eSupply Chains and eBusiness Applications
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Transcript of eSupply Chains and eBusiness Applications
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eSupply Chains and eBusiness Applications
Dr Sherif KamelDepartment of ManagementSchool of Business, Economics and Communication
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eSupply Chains Definitions and Concepts
supply chain
The flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customerseSupply chain
A supply chain that is managed electronically, usually with Web technologies
Supply Chain Parts Upstream supply chain Internal supply chain Downstream supply chain
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Managing Supply Chains Managing supply chains can be difficult due to the need to
coordinate: Several business partners Several internal corporate departments Numerous business processes Possibly many customers
Information technology provides two types of software solutions Supply chain management (SCM) Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Managing eSupply Chains eSupply chain management (eSCM)
The collaborative use of technology to improve the operations of supply chain activities as well as the management of supply chains and it depends on…
Ability of all supply chain partners to view partner collaboration as a strategic asset
Information visibility along the entire supply chain Speed, cost, quality, and customer service Integrating the supply chain more tightly
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eSupply Chains Activities eProcurement Supply chain monitoring and control Collaborative planning Collaborative design and product development eLogistics
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Infrastructure for eSupply Chains Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Extranets Intranets
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Supply chains can be very long, involving many internal and external partners located in different places
Both materials and information must flow among several entities, and these transfers, especially when manually handled, can be slow and error-prone
Other problems along the EC supply chain mainly stem from the need to coordinate several activities and internal units and business partners
Supply Chain Problems
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Supply Chain Information Required
A supply chain includes the flow of information to and from all participating entities including Product pricing Inventory Shipping status Credit and financial information Technology news
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
EC Solutions on the Supply Chain Order taking can be done over the Internet, extranet, and
may be fully automated Order fulfillment can become instant if the products can be
digitized Electronic payments can expedite both the order fulfillment
cycle and the payment delivery period Inventories can be minimized by introducing a build-to-order
(on-demand) manufacturing process as well as by providing fast and accurate information to suppliers (collaborative commerce) Knowledge management is the process of capturing or creating knowledge
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Internal Supply Chain SolutionsIntrabusiness
The internal parts of the supply chain are related to the value chain and include: Inbound logistics Production processes Outbound logistics Marketing and sales Customer services
Intrabusiness can include Between a business and its employees Between units within the business Among employees in the same business
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Corporate (Enterprise) Portals
corporate (enterprise) portalA gateway for entering a corporate website, enabling communication, collaboration, and access to company information
Reasons for implementing corporate portals: To cut costs To free up time for busy executives and managers Get access to information all the time Allowing collaboration – sharing knowledge
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Collaboration-Enabling Tools
virtual meetingsOnline meetings whose members are in different locations
group decision support system (GDSS)Interactive computer-based system that facilitates the solution of semi-structured and unstructured problems by a group of decision makers
teleconferencingUse of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to have a simultaneous conference
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Collaboration-Enabling ToolsVoice-over-IP (VOIP)Communication systems that transmit voice calls over Internet Protocol-based
networks
screen sharingSoftware that enables group members, even in different locations, to work on
the same document, which is shown on the PC screen of each participant
Instant videoReal-time replays with extensive memory for random access to materials streamed
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eGovernment eGovernment
The use of ICT and eCommerce to provide access to government information and delivery of public services to citizens and business partners
Use of information and communication technology as well as business processes to transform how the government interact with citizens and businesses
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eGovernment Objectives Transforming the quality of services offered to citizens by the
government Establishing a single gateway to the government Building services around citizens needs Making government services more accessible, efficient and effective Ensuring social inclusion Optimizing the use of information
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
So it is all about…
Electronic Government
and not
Electronic Government
and hopefully
Electronic Government
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eGovernment is about… Transforming a relationship than about deploying technology Accessing information about services Enabling various new channels Diversifying the levels of services Developing front and back business processes Re-engineering organizational structures
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eGovernment models Citizens
Government2citizens (G2C) Businesses
Government2business (G2B) Intergovernmental
Govrnment2government (G2G) Employees
Government2employees (G2E) Intragovernmental
Internal efficiency and effectiveness (IEE)
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eGovernment government-to-citizens (G2C)
eGovernment category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens (voting and benefit transfer)
government-to-businesseGovernment category that includes interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with services and businesses selling products and services to government)
Government eProcurement Group purchasing Tax collection and management
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eGovernment government-to-employees (G2E)
eGovernment category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees
Government-to-employees and internal efficiency and effectiveness ePayroll eRecords management eTraining
government-to-government (G2G) eGovernment category that includes activities within government units
and those between governments
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Implementing eGovernment The Transformation to eGovernment
Stage 1 – Information publishing/dissemination Stage 2 – Official two-way transactions with one
department at a time Stage 3 – Multipurpose portals Stage 4 – Portal personalization Stage 5 – Clustering of common services Stage 6 – Full integration and enterprise transformation
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Stages of eGovernment
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eGovernment Adoption
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eGovernment Phases (different model) Publish
Using information and communication technology to expand access to government information
Interact Broadening civic participation in government
Transact Making government information available online
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
5 elements for eGovernment transformation Process reform
Create new processes and relationships between the governor and the governed and not just automate existing processes and inefficiencies
Leadership Avail technology sponsors and champions at all levels who would represent the push
drivers Strategic investment
Prioritize programs according to the needs, available funds and scarce resources Collaboration
Explore new collaboration schemes among government agencies as well as with the private sector and NGOs
Civic engagement Encourage invaluable role and input of the citizen as a contributor to the decision
making process
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
Online Publishing eBooks
Online publishing The electronic delivery of newspapers, magazines, books, news, music, videos, and other digitizable information over the Internet (eBooks, print onDemand)
eZines Electronic magazine or newsletter delivered over the Internet via eMail
WebcastingLive shows broadcast on the Web
WebinarsSeminars on the Web (Web-based seminars)
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eLearning
Basics of eLearningThe online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or
knowledge management…benefits could include…. Time and cost reduction Large volume and diversity Higher content retention Flexibility Updated and consistent material
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eLearning
Drawbacks include… Need for instructor retraining Equipment needs and support services Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life Assessment Maintenance and updating Protection of intellectual property Computer literacy Student retention
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eLearning
The use of hybrid models (traditional and unconventional means
Use of technology acceptance model theory adaptation
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eTraining
Online Corporate Training The Drivers of eTraining
Technological change Competition and cost pressures Globalization Continual learning Network connectivity
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Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee
eDutainment
Edutainment The combination of education and entertainment, often through games, movies, books, music
Knowledge management (content sharing) P2P applications