Ethanol fumigation in petrol engine

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Experimental Investigation on Exhaust Emissions of an Ethanol Fumigated Petrol Engine

Transcript of Ethanol fumigation in petrol engine

Experimental Investigation on Exhaust Emissions of an Ethanol Fumigated

Petrol Engine

INTRODUCTION

• Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional or advanced

fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as

fuels.

• Conventional fuels include: fossil fuels (petroleum (oil), coal,

and natural gas).

• Alternative fuels include biodiesel, bioalcohol (methanol,

ethanol, butanol), chemically stored electricity (batteries and

fuel cells), hydrogen, non-fossil methane, non-fossil natural

gas, vegetable oil, propane, and other biomass sources.

PROPERTIES OF FUELS

Property Petrol Ethanol LPG

Chemical formula C4 to C12 C2H5OH C3H8+C4H10

Density @20oC, kg/m3 719.7 789 260

Calorific value, MJ/kg 47.3 26.8 46.1

Octane number 90 111 1.85/505

Cetane number 20 8 -

ETHANOL FUMIGATION

• Ethanol fuel is ethanol (ethyl alcohol C2H5OH ), It is most

often used as a motor fuel, mainly as a biofuel additive for

gasoline.

• Creation of ethanol starts with photosynthesis causing a

feedstock, such as sugar cane or a grain such as maize

(corn), to grow. These feedstocks are processed into ethanol.

• Ethanol fumigation is method to spraying gaseous ethanol

into the incoming air or fuel-air mixture.

ADVENTAGES

• Increase brake power and torque.

• Volumetric efficiency increased.

• Brake specific fuel consumption decreased(BSFC)

• Reduce CO,HC and NOx emission.

LPG

• Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP

gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are

flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in

heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.

• LPG is used to fuel internal combustion engines, it is often

referred to as autogas or auto propane

ADVENTAGES

• High Octane Number and Low Evaporation residue of Auto

LPG ensures high efficiency

• Low volumes of vehicular exhausts like CO, SOx, NOx,

Benzene and Particulates etc.

• Auto LPG eco - friendly, resulting in improving the general air

quality.

OBJECTIVE

• To built the dual fuel fumigation engine (Ethanol & LPG)

• To condect performance test.(Fuel consumption Torque,

BSFC & BMEP)

• To find the emission characteristics (HC,CO,NOx) of engine

with varies engine speed at varies fumigation rates.

• To compare the results.

COMPONENTS TO BE USED

• Ethanol tank

• Petrol tank

• LPG tank

• Two stroke petrol engine

• Evaporator kit

• Stand

ETHONAL FUMIGATIONSYSTEM DRAWING

Evap

orato

r kit

Engine started by manual cranking

Petrol

carburetor

Ethanol

LPG

Engine Specification

• Model= TVS XL Super

• Type = 2 stroke single cylinder petrol engine

• Displacement = 69.9cc

• BrakePower = 2.61 Kw ( 3.5 BHP) @ 5000 rpm

• Max Torque = 50 N-m @ 3750 rpm

• Bore (D) = 46 mm

• Cross section area of cylinder ( A ) = 1661.06 mm2 = 0.0017 m2

• Stroke (L) = 42 mm = 0.042 m

Evaporator kit

• LPG vaporizer and solenoid valves are important components in the

LPG Conversion Kits. It is important to store LPG which contains

propane and butane mixture in pressurized containers in liquid

state. This liquid must undergo a phase change into gas so that the

empty space above the liquid in the container is filled by vapour

which is used as fuel. Thus LPG enters as a liquid and exits as a

gas.

WORKING PRINCIPLE ETHONAL FUMIGATION

• The fuel and air is supplied from the carburetor already

used in petrol engine.

• Evaporator kit is used to vaporized LPG and Ethanol.

• Vaporized LPG or Ethanol is feed into the carburator.

• Air/petrol mixure with Ethonal or LPG is drown into the

engine during the intake stroke.

• Performance and Emission test are carried out with

testing setup.

Two Stroke Engine

• A two-stroke engine is a type of internal combustion

engine which completes a power cycle in only one

crankshaft revolution and with two strokes of the piston.

• This is accomplished by the end of the combustion

stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke

happening simultaneously and performing the intake and

exhaust (or scavenging) functions at the same time.

• Two-stroke engines often provide high power-to-weight

ratio.

Two Stroke Engine Intake

• The fuel/air mixture is first drawn into the crankcase by the vacuum

that is created during the upward stroke of the piston. The illustrated

engine features a poppet intake valve; however, many engines use

a rotary value incorporated into the crankshaft.

