Pal members is different" The JLP has a two stage process" A search

committee will shortlist potential candidates" The search committee will have +, members/ five of these wold haveretired as .hief Jstice of #ndia$ .hief 6lection .ommissioner or .omptroller and Aditor eneral/ they will select theother five from civil society" The Lok Pal chairperson and members will be selected from this shortlist by a selectioncommittee" The selection committee consists of the Prime inister$ the Leader of 2pposition in Lok 3abha$ two3preme .ort &dges$ two high cort chief &stices$ the .hief 6lection .ommissioner$ the .omptroller and Aditoreneral and all previos Lok Pal chairpersons"

The government Bill has a simpler process" The selection will be made by a committee consisting of the Primeinister$ the leaders of 2pposition in both oses of Parliament$ a 3preme .ort &dge$ a high cort chief &stice$an eminent &rist and an eminent person in pblic life" The selection committee may$ at its discretion$ appoint asearch committee to shortlist candidates"

%orth$ there are some differences in the *alifications of a member of the Lok Pal" The JLP re*ires a &dicialmember to have held &dicial office for +, years or been a high cort or 3preme .ort advocate for +- years" Thegovernment Bill re*ires the &dicial member to be a 3preme .ort &dge or a high cort chief &stice" %or othermembers$ the government Bill re*ires at least 7- years e0perience in anti8corrption policy$ pblic administration$vigilance or finance" The JLP has a lower age limit of 5- years$ and dis*alifies anyone who has been in governmentservice in the previos two years"

%ifth$ the process for removal of Lok Pal members is different" The government Bill permits the president to make areference to the 3preme .ort for an in*iry$ followed by removal if the member is fond to be biased or corrpt"The reference may be made by the president (a) on his own$ (a) on a petition signed by +,, Ps or (c) on a petitionby a citi!en if the President is then satisfied that it shold be referred" The President may also remove any memberfor insolvency$ infirmity of mind or body$ or engaging in paid employment"

The JLP has a different process" The process starts with a complaint by any person to the 3preme .ort" #f thecort finds misbehavior$ infirmity of mind or body$ insolvency or paid employment$ it may recommend his removal to

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Lokpal_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Lokpal_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokpal&printable=yes#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokpal&printable=yes#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Lokpal_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokpal&printable=yes#cite_note-2


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the President"

3i0th$ the offences covered by the bills vary" The government Bill deals only with offences nder the Prevention of

.orrption Act" The JLP$ in addition$ incldes offences by pblic servants nder the #ndian Penal .ode$ victimi!ationof whistleblowers and repeated violation of citi!en's charter"

3eventh$ the government Bill provides for an investigation wing nder the Lok Pal" The JLP states that the .B# will bender the Lok Pal while investigating corrption cases"

6ighth$ the government Bill provides for a prosection wing of the Lok Pal" #n the JLP$ the .B#'s prosection wing willcondct this fnction"

1inth$ the process for prosection is different" #n the government Bill$ the Lok Pal may initiate prosection in a specialcort" A copy of the report is to be sent to the competent athority" 1o prior sanction is re*ired" #n the JLP$prosection of the Prime inister$ ministers$ Ps and &dges of 3preme .ort and high corts may be initiated onlywith the permission of a 98&dge bench of the Lok Pal"

Tenth$ the JLP deals with grievance redressal of citi!ens$ in addition to the process for prosecting corrption cases"#t re*ires every pblic athority to pblish citi!en's charters listing its commitments to citi!ens" The government Billdoes not deal with grievance redressal"

iven the widespread media coverage and pblic discssions$ it is important that citi!ens nderstand the differencesand nances" This may be a good opportnity to enact a law which incldes the better provisions of each of thesetwo bills"

Lokayukta

The Lokayukta(also Lok Ayukta) is an antiBorruptionombudsmanorgani=ation in the Indian states.7'8768

The Administrative Reforms Commission(AR;) headed b$&orar1i %esaisubmitted a speial interim report on ":roblems of

Redressal of ;iti=en#s 5rievanes# in '. In this report the AR; reommended the setting up of two speial authorities

designated as #Lokpal#and #Loka$ukta# for the redressal of iti=ens# grievanes.

