Estimating Benefits of Hydrologic Restoration and Freshwater … · 2014. 9. 17. · Estimating...
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Estimating Benefits of Hydrologic Restoration and Freshwater
Introduction Projects in Coastal Wetlands
Ron Boustany USDA/Natural Resources Conservation Service
Lafayette, LA
CEER 2014
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Area
(Spa
tial)
Time (Temporal)
Progradation Degradation
Delta Cycle
High River Influence High O2 High Mineral/Sediment High Nutrient Availability Low Plant Competition Mineral Soils High Bulk Density Geologically Driven
Low River Influence Low O2 Low Mineral/Sediment Low Nutrient Availability High Plant Competition Organic Soils Low Bulk Density Biologically Driven
Based on O’Neil 1949, Gosselink 1984, Sasser 1994, Swarzenski et al. 2008
Input > Output
Input = Output
Input < Output
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+1.0%
+0.5%
+0.25%
-0.25%
-0.5%
TIME
AREA
Annual Land Change Rates
0%
-1.0%
Prograding (Land Gain)
Degrading (Land Loss)
Input > Output
Input = Output
Input < Output
+2.0%
-2.0%
Inputs = organic + mineral accretion; Ouputs = subsidence + erosion + SLR
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Organic Fraction
Mineral Fraction
Wetland Soil Nutrients
Plant Production
Sediment
Export
(-)
(-) (+)
(+)
(-)
(+)
Salinity
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NSED2 Model: Calculates a benefit from nutrient and sediment introduction. SPROD2 Model: Calculates benefit from reduction in salinity.
Nutrients In situ Organic Production
Organic soil fraction
Export Denitrification
Burial (Immobilization)
Decomposition Export
Salinity Reduction
Sediment Mineral soil
fraction
Export
SPROD2
NSED2
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Gosselink et al. 1984
Patterns Consistency Predictability Model “remarkably constant”
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* Nyman et al. 1990, Hatton et al. 1983 ** Faulkner and Poach 1996
About 0.026 g cm-3 organic carbon in all soils
32.5%
16.3%
10.0%
3.0%0.08
0.160.24
0.835
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
Fresh/Intermediate Brackish Saline New Delta
% Organic C Bulk Density
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Bulk Density = 0.16 g cm-3 (Brackish Marsh)
% Organic = 16.25% Organic Fraction = BD * % Organic Organic Fraction = 0.16 * 0.1625 = 0.026 g cm-3
Production Rate (PR) = 2653 g m-2 y-1
= 0.2653 g cm-2 y-1
= 0.2653 g cm-3 y-1 (at 1 cm depth) % of Production in BD = (Organic Fraction)/(PR) (0.16 g cm-3)*(0.1625) ÷ (0.2653 g cm-3) = 9.8%
1 cm
Organic Fraction Calculation (NSED2 & SPROD2)
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0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435Salinity (ppt)
% Maximum Productivity
Fresh
Intermediate
Brackish
Saline
Reproduced from Snedden and Swenson 2012
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Central Terrebonne Freshwater Enhancement Project (TE-66)
Project Area – 48,446 acres 19,421 acres wetland 29,025 acres water
Loss Rate = -0.46%/y
(89.3 acres/y)
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Problem: Expanded breach in historic ridge that allows for more direct transfer of higher saline gulf marine waters to penetrate deep into the upper Central Terrebonne fresh and intermediate marshes. Goals: Reestablish historic hydrologic and salinity conditions by reducing the intrusion of gulf marine waters via the Grand Pass into the Central Terrebonne marshes. Solution: Construction of rock barge bay in pass to reduce 900 ft wide x 37 ft deep opening by 90% to 150 ft x 16 ft. Model: SPROD2 (STELLA 10.0.4)
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SPROD2 Model – Calculates the benefits of salinity reduction from freshwater introduction and/or structural features
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Module 1- Salinity Dilution Box Model Calculates the percent difference in salinity with the project.
SPROD2 Salinity/Production Model
1:10 PM Wed, Jul 09, 2014
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1:18 PM Wed, Jul 09, 2014
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12 22
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Module 2 – Marsh production factor calculator Calculates the percent difference in production within each marsh zone.
SPROD2 Salinity/Production Model
1:36 PM Wed, Jul 09, 2014
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Example of brackish marsh results.
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Module 3-Land Change Calculators Calculates the acres of land benefit within each marsh zone based upon the increase in organic production from salinity reduction.
SPROD2 Salinity/Production Model
1:40 PM Wed, Jul 09, 2014
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0.00 8100.00 16200.00 24300.00 32400.00
Hours
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-0.004
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1: I Acres 2: B Acres 3: S Acres 4: Salinity
1 1 1 122
2 23 3 3 3
4
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44
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Annual Land Loss Reduction Percent Calculator
Annual Net Change Calculator
SPROD2 Salinity/Production Model
14.3% reduction in land loss rate
Land Loss Spreadsheet
233 net acres in 20 yrs 1:10 PM Wed, Jul 09, 2014
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1: FWOP 2: FWP 3: ANNUAL LLR PERCENT 4: ANNUAL NET CHANGE
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Cameron-Creole Freshwater Introduction Project (CS-49)
Project Area = 22,240 acres 7,659 acres wetland 14,581 acres water
Loss Rate = -0.76%/y
(58.2 acres/y)
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Problem: Experiencing increased tidal exchange, saltwater intrusion, and reduced freshwater retention associated with the Calcasieu Ship Channel and the GIWW. Also recently impacted by hurricanes. Goals: The project would restore the function, value, and sustainability to approximately 22,247 acres of marsh and open water. Solution: Construction of ten 48-inch culverts in the bank of the GIWW to establish freshwater flow from the GIWW into the Cameron-Creole marshes. Model: NSED2 (STELLA 10.0.4)
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NSED2 Nutrient/Sediment Model
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NSED2 Nutrient/Sediment Model
Nutrient Module: calculates the acres of benefit from increase in nutrients.
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NSED2 Nutrient/Sediment Model
Sediment Module: calculates the acres of benefit from increase in sediments.
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Annual Net Change and Land Loss Reduction Percent Calculators
NSED2 Nutrient/Sediment Model Marsh Fill Calculator
156 net acres in 20 yrs
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Conclusions
• Desktop modeling has allowed us to quantify benefits of introducing nutrients, sediments and lowering salinities in a way that allows equitable comparison to all project types.
• By quantifying the benefits of nutrient, sediment and salinity reduction, we are able to provide estimates of cost/benefit to allow decision makers to make more informed decisions in selecting projects for funding.
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Questions?
Weeds or Organic Production?