Organ donation Peter Bishop Clinical lead for organ donation.
Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.
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Transcript of Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.
![Page 1: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue
Donation
![Page 2: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ethical Considerations
• There are many ethical issues that are raised when discussing organ and tissue donation and transplantation
• EX. Should a dying person be able to buy an organ from a willing living donor?
![Page 3: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ethical Considerations
• Should limits be placed on the amount of tax dollars that go toward keeping a sick patient alive?
• Should it be presumed that everyone is an organ donor unless her or she formally drops out of the donor pool?
![Page 4: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Buying and Selling of Organs
• The buying and selling of organs is illegal in Canada
• Donation of organs and tissues in Ontario is legally governed by the Trillium Gift of Life Network Act
![Page 5: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Buying and Selling of Organs
• This act sets out the conditions under which both living donations and deceased donations are legally allowed
• In both cases it requires explicit consent before organs can be removed and used for transplantation
![Page 6: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Buying and Selling of Organs
• A person in need of a kidney transplant may not legally buy a kidney
• A person in financial need may not legally sell one of his/her kidneys
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• This legislation makes the acquisition of transplantable organs and tissue a matter
of voluntary, intentional gift-giving of generosity to others
• In other countries buying and selling organs is allowed
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Kosovo
![Page 9: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Kosovo
• Kosovo is known for human trafficking and organ harvesting.
• In 1999 after the Kosovo war, new evidence claims that the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) abducted 400 Kosovo residents, mostly Serbs, and illegally harvested their organs before killed them.
![Page 10: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mozambique
![Page 11: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Here the most common organ for sale is the human kidney, mainly used in transplants however there are a few cases involving witchcraft use.
![Page 12: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Isreal
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Isreal
• In some cases these criminals are stealing organs and leaving their donors with nothing, or they are paying very little ($2,000) for a kidney while they sell them to buyers for at least 10-20 times the amount
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India
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Pakistan
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Pakistan
• The only valuable assets these Pakistanis have are their kidneys which have been priced at around $3,000.
![Page 17: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Egypt
![Page 18: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Egypt
• Egypt has no current laws to prevent organ harvesters
• There’s been 500 unlicensed kidney transplant reported each year but evidence indicates that this figure is generous.
![Page 19: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
China
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China
• China actually condones organ harvesting
• If you’re in dying need for a kidney, fly to a hospital in China where you lay in bed and wait for your kidney to arrive; fresh and ready for surgery.
![Page 21: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
China
• People are paying anywhere from $10,000 to $65,000 for a kidney.
• In many cases executed prisons organs have been taken without consent.
![Page 22: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Moldova
![Page 23: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Moldova
• It is believed that the government is directly involved with the trade even after the government has issued a ban.
• Many innocent victims have been murdered for their kidneys, heart, lungs, liver, and small bowel; by gangs. It is also reported that 10% of all kidney donated worldwide originate from Moldova.
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The Phillipines
![Page 25: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Philippines
• Legal to sell organs until 2008
![Page 26: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Iran
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Iran
• In Iran the practice of selling one's kidney for profit is legal
• Iran currently has no wait lists for Kidney transplantation
• The amounts paid to the donor vary in Iran but the average figures are $3000–$5000
![Page 28: Ethical Perspectives on Organ and Tissue Donation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dc75503460f94abbe4f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Problems
• People who make the desperate decision to sell an organ often face post-surgery complications with no medical care
• Lose the money they were promised