The LokA$ukta along with the Inome Ta %epartment and the Anti ;orruption ureau mainl$ helps people bring orruption

amongst the politiians and offiers in the government servie to publi attention.7*8&an$ ats of the LokA$ukta have not

resulted in riminal or other onse2uenes for those harged.

&aharashtrawas the first stateto introdue the institution of Loka$ukta through The Maharashtra Lokayukta and Upa-

Lokayuktas Act in 1971.74878This was followed b$ similar ats being enated b$ states ofRa1asthan iharCttar

:radesh +arnataka &adh$a :radesh Andhra :radesh 5u1aratand%elhi.78

&aharashtra Loka$uktais onsidered as weak due to lak of powers ade2uate staff funds and no independent investigating

agen$.738+arnataka Loka$uktais onsidered as the most powerful Loka$ukta in the ountr$.78

Constitutional Amendment or !"ecti#eness

An amendment to the ;onstitutionhas been proposed to implement the Loka$ukta uniforml$ aross Indian States. The proposedhanges will make the institution of Loka$ukta uniform aross the ountr$ as a threeBmember bod$ headed b$ a retired Supreme

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_corruptionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_corruptionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_corruptionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Reforms_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desaihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desaihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desaihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokpalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokpalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokpalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-The_Maharashtra_Lokayukta_and_Upa-Lokayuktas_Act.2C_1971-5https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-The_Maharashtra_Lokayukta_and_Upa-Lokayuktas_Act.2C_1971-5https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-Lokayukta_a_.27paper_tiger.27_in_Anna.27s_home_state-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnatakahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-Lokayukta_a_.27paper_tiger.27_in_Anna.27s_home_state-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra_Lokayuktahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra_Lokayuktahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-Let.27s_look_at_Lokayukta_for_a_change.21-7https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-Let.27s_look_at_Lokayukta_for_a_change.21-7https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karnataka_Lokayukta&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karnataka_Lokayukta&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-Lokayukta_a_.27paper_tiger.27_in_Anna.27s_home_state-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_corruptionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Reforms_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desaihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokpalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-The_Maharashtra_Lokayukta_and_Upa-Lokayuktas_Act.2C_1971-5https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-Lokayukta_a_.27paper_tiger.27_in_Anna.27s_home_state-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnatakahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-Lokayukta_a_.27paper_tiger.27_in_Anna.27s_home_state-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra_Lokayuktahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-Let.27s_look_at_Lokayukta_for_a_change.21-7https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karnataka_Lokayukta&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokayukta&printable=yes#cite_note-Lokayukta_a_.27paper_tiger.27_in_Anna.27s_home_state-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_India


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;ourt 1udge or high ourt hief 1ustie and omprising the state vigilane ommissioner and a 1urist or an eminent administrator

as other members.7/8

There are no Loka$uktas inArunahal :radesh-ammu and +ashmir &anipur&eghala$a &i=oramDagaland Sikkim Tamil

Dadu Tripuraand Eest engal.The latest Loka$ukta was established in 5oa. 78

$eorms

In Dovember 6,'6 after onlusion of the ''thAll India Lokayukta Conference as man$ as ' Loka$uktas sent man$

reommendations to the5ovt of India.The reommendations were@

$ake Lokayukta the nodal a"ency for receivin" all corruption complaints. )ccord Lokayukta 'urisdiction over 5tate7levelprobe a"encies.

+rin" bureaucrats under the ambit of the Lokayuktas

)ccord powers of search and sei-ure and powers to initiate contemptproceedin"s.

#rovide Lokayukta administrative and /nancial autonomy

+rin" 8on7(overnmental 9r"anisations:8(9; funded by the "overnment under Lokayukta


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Legal Advisor when this department was later transferred to the >ome %epartment under the %elhi Speial :olie ?stablishment

At that was brought into fore in '0.

