Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems: Facebook ...

資訊管理專題HotIssuesofInformationManagement

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1061IM4C05TLMXB4C(M0842)

Thu7,8(14:10-16:00)B702

Min-Yuh Day戴敏育

Assistant Professor專任助理教授

Dept. of Information Management, Tamkang University淡江大學資訊管理學系

http://mail. tku.edu.tw/myday/2017-10-19

TamkangUniversity

Tamkang University

EthicalandSocialIssuesinInformationSystems:Facebook(Chap.4)

週次 (Week)日期 (Date)內容 (Subject/Topics)12017/09/21IntroductiontoCaseStudyforHotIssuesof

InformationManagement22017/09/28InformationSystemsinGlobalBusiness:UPS

(Chap.1)(pp.53-54)32017/10/05GlobalE-BusinessandCollaboration:P&G

(Chap.2)(pp.84-85)42017/10/12InformationSystems,Organization,andStrategy:

Starbucks(Chap.3)(pp.129-130)52017/10/19EthicalandSocialIssuesinInformationSystems:

Facebook(Chap.4)(pp.188-190)62017/10/26ITInfrastructureandEmergingTechnologies:

AmazonandCloudComputing(Chap.5)(pp.234-236)

課程大綱 (Syllabus)

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週次 (Week)日期 (Date)內容 (Subject/Topics)72017/11/02Foundations of BusinessIntelligence:

IBMand BigData(Chap.6)(pp.261-262)82017/11/09Telecommunications,the Internet,and Wireless

Technology:Google,Apple,and Microsoft(Chap.7)(pp.318-320)

92017/11/16Midterm Report(期中報告)102017/11/23Midterm ExamWeek (期中考試週)112017/11/30EnterpriseApplications:Summit and SAP

(Chap.9)(pp.396-398)122017/12/07E-commerce:Zagat (Chap.10)(pp.443-445)

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週次日期內容（Subject/Topics）132017/12/14Enhancing Decision Making:Zynga

(Chap.12)(pp.512-514)142017/12/21BuildingInformationSystems:USAA

(Chap.13)(pp.547-548)152017/12/28ManagingProjects:NYCAPSand CityTime

(Chap.14)(pp.586-588)162018/01/04FinalReportI(期末報告 I)172018/01/11FinalReportII(期末報告 II)182018/01/18FinalExamWeek (期末考試週)

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ManagementInformationSystems:ManagingtheDigitalFirm

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Organization,Management,and theNetworkedEnterprise

InformationTechnologyInfrastructure

KeySystemApplicationsfortheDigitalAge

Buildingand ManagingSystems

Source:KennethC.Laudon&JaneP.Laudon(2014),ManagementInformationSystems:ManagingtheDigitalFirm,ThirteenthEdition,Pearson.

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Chap.4EthicalandSocialIssuesin

InformationSystems:Facebook

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CaseStudy:Facebook(Chap.4)(pp.188-190)Facebook:It’sabouttheMoney

1.PerformanethicalanalysisofFacebook.Whatistheethicaldilemmapresentedbythiscase?

2.WhatistherelationshipofprivacytoFacebook’sbusinessmodel?

3.DescribetheweaknessesofFacebook’sprivacypoliciesandfeatures.Whatmanagement,organization,andtechnologyfactorshavecontributedtothoseweaknesses?

4.WillFacebookbeabletohaveasuccessfulbusinessmodelwithoutinvadingprivacy?Explainyouranswer.ArethereanymeasuresFacebookcouldtaketomakethispossible?

7Source:KennethC.Laudon&JaneP.Laudon(2014),ManagementInformationSystems:ManagingtheDigitalFirm,ThirteenthEdition,Pearson.

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Management

Organization

Technology

InformationSystem

BusinessChallenges

BusinessSolutions


OverviewofFundamentalMISConcepts

BusinessModel

9Source:AlexanderOsterwalder &YvesPigneur,BusinessModelGeneration:AHandbookforVisionaries,GameChangers,andChallengers,Wiley,2010.

KeyActivities

KeyResources

CustomerSegments

KeyPartners

CustomerRelationships

Channels

RevenueStreams

CostStructure

ValueProposition

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InformationSystemsandEthics

• Informationsystemsraisenewethicalquestionsbecausetheycreateopportunitiesfor:– Intensesocialchange,threateningexistingdistributionsofpower,money,rights,andobligations

– Newkindsofcrime


THERELATIONSHIPAMONGETHICAL,SOCIAL,POLITICALISSUESINANINFORMATIONSOCIETY


Amodelforthinkingaboutethical,social,andpoliticalIssues• Societyasacalmpond• ITasrockdroppedinpond,creatingripplesofnewsituationsnotcoveredbyoldrules

• Socialandpoliticalinstitutionscannotrespondovernighttotheseripples—itmaytakeyearstodevelopetiquette,expectations,laws– Requiresunderstandingofethicstomakechoicesinlegallygrayareas


Fivemoraldimensionsoftheinformationage

1. Informationrightsandobligations2. Propertyrightsandobligations3. Accountabilityandcontrol4. Systemquality5. Qualityoflife


Keytechnologytrendsthatraiseethicalissues

1.Doublingofcomputerpower–Moreorganizationsdependoncomputersystemsforcriticaloperations.

