ETHICAL ISSUES IN CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS Career Development Interventions in the 21 st...

ETHICAL ISSUES IN CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS

Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century

4th EditionSpencer G. Niles and JoAnn Harris-Bowlsbey

Prepared By

Jennifer Del Corso

Niles/Harris-Bowlsbey. Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4e. © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

14-2

Classifying Practitioner Behavior

Ethical and Legal --------------------------

Ethical and Illegal

Unethical and Legal --------------------------

Unethical and Illegal


14-3

Relevant Ethical Codes for Career Practitioners

American Counseling Association (ACA)

National Career Development Association (NCDA)

American Psychological Association (APA)

International Association of Educational and Vocational Guidance (IAEVG)

National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC)


14-4

Ethical “Rules of Thumb”

Dual relationships with the potential to exploit client trust and vulnerability are unethical.

Consult with professional colleagues who understand career interventions when unsure about how to resolve a dilemma.

Be aware of client’s values and those imbedded in career intervention models.


14-5

Ethical Dilemmas vs. Moral Temptations

Kidder (1995) contends that an ethical dilemma occurs only in instances when there are competing “rights” or there is a struggle to determine the “least bad” course of action.

The struggle between right and wrong is seen as a moral temptation.

A code of ethics cannot guarantee ethical behavior. Moreover, a code of ethics cannot resolve all ethical issues confronting career practitioners.


14-6

Using Principles to Resolve Ethical Decisions

Van Hoose (1986) recommended that counselors use ACA’s five principles to guide their ethical practice:

• Autonomy

• Nonmaleficence

• Beneficence

• Justice

• Fidelity (Herlify & Corey, 1996, p. 4-5)


14-7

Additional Principles

Beauchamp and Childress (2001) identified additional relevant principles to guide professional-client relationships:

• Veracity: Tell the truth and do not lie or deceive others.

• Privacy: Allow individuals to limit access to information about themselves.

• Confidentiality: Allow individuals to control access to information they have shared.


14-8

Virtue Ethics

Corey and Herily (2006) offer six virtue ethics to consider:

• discernment or prudence,

• respectfulness,

• integrity,

• self-awareness,

• acknowledgement of emotions,

• connectedness with community.


14-9

The Role of ValuesValues assumptions underlie all questions (and answers) related to ethical behavior in career development interventions.

Values are orienting beliefs about what is good for the clients and how that good should be achieved (Bergin, 1985, p. 99)

The ACA Code of Ethics (2005) requires counselors to be aware of the client’s values and the values embedded in career development intervention models

Herr and Niles (1988) stress that counselors need to be cognizant of the values being propagate at the national level


14-10

Strategies for Minimizing Insensitivity to Clients’ Values

Become informed about variety of values held in society.

Be aware of your own values.

Present value options to clients in an unbiased manner.

Be committed to client’s freedom of choice.


14-11

Strategies for Minimizing Insensitivity continued

Respect clients with values that differ from your own.

Consult with others when necessary.

Consider referring clients to another counselor when substantial moral, religious or political value differences exist.


14-12

Special Ethical Challenges

Are all individual career interventions counseling?

Should those without traditional training and credentials provide career services?

How should the Internet be used in career development interventions?


14-13

Reasons for Using the Internet in Career Service Delivery (current NCDA guidelines)

To deliver occupational information

To provide online searches of occupational databases for the purpose of identifying occupational options

To deliver interactive career counseling and career planning services

To provide online job searches


14-14

Six Sections of NCDA Ethical Standards

Section A - General

Section B - The Counseling Relationship

Section C - Measurement and Evaluation

Section D - Research and Publication

Section E - Consulting

Section F - Private Practice


14-15

Ethical Standards and Ethical Practice for Career Counselors

Offer only services they are competent to offer.

Respect and value individual differences among clients and potential clients.

Treat information received from and about clients as owned by the client and held in trust by the counselor.


14-16

Ethical Standards continued

Do not engage in any professional relationship in which the counselor’s objectivity and ability to work for client’s welfare might be impaired.

Assume professional responsibility for clients and, if unable to assist, help the client obtain alternative services.


14-17

Ethical Standards continued

Recognize they have obligations to other members of the profession and to society to act in responsible ways and to consider the effects of their behavior on others.


14-18

Using an Ethical Decision-Making Model

Forester-Miller and Davis (1996) provide an ethical decision making model for professional counselors that can be applied to career counseling:

• Step 1: Identify the problem

• Step 2: Apply the NCDA Code of Ethics

• Step 3: Determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma


14-19

Using an Ethical Decision-Making Model (Continued)

Step 4: Generate possible courses of action

Step 5: Consider the potential consequences of all options and choose a course of action

Step 6: Evaluate the selected course of action

Step 7: Implement the course of action selected

ETHICAL ISSUES IN CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS Career Development Interventions in the 21 st...

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