The sope of S:? was enlarged to over all departments of the 5ovt. of India.The 1urisdition of the S:? etended to all the

Cnion Territories and ould also be etended to the States with the onsent of the State 5overnment onerned.Sardar :atel the

first %eput$ :rime &inister of free India and in harge of the >ome %epartment took speial interest in weeding out orruption

from the erstwhile prinel$ states like -odhpur Rewa Tonk et. Sardar :atel direted the Legal Advisor+aram ;hand -ainto

monitor the riminal proeedings against the %ewans! ;hief &inisters of these states.

The %S:? a2uired its popular urrent name through a >ome &inistr$ resolution dated '.0.'*. In due ourse with the setting

up of a large number of publi setor undertakings the emplo$ees of these undertakings were also brought under ;I purview.

Similarl$ with the nationalisation of the banks in ' the :ubli Setor anks and their emplo$ees also ame within the ambit

of the ;I.

C%& takes shape

As the ;I established a reputation of being India#s premier investigative agen$ with ade2uate resoures to deal with

ompliated ases demands were made on it to take up investigation of ases of more onventional rime suh as murder

kidnapping terrorism et. Apart from this the Supreme ;ourt and even the various >igh ;ourts of the ountr$ also started

entrusting suh ases for investigation to the ;I on petitions filed b$ aggrieved parties. Taking into aount the fat that several

ases falling under this ategor$ were being taken up for investigation b$ the ;I it was therefore deided in '/3 to onstitute

two investigation divisions in the ;I namel$ AntiB;orruption %ivision and Speial ;rimes %ivision the latter dealing with

ases of onventional rime besides eonomi offenes.

+r'anisational and rank structure

The ;I is headed b$ a main diretor an I:Sead ;onstable Senior

;onstableand;onstable.

The ;I is dependent upon five different ministries of the 5overnment of India for its funtioning@ 708B

1. the$inistry of Home )!airsfor cadre clearance2. theo#@for administration to whom it reports for day7to7day workin"& allocation of funds and

induction of o%cers

3. theAnion #ublic 5ervice *ommissionfor o%cers above the rank of eputy 5#

4. theLaw and ustice $inistryfor appointin" and payin" salaries to the public prosecutors

. the*entral 6i"ilance *ommissionfor all anti7corruption cases

election committee

As per ;H; At 6,,* the ommittee is empowered to reommend a panel of offiers for the post of the %iretor of ;I. The

ommittee onsists of@

*hief 6i"ilance *ommissionerB*hairperson

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karam_Chand_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karam_Chand_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_General_of_Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_General_of_Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_General_of_Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_commissioner#Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_commissioner#Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Revenue_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Revenue_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_inspector_general_of_policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_inspector_general_of_policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintendent_(police)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintendent_(police)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintendent_(police)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additional_superintendent_of_policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additional_superintendent_of_policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_superintendenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-inspectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Bureau_of_Investigation&printable=yes#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions_(India)#Department_of_Personnel_and_Traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions_(India)#Department_of_Personnel_and_Traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Vigilance_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Vigilance_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Vigilance_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karam_Chand_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_General_of_Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_commissioner#Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_commissioner#Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Revenue_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_inspector_general_of_policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintendent_(police)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintendent_(police)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additional_superintendent_of_policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additional_superintendent_of_policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_superintendenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-inspectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Bureau_of_Investigation&printable=yes#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions_(India)#Department_of_Personnel_and_Traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Vigilance_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Vigilance_Commission


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6i"ilance *ommissionersB$embers

5ecretary& Home $inistryB$ember

5ecretary :*oordination and #ublic (rievances; in the *abinet 5ecretariatB$ember

While makin" any recommendation& the committee takes into consideration the views of the

out"oin" irector.=>

The final seletion is made b$ theAppointments ;ommittee of the ;abinetfrom the panel reommended b$ seletion

ommittee.

&nrastructure

The ;I is head2uartered in a new '/ rore(CS*6 million) stateBofBtheBart building in Dew %elhi whih houses in an ''B

store$ building all branhes of the premier investigating agen$.

