Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water...
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Transcript of Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water...
![Page 1: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EstuariesChapter 12
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Estuary
•Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water
•Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary, Bodega Bay
![Page 3: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Physical Characteristics:
Salinity•Varies between 35 ppt and 0 ppt
•Lower salinity farther upriver, higher salinity closer to ocean
•Higher salinity deeper
•Salt wedge
•Moves with the tide
![Page 4: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Physical Characteristics: Water Movement
•Tides create dramatic currents
•Exposes parts of the estuary regularly
•Tidal bores (video)
![Page 5: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Physical Characteristics:
Nutrients•High nutrient
load from runoff
•Eutrophication: Blooms of algae because of too many nutrients
![Page 6: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Physical Characteristics:
Substrate• Rivers carry lots of substrate
• Fine particulates of sand and mud
• Sediments mostly anoxic (no oxygen)
• Bacteria use up oxygen
• Not a lot of water in sediment to replenish
• Produce hydrogen sulfide that anaerobic bacteria can live in.
![Page 7: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Physical Characteristics:
Temperature
•Temperature can fluctuate rapidly
•Salinity can change drastically because of heat-induced evaporation
![Page 8: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Adaptations Needed
•Salinity
•Temperature
•Desiccation
•Currents
•Sediment instability
![Page 9: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Tolerating Low Salinities
•Most are marine organisms that have adapted to low saline environments
•Euryhaline = organisms that can tolerate wide ranges of salinity
•Stenohaline = organisms that can only tolerate a narrow range of salinity
![Page 10: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Changes in Salinity
•Organisms can:
•Swim or move away
•Close their shell
•Regulate their salinity
![Page 11: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Regulating Salinity•Osmoconformers = organisms that
allow their body salinity to change with the water
•Osmoregulators = organisms that keep the salinity in their body relatively constant
•Need to use active transport or osmosis depending on water salinity
![Page 12: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Plants and Salinity•Some plants have very high
tolerances to salinity
•Some have special pores to excrete salt
•Some take up extra water to dilute the salts (pickleweed and other succulents)
![Page 13: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Changes in Temperature
•Live in the mud
•Move
•Heat shock proteins
![Page 14: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dessication
•Close shells
•Move
•Burrow deeper
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Currents
•Burrow
•Locate areas downstream of jetties
•Byssal threads
•Glue
![Page 16: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mud is sticky•Organisms can burrow into it
•Move very slowly
•Changes in salinity are less in the substrate
•Can pump water through burrow to oxygenate or have hemoglobin to store oxygen better
•Plant roots can stabilize
![Page 17: Estuaries Chapter 12. Estuary Semi-enclosed area where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Hudson River Estuary,](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649e7a5503460f94b7a67a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Estuary Communities
•Open Water
•Mudflats
•Salt Marshes
•Seagrasses
•Oyster Beds
•Mangroves