Two Stroke Engine Transfer/Exhaust

• Toward the end of the stroke, the piston exposes the intake port,

allowing the compressed fuel/air mixture in the crankcase to escape

around the piston into the main cylinder. This expels the exhaust

gasses out the exhaust port, usually located on the opposite side of

the cylinder. Unfortunately, some of the fresh fuel mixture is usually

expelled as well.

Two Stroke Engine Compression

• The piston then rises, driven by flywheel momentum, and

compresses the fuel mixture. (At the same time, another intake

stroke is happening beneath the piston).

Two Stroke Engine Power

• At the top of the stroke, the spark plug ignites the fuel mixture. The

burning fuel expands, driving the piston downward, to complete the

cycle. (At the same time, another crankcase compression stroke is

happening beneath the piston.)

Two Stroke Engine Cycle

1=TDC

2=BDC

A: intake/scavenging

B: Exhaust

C: Compression

D: Expansion (power)

Two Stroke Engine Port Timing Diagram

Two Stroke Engine Port Timing Diagram

• Intake port opens 35° to 50° prior to TDC position which closes

same amount after TDC place.

• Exhaust port opens and closes 35° near 70° before and after BDC

place, in that order.

• Transfer port opens 35° to 60° in the proceed to BDC closes 35° to

60° after TDC place.

• Ignition takes place with spark by 15° to 20° before TDC place as

charge requires for a while to ignite.

• The exhaust and transfer ports open and close at the same angles

on also side of BDC.

Performance Test

• Fuel Consumption ( mf) = ( Volume of fuel consumed in m3 x

density of fuel ) / Time (Kg/sec)

• Torque = ( Brake power in Kw x 60000) / ( 2Л x engine rpm) N-m

• BSFC = ( mf x 3600) / Brake power in Kw kg/Kw.hr

• BMEP = ( Brake power in Kw x60000) / ( L x A xengine rpm)

N/m2

Calculation

1)Fuel Consumption ( mf) = ( Volume of fuel consumed in m3 x

density of fuel ) / Time (Kg/sec)

Fuel Consumption ( mf) = (0.00005 x 719.7)/20.1

Fuel Consumption ( mf) = 0.00017903 kg/sec

Fuel Consumption ( mf) = 0.64 kg/hr

2) Torque = ( Brake power in Kw x 60000) / ( 2Л x engine rpm) N-m

Torque = ( 2.6x 60000) / ( 2Л x 1000) N-m

Torque = 24.84 N-m

Calculation

3) BSFC = ( mf x 3600) / Brake power in Kw kg/Kw.hr

BSFC = ( 0.00017903x 3600) / 2.6 kg/Kw.hr

BSFC =0.25 kg/Kw.hr

4) BMEP = ( Brake power in Kw x60000) / ( L x A x engine rpm)

N/m2

BMEP = ( 2.6 x60000) / ( 0.042 x 0.0017 x1000) N/m2

BMEP = 21.85 N/m2

Fuel consumption results for petrol

Fuel consumption results for petrol+ LPG fumigation

Fuel consumption results for petrol + Ethanol fumigation

Engine rpm Vs Fuel consumption

Engine torque results for petrol

Engine torque results for petrol+ LPG fumigation

Engine torque results for petrol+ Ethanol fumigation

Engine rpm Vs engine torque

BSFC for petrol

BSFC for petrol+ LPG Fumigation

BSFC for petrol+ Ethanol Fumigation

Engine rpm Vs BSFC

BMEP results for petrol

BMEP results for petrol+LPG fumigation

BEMP results for petrol + Ethanol fumigation

Engine rpm Vs BMEP

Emission results for petrol

Emission results for petrol + LPG fumigation

Emission results for petrol + Ethanol fumigation

Engine rpm Vs HC Emission

Engine rpm Vs CO Emission

Engine rpm Vs NOx Emission

CONCLUSION

• The results of tests conducted in a LPG and ethanol fumigated two

stroke petrol engine at eight different engine speed, without engine

load to ascertain the influence of LPG/ethanol fumigation on

specific fuel consumption, engine power, torque, BSFC,

BMEP ,HC,CO and Nox can be concluded as follows.

• While fumigating LPG/Ethanol to the petrol engine the resulted in

a reducing in specific fuel consumption and BSFC .Also fumigation

increase the BMEP and engine torque. The HC, CO and NOx

levels for fumigation run were less than that for neat petrol run.

CONCLUSION

• We compare results with petrol , petrol LPG fumigation and petrol

ethanol fumigation finally concluded that LPG fumigation is give

better performance and emission characteristic, compare with

ethanol fumigation due to there higher calorific value and octane

number.