This building is spread in around 3,,, metresJ and e2uipped with modern ommuniation s$stems advaned s$stems for

maintaining reords fitted storage spae and omputerised aess ontrol along with a provision of addBon failit$ for new

tehnolog$. Interrogation rooms lokBups dormitories and onferene halls are also provided at various floors. The ;I

head2uarters offer to its staff a large afeteria whih an aommodate 4,, persons separate g$ms for men and women a terrae

garden and a double level basement parking for about 03, vehiles. An advaned fireBfighting s$stem as well as power bakBup

is provided. esides there is a well designed :ress riefing Room and &edia Lounge.738

;I Aadem$ at 5ha=iabad Cttar :radesh India started funtioning in '. The Aadem$ is situated towards east of%elhi

in5ha=iabad distritof Cttar :radesh7/8at a distane of around 0, km from Dew %elhi Railwa$ Station and about 4 km

from Indira 5andhi International Airport %elhi. It is spread over of ',3,,, metresJ (6.4 ares) of lush green fields and

plantations onsisting of the Administrative Aademi >ostel and Residential loks. :rior to that a small Training ;entre was

funtional at Lok Da$ak hawan Dew %elhi onl$ for onduting short term inBservie ourses. ;I then was dependent on

State :olie Training Institutions and D:A >$derabad for training basi ourses of %$.Ss: SIs and onstables.

This Aadem$ now aters to the training needs of all ranks of ;I. Training failities for ertain speialised ourses are also

made available to the offiials of State :olieCentral Police *r$anisations(;:


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*ases which are essentially a"ainst *entral (ovt. employees or concernin" a!airs of the

*entral (ovt. and the employees of the *entral #ublic 5ector Andertakin"s and #ublic 5ector+anks.

*ases in which the /nancial interests of the *entral (overnment are involved.

*ases relatin" to the breaches of *entral Laws with the enforcement of which the (overnmentof ,ndia is mainly concerned.

+i" cases of fraud& cheatin"& embe--lement and the like relatin" to companies in which lar"e

funds are involved and similar other cases when committed by or"anised "an"s or professionalcriminals havin" rami/cations in several 5tates.

*ases havin" interstate and international rami/cations and involvin" several o%cial a"encies

where& from all an"les& it is considered necessary that a sin"le investi"atin" a"ency should bein char"e of the investi"ation.

Poer and /urisdiction o 0i'h Courts and upreme Court

Dotwithstanding above limitations the >igh ;ourtsand theSupreme ;ourt of Indiahave the power and 1urisdition to order a

;I investigation into a ogni=able offense alleged to have been ommitted within the territor$ of a State without the onsent of

that State. This matter was settled b$ a five 1udgeonstitutional benhof Supreme ;ourt of India(in ;ivil Appeal 60 64, of

6,,') on '3 9eb 6,',. The benh said@

+ein" the protectors of civil liberties of the citi-ens& this *ourt and the Hi"h *ourts have not only the

power and 'urisdiction but also an obli"ation to protect the fundamental ri"hts& "uaranteed by #art ,,,

in "eneral and under )rticle 21 of the *onstitution in particular& -ealously and vi"ilantly.

B) /ve 'ud"e constitutional bench of 5upreme *ourt of ,ndia& =>

At the same time the ourt larified that this etraordinar$ power must be eerised sparingl$ autiousl$ and in eeptional

situations.787',8

;I is e,e"ptedfrom the purview of the Right to Information At.This eemption was granted b$ the government on -une

6,'' (along withDational Investigating Agen$(DIA)%iretorate 5eneral of Inome Ta Investigationand the Dational

Intelligene 5rid (Datgrid)) on the basis that the ;I handles ases related to national seurit$. >owever this move was

ritii=ed b$ ;entral Information ;ommission as well as various RTI ativists sa$ing this blanket eemption is not in the letter

and spirit of RTI At.7'68The validit$ of the eemption was upheld b$ &adras >igh ;ourt.