2.Rapidlydecliningdatastoragecosts– Organizationscaneasilymaintaindetaileddatabasesonindividuals.

3.NetworkingadvancesandtheInternet– Copyingdatafromonelocationtoanotherandaccessingpersonaldatafromremotelocationsaremucheasier.


Keytechnologytrendsthatraiseethicalissues

4.Advancesindataanalysistechniques– Profiling• Combiningdatafrommultiplesourcestocreatedossiersofdetailedinformationonindividuals

– Nonobviousrelationshipawareness(NORA)• Combiningdatafrommultiplesourcestofindobscurehiddenconnectionsthatmighthelpidentifycriminalsorterrorists

5.Mobiledevicegrowth– Trackingofindividualcellphones


NONOBVIOUSRELATIONSHIPAWARENESS(NORA)


Basicconceptsforethicalanalysis

• Responsibility:– Acceptingthepotentialcosts,duties,andobligationsfordecisions

• Accountability:– Mechanismsforidentifyingresponsibleparties

• Liability:– Permitsindividuals(andfirms)torecoverdamagesdonetothem

• Dueprocess:– Lawsarewell-knownandunderstood,withanabilitytoappealtohigherauthorities


Five-stepethicalanalysis

1. Identifyandclearlydescribethefacts.2. Definetheconflictordilemmaandidentify

thehigher-ordervaluesinvolved.3. Identifythestakeholders.4. Identifytheoptionsthatyoucanreasonably

take.5. Identifythepotentialconsequencesofyour

options.


Informationrights:privacyandfreedomintheInternetage

• Privacy:– Claimofindividualstobeleftalone,freefromsurveillanceorinterferencefromotherindividuals,organizations,orstate;claimtobeabletocontrolinformationaboutyourself

• IntheUnitedStates,privacyprotectedby:– FirstAmendment(freedomofspeech)– FourthAmendment(unreasonablesearchandseizure)

– Additionalfederalstatues(e.g.,PrivacyActof1974)19Source:KennethC.Laudon&JaneP.Laudon(2014),ManagementInformationSystems:ManagingtheDigitalFirm,ThirteenthEdition,Pearson.

FairInformationPractices(FIP)• Setofprinciplesgoverningthecollectionanduseof

information– BasisofmostU.S.andEuropeanprivacylaws– Basedonmutualityofinterestbetweenrecordholderandindividual

– RestatedandextendedbyFTCin1998toprovideguidelinesforprotectingonlineprivacy

• Usedtodrivechangesinprivacylegislation– COPPA– Gramm-Leach-BlileyAct– HIPAA– Do-Not-TrackOnlineActof2011


FederalTradeCommission(FTC)FairInformationPractices(FIP)principles

1.Notice/awareness(coreprinciple)–Websitesmustdisclosepracticesbeforecollectingdata.

2.Choice/consent(coreprinciple)– Consumersmustbeabletochoosehowinformationisusedforsecondarypurposes.

3.Access/participation– Consumersmustbeabletoreviewandcontestaccuracyofpersonaldata.


FederalTradeCommission(FTC)FairInformationPractices(FIP)principles

4.Security– Datacollectorsmusttakestepstoensureaccuracy,securityofpersonaldata.

5.Enforcement–MustbemechanismtoenforceFIPprinciples.


Internetchallengestoprivacy• Cookies– Identifybrowserandtrackvisitstosite– Supercookies(Flashcookies)

• Webbeacons(Webbugs)– Tinygraphicsembeddedine-mailsandWebpages– Monitorwhoisreadinge-mailmessageorvisitingsite

• Spyware– Surreptitiouslyinstalledonuser’scomputer– Maytransmituser’skeystrokesordisplayunwantedads

• Googleservicesandbehavioraltargeting23Source:KennethC.Laudon&JaneP.Laudon(2014),ManagementInformationSystems:ManagingtheDigitalFirm,ThirteenthEdition,Pearson.

HOWCOOKIESIDENTIFYWEBVISITORS


• TheUnitedStatesallowsbusinessestogathertransactioninformationandusethisforothermarketingpurposes.– Opt-outvs.opt-inmodel

• Onlineindustrypromotesself-regulationoverprivacylegislation.

