Estimating the Optimal Location of a New Wind Farm based on Geospatial Information System Data
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Estimating the Optimal Location of a New Wind Farm based on Geospatial Information System Data
Dec.6 2007Chungwook Sim
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How does a Wind Turbine Works?
Generating the Power
- Inside the wind turbine
(retrieved from http://green.nationalgeographic.com)
- Blades
- Low-speed shaft, Gear box, High-speed shaft
- Generator
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- Numerical Weather Prediction model
“meso-scale”, “micro-scale”
- Wind Shear Profile
“atmospheric stability”, “roughness”
- Wind Speed at Hub height
- Annual Power prediction
General Sketch of the Project
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- Understand the stability influential factors of a wind shear profile
“Richardson Number”, “Monin-Obukhov Length”
- Use GIS to integrate various layers
“Multi-dimensional tools”,
“Spatial-analyst tools”
Objective of the Project
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- Navier-Stokes and Continuity Equation of the atmosphere
Physical Concepts of Boundary-Layer Flow
gt fupuuu 2)(2
- Reynolds-Averaged Equations and the Turbulent Momentum Flux
tgt fUUpUUU
2)(2
- Wind Speed
Tt
t ii tdtuT
tu )(1
)(
)()()( tutUtu iii )()( tutU ii
O
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- Mixing Length, Friction velocity, roughness length
Logarithmic Wind Shear Profile
tgt fUUpUUU
2)(2
jiijt uu ,
)()()( zUlzUlzUu z
22, Ul zijt
22, )( Uz zijt
z
u
zU xztz
*, 1
0
* ln)(z
zuzU
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- Richardson Number and Monin-Obukhov Length
Thermal Stratification on the Wind Shear Profile
zuHz
uU mz ,, *
*
)()()( zzTz Potential Temperature
),,( *3*
2* zuH
z
cu
gH
Uu
cgH
Rimpz
p
S
A
Richardson Number- Monin-Obukhov Length
gH
cuL p
3*
L
zzuH mm ,, *
*** CORRECTION of the Logarithmic Profile
2)(tan2
2
1ln
2
1ln2 1
2
x
xx
L
zm
L
z
L
zm 5
4/1
161
L
zx
L
z
z
zuzU m
0
* ln)(
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a) Choose various locations with different terrain conditions in Texas. >> http://ned.usgs.gov// >> http://www.geographynetwork.com/
b) Investigate and collect data of the topography and other stability conditions that can affect the wind power production.
c) Collect climate data of wind speed from NOAA online. >> http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/CDO/cdo
d) Collect the data of demography or energy consumption to determine the energy demand of each location. >>http://landcover.usgs.gov/classes.php
Data Collection
Data Catalog of National Centers for Enviornmental Prediction (NCEP)
NARR (North American Regional Reanalysis) dataset>> http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov:8085/thredds/catalog/narr/
- The operational model: Eta model
- Resolution: 32 km grid
- Data available: 1979 to current
- Directories: 3 hourly climatologies, daily, monthly
Format of the data (NetCDF)
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Data Verification- Comparison with TCOON Measurements
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0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
16m
Time (3 hour average)
Wind Speed(m/s)
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
507m
507c
Time (3 hour average)
Wind Speed(m/s)
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
16m
16c
Time (3 hour average)
Wind Speed(m/s)
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Time (3 hour average)
Wind Speed(m/s)
NARR v.s. TCOON Measurements
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Spreadsheet of Wind Shear Profile Correction
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Spreadsheet of Wind Shear Profile Correction
0 1 2 3 4 51
10
100
Wind Shear Profile Correction (Eagle Point Station 507_Sep.2 ,2007)
0:003:006:009:0012:0015:0018:0021:00
Wind Speed (m/s)
Height (m)Log-scale
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Wind Power of US
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Conditions at the Great Plain- Richardson Number
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Conclusions and Future Work
- GIS is useful in integrating a great number of variables
“Map Algebra” with scripts!
- NARR data catalog is useful in estimating climate related topics
“verification required near surface”
- Annual Power prediction v.s. Demand of Power?
“accuracy in wind speed at hub-height”
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Questions?