Corruption in C%&

eause of its intensel$ politial overtones7'*8it has been eposed b$ its former bigwigs like -oginder Singh and R Lall who

were %iretor and -oint %iretor respetivel$ to be engaging in nepotism malBproseution and outright orruption. In his

book ho *.ns C/I R Lall an honest and upright ;I offier details the modus operandi of manipulating and derailing

investigation7'08This organisation has beome s$non$mous with orruption 7'487'8as information obtained under the RTI At has

revealed.7'38RTI ativist +rishnanand Tripathi has alleged harassment from ;I in order to save itself from eposure through

RTI.7'/8

Political intererence in cases

Dormall$ ases assigned to the ;I are sensitive and of national importane. It is a usual pratie for the respetive state polie

departments to initiall$ register an$ ase oming under its1urisditionand if neessar$ through mediation b$ the entralgovernment the ases ma$ be transferred to the ;I. The ;I handles man$ highBprofile ases and is never far from

7
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8/13


ontrovers$. The ;I has ome under severe ritiism reentl$ for its mishandling of several sams.7'876,876'8The ;I has also

been ritii=ed for going slow against prominent politiians like :. H. Darasimha Rao -a$alalithaaLalu :rasad

Kadav &a$awatiand&ula$am Singh Kadavwhih either lead to their a2uittal or their nonBproseution.7668

Autonomy

%emanding omplete independene in matters of investigations ;I said that although it was agreeable to the government#s

authorit$ while probing ases that are not about orruption the ;I felt that suffiient finanial and administrative powers had to

be given to the diretor along with a minimum tenure of three $ears to ensure "funtional autonom$".

"As suh it is neessar$ that the diretor ;I should be vested with eBoffiio powers of the Seretar$ to the 5overnment of

India reporting diretl$ to the minister without having to go through the %o:T" the agen$ said adding that finanial powers

e2uivalent to that of the %5 ;R:9 were not enough and that it wanted a separate budgetar$ alloation. 7*8

;I has a high onvition rate of around 4.

Central i'ilance Commission

Is an ape Indiangovernmental bod$ reated in '0 to address governmentalorruption. It has the status of an autonomous

bod$ free of ontrol from an$ eeutive authorit$ harged with monitoring all vigilaneativit$ under the ;entral5overnment

of Indiaand advising various authorities in entral 5overnment organi=ations in planning eeuting reviewing and reforming

their vigilane work.

It was set up b$ the 5overnment of Indiain 9ebruar$ '0 on the reommendations of the Co""ittee on Pre'ention of

Corruption headed b$ Shri+. Santhanam to advise and guide ;entral 5overnment agenies in the field of vigilane.768Dittoor

Srinivasa Rau was seleted as the first ;hief Higilane ;ommissioner of India.

The Annual Report of the ;H; not onl$ gives the details of the work done b$ it but also brings out the s$stem failures whih

leads to orruption in various %epartments!ouses of :arliament and with the
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:residentMs assent.78The ;H; has also been publishing a list of orrupt government offiials against whih it has reommended

punitive ation.738

Appointment

The ;entral Higilane ;ommissioner and the Higilane ;ommissioners are appointed b$ the :resident after obtaining the

reommendation of a ;ommittee onsisting of@

@he #rime $inisterB *hairperson

@he Home $inisterB $ember.

@he Leader of the 9ppositionin theLok 5abhaB $ember.=>

+ath or armation

The ;entral Higilane ;ommissioner and a Higilane ;ommissioner before he enters upon his offie is re2uired to make and

subsribe to following oath or affirmation@

I NnameO having been appointed ;entral Higilane ;ommissioner (or Higilane ;ommissioner) of the ;entral Higilane

;ommission do swear in the name of 5od (or solemnl$ affirm) that I will bear true faith and allegiane to the ;onstitution of

India as b$ law established that I will uphold the sovereignt$ and integrit$ of India that I will dul$ and faithfull$ and to the best

of m$ abilit$ knowledge and 1udgment perform the duties of m$ offie without fear or favour affetion or illBwill and that I will

uphold the onstitution and the laws.

P The Shedule of the ;entral Higilane ;ommission At 6,,*

$emo#al

The ;entral Higilane ;ommissioner or an$ Higilane ;ommissioner an be removed from his offie onl$ b$ order of the

:resident on the ground of proved misbehaviour or inapait$ after the Supreme ;ourt on a referene made to it b$ the

:resident has on in2uir$ reported that the ;entral Higilane ;ommissioner or an$ Higilane ;ommissioner as the ase ma$ be

ought to be removed. The :resident ma$ suspend from offie and if deem neessar$ prohibit also from attending the offie

during in2uir$ the ;entral Higilane ;ommissioner or an$ Higilane ;ommissioner in respet of whom a referene has been

made to the Supreme ;ourt until the :resident has passed orders on reeipt of the report of the Supreme ;ourt on suh referene.