• However,extentofresponsibilitytakenvaries:– Complex/ambiguousprivacystatements– Opt-outmodelsselectedoveropt-in– Online“seals”ofprivacyprinciples

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Internetchallengestoprivacy


Technicalsolutionsforprivacy

• E-mailencryption• Anonymitytools• Anti-spywaretools• Browserfeatures– “Private”browsing– “Donottrack”options

• Overall,fewtechnicalsolutions


Propertyrights:Intellectualproperty

• Intellectualproperty:intangiblepropertyofanykindcreatedbyindividualsorcorporations

• Threemainwaysthatintellectualpropertyisprotected:– Tradesecret: intellectualworkorproductbelongingtobusiness,notinthepublicdomain

– Copyright: statutorygrantprotectingintellectualpropertyfrombeingcopiedforthelifeoftheauthor,plus70years

– Patents: grantscreatorofinventionanexclusivemonopolyonideasbehindinventionfor20years


Challengestointellectualpropertyrights

• Digitalmediadifferentfromphysicalmedia(e.g.,books)– Easeofreplication– Easeoftransmission(networks,Internet)– Difficultyinclassifyingsoftware– Compactness– Difficultiesinestablishinguniqueness

• DigitalMillenniumCopyrightAct(DMCA)–Makesitillegaltocircumventtechnology-basedprotectionsofcopyrightedmaterials


Accountability,liability,control

• Computer-relatedliabilityproblems– Ifsoftwarefails,whoisresponsible?• Ifseenaspartofmachinethatinjuresorharms,softwareproducerandoperatormaybeliable.• Ifseenassimilartobook,difficulttoholdauthor/publisherresponsible.• Whatshouldliabilitybeifsoftwareseenasservice?Wouldthisbesimilartotelephonesystemsnotbeingliablefortransmittedmessages?


Systemquality:Dataqualityandsystemerrors

• Whatisanacceptable,technologicallyfeasiblelevelofsystemquality?– Flawlesssoftwareiseconomicallyunfeasible.

• Threeprincipalsourcesofpoorsystemperformance:– Softwarebugs,errors– Hardwareorfacilityfailures– Poorinputdataquality(mostcommonsourceofbusinesssystemfailure)


Qualityoflife:Equity,access,boundaries

• Negativesocialconsequencesofsystems– Balancingpower:althoughcomputingpowerdecentralizing,keydecisionmakingremainscentralized

– Rapidityofchange:businessesmaynothaveenoughtimetorespondtoglobalcompetition

– Maintainingboundaries:computing,Internetuselengthenswork-day,infringesonfamily,personaltime

– Dependenceandvulnerability:publicandprivateorganizationsevermoredependentoncomputersystems


• Computercrimeandabuse– Computercrime:commissionofillegalactsthroughuseofcomputeroragainstacomputersystem—computermaybeobjectorinstrumentofcrime

– Computerabuse:unethicalacts,notillegal• Spam:highcostsforbusinessesindealingwithspam

• Employment:– Reengineeringworkresultinginlostjobs

• Equityandaccess—thedigitaldivide:– CertainethnicandincomegroupsintheUnitedStateslesslikelytohavecomputersorInternetaccess

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• Healthrisks– Repetitivestressinjury(RSI)• Largestsourceiscomputerkeyboards• Carpaltunnelsyndrome(CTS)

– Computervisionsyndrome(CVS)• Eyestrainandheadachesrelatedtoscreenuse

– Technostress• Aggravation,impatience,fatigue

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CaseStudy:AmazonandCloudComputing(Chap.5) (pp.234-236)

ShouldBusinessesMovetotheCloud?

1.Whatbusinessbenefitsdocloudcomputingservicesprovide?Whatproblemsdotheysolve?

2.Whatarethedisadvantagesofcloudcomputing?3.Howdotheconceptsofcapacityplanning,scalability,andTCOapplytothiscase?ApplytheseconceptsbothtoAmazonandtosubscribersofitsservices.

4.Whatkindsofbusinessesaremostlikelytobenefitfromusingcloudcomputing?Why?


資訊管理專題(HotIssuesofInformationManagement)

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1.請同學於資訊管理專題個案討論前應詳細研讀個案，並思考個案研究問題。

2.請同學於上課前複習相關資訊管理相關理論，以作為個案分析及擬定管理對策的依據。

3.請同學於上課前先繳交資訊管理專題個案研究問題書面報告。

4.上課時間地點：週四 7,8(14:10-16:00)B702

References– KennethC.Laudon&JaneP.Laudon(2014),ManagementInformationSystems:ManagingtheDigitalFirm,ThirteenthEdition,Pearson.

– KennethC.Laudon&JaneP.Laudon原著，游張松主編，陳文生翻譯 (2014)，資訊管理系統，第13版，滄海

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