The :resident ma$ b$ order remove from offie the ;entral Higilane ;ommissioner or an$ Higilane ;ommissioner if the

;entral Higilane ;ommissioner or suh Higilane ;ommissioner as the ase ma$ be@

is ad'ud"ed an insolventC or has been convicted of an o!ence which& in the opinion of the *entral (overnment& involves

moral turpitudeC or

en"a"es durin" his term of o%ce in any paid employment outside the duties of his o%ceC or

is& in the opinion of the #resident& un/t to continue in o%ce by reason of in/rmity of mind or

bodyC or

has acDuired such /nancial or other interest as is likely to a!ect pre'udicially his functions as a

*entral 6i"ilance *ommissioner or a 6i"ilance *ommissioner.=>

+r'anisation

The ;H; is headed b$ a ;entral Higilane ;ommissioner who is assisted b$ two Higilane ;ommissioners.7'8

4
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10/13


The ;entral Higilane ;ommission has its own Seretariat ;hief Tehnial ?aminers# Eing (;T?) and a wing of

;ommissioners for %epartmental In2uiries (;%I).

As on 6' &arh 6,'6 ;H; has a staff strength of 643 against santioned strength of 6 (inluding the post of ;H; and 6 H;s)

7'8

ecretariat

The Seretariat onsists of a Seretar$ of the rank of Additional Seretar$ to the5ovt of India one offier of the rank of -oint

Seretar$ to the5ovt of Indiaten offiers of the rank of %iretor!%eput$ Seretar$ four Cnder Seretaries and offie staff.78

Chie echnical !6aminers 8in' (C!)

The ;hief Tehnial ?aminer#s


11/13


*6* cannot direct *+,to initiate inDuiries a"ainst any o%cer of the level of oint 5ecretary and

above on its own. 5uch a permission has to be obtained from the concerned department.

*6* does not have powers to re"ister criminal case. ,t deals only with vi"ilance or disciplinary

cases.=13>

*6* has supervisory powers over *+,. However& *6* does not have the power to call for any

/le from *+,or to direct *+, to investi"ate any case in a particular manner. *+, is underadministrative control of epartment of #ersonnel and @rainin":o#@;. Which means that& thepowers to appoint& transfer& suspend *+,o%cers lie with o#@.=11>

)ppointments to *6* are indirectly under the control of (ovt of ,ndia&thou"h the leader of the

9pposition :in Lok 5abha; is a member of the *ommittee to select *6* and 6*s. +ut the*ommittee considers candidates put up before it. @hese candidates are decided by the(overnment.

As a result although ;H; is relativel$ independent in its funtioning it has neither resoures nor powers to in2uire and take

ation on omplaints of orruption that ma$ at as an effetive deterrene against orruption.7'08

Contro#ersies

upreme court :uashes appointment o CC

:- Thomaswas appointed as the ;hief Higilane ;ommissioner in September 6,', on the reommendation of a >igh :owered

;ommittee (>:;) headed b$ the:rime &inister of India. The seletion of the new ;H; was marked b$ ontroversies

after Sushma Swara1 who was part of threeBmember seletion ommittee ob1eted to the hoie of Thomas iting the

pending hargesheetagainst him. Apubli interest litigationwas filed in the Supreme ;ourt of Indiab$;entre for :ubli

Interest Litigationand India Re1uvenation Initiative

:; did not onsider the relevant materials on the pendinghargesheet.7'8Subse2uentl$ &r Thomas resigned.

=e initiati#es

The following initiatives have been taken b$ ;H;@B '. Dational Antiorruption Strateg$ 6. Leveraging Tehnolog$ to :revent

;orruption *. Integrit$ in :ubli prourement 0. Awareness ;ampaign 4. :rovision for Ehistle lowers . Improving the

Standard of Higilane Eork 3. ;omputerisation of ;ommissionMs Eork /. &odern :reventive Higilane 9ramework .

International ;ooperation. et.

8histleloer protection in &ndia

refers to provisions put in plae in order to protet someone who eposes alleged wrongdoing. The wrongdoing might take the

form of fraud orruption or mismanagement.

As of August 6,'6 India does not have a law to protet whistleblowersQ however the :ubli Interest %islosure and :rotetion

to :ersons &aking the %islosure ill 6,', was approved b$ the ;abinet of Indiaas part of a drive to eliminate orruption in

the ountr$#s bureaura$.

There have been multiple instanes of threatening harassment and even murder of various whistleblowers.7*8708

An engineer Sat$endra %ube$ was murdered in Dovember 6,,*Q %ube$ had blown the whistle in a orruption ase in

theDational >ighwa$s Authorit$ of IndiaMs5olden Guadrilateralpro1et

11
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Vigilance_Commission&printable=yes#cite_note-Functions_and_Powers_of_the_Central_Vigilance_Commission-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions_(India)#Department_of_Personnel_and_Training_.28DOPT.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions_(India)#Department_of_Personnel_and_Training_.28DOPT.29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Vigilance_Commission&printable=yes#cite_note-.E2.80.9CMake_Lokpal.2C_Lokayukta_apex.2C_independent_agencies.E2.80.9D-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govt_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govt_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Vigilance_Commission&printable=yes#cite_note-What_Is_Wrong_With_Our_Anti-Corruption_Systems.3F-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Thomas_(Indian_administrative_officer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sushma_Swarajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargesheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_interest_litigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_interest_litigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Public_Interest_Litigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Public_Interest_Litigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Public_Interest_Litigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Rejuvenation_Initiativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargesheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargesheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargesheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Vigilance_Commission&printable=yes#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Vigilance_Commission&printable=yes#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_protection_in_India&printable=yes#cite_note-A_law_for_those_who_speak_up-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_protection_in_India&printable=yes#cite_note-Centre_awaits_report_from_Jharkhand_in_MGNREGA_activist.27s_murder-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyendra_Dubeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Highways_Authority_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Vigilance_Commission&printable=yes#cite_note-Functions_and_Powers_of_the_Central_Vigilance_Commission-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions_(India)#Department_of_Personnel_and_Training_.28DOPT.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions_(India)#Department_of_Personnel_and_Training_.28DOPT.29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Vigilance_Commission&printable=yes#cite_note-.E2.80.9CMake_Lokpal.2C_Lokayukta_apex.2C_independent_agencies.E2.80.9D-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govt_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Vigilance_Commission&printable=yes#cite_note-What_Is_Wrong_With_Our_Anti-Corruption_Systems.3F-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Thomas_(Indian_administrative_officer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sushma_Swarajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargesheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_interest_litigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Public_Interest_Litigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Public_Interest_Litigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Rejuvenation_Initiativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargesheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Vigilance_Commission&printable=yes#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_protection_in_India&printable=yes#cite_note-A_law_for_those_who_speak_up-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_protection_in_India&printable=yes#cite_note-Centre_awaits_report_from_Jharkhand_in_MGNREGA_activist.27s_murder-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyendra_Dubeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Highways_Authority_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateral


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Two $ears later an Indian


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Another worr$ pertains to the dela$ in disposing of these ases. Eithout publi debate on the provisions of this proposed law it

is lear that people annot measure its effetiveness when the draft bill omes into fore as law.

Central Vigilance Commission Initiative: lo! your !histle

In effort to help build team India that will help reating awareness over the prevalene of orruption in the s$stem and

empowerment of the iti=ens in their fight against orruption;entral Higilane ;ommissionhas taken initiative in setting

uplow $our whistletehnolog$. It is dealing with all matters of ;orruption in the ;entral 5overnment. 7'08

Citi>ens Charter and ;rie#ance $edressal %ill 2

Ethics File Paper 5 (3) Lesson

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Transcript of Ethics File Paper 5 (3) Lesson