Nano-Electronics Research Institute

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

(NeRI/AIST, Japan)

Startup Guide for ET2001 ADS

Establishing a High-precision

AC/DC Transfer Standard

using ET2001 ADS System

Introduction to AC-DC Transfer Standard

• Thermal Converter and AC-DC Difference

• Fast-Reversed DC (FRDC) Method

Contents

Description of ET2001 ADS System

• FRDC/DSS/TC/AMP Modules

• HF-TVC and LF-TVC

Calibration of Thermal Converters

• Evaluation of Reference TC

• Remote(e-trace)Calibration

• Calibration of Fluke 5790A(AC-DC)

Role of AC-DC Transfer Standard.　("Bridge" between DC voltage and AC voltage)

DC Voltage Standard

(Josephson Voltage Standard)

AC-Voltage Standard(rms)(10 Hz - 1 MHz)

AC-DCTransferStandard

PrecisionAC-Waveform

Synthesis

AC-DC Transfer Standard

Steady-State DC

ThermalConverter

VDC

VAC (t)

EDC

EAC( f )

Input Output

AC(Sine wave)

=V DC

VAC V DC-δAC-DC(f) EDCEAC =for

Definition of AC-DC Difference

AC-DC Difference of a Thermal Converter

AC-DC Difference and Thermal Converter

Heater

Thermocouple

Support Lead

Bead

Glass Bulb

Thermal Converter Element

Single-Junction Thermal Converter

--- Developed in 1950's and still in use ---

AC-DC Difference Comparator [1]

TEEUUT(X) REF(S)

nVMeterTVCTVC

nVMeter

ACSource

DCSource

AC-DC Switch

Schematic diagram of an AC-DC difference comparator system.

DC (+/-)AC(Sine wave)

写真

AC-DC Difference Comparator [2]

Characteristic of a Thermal Converter

0100 10 k

δTE

(Thermal Ripple)

(Stray L,C)

(DC Offset) f (Hz)

δAC-DC

10 1 M

Frequency characteristics of AC-DC difference of a thermal converter

Low-Frequency Characteristics

--> Fast-Reversed DC Measurement

High-Frequency Characteristics

Thermoelectric Transfer Difference

Basic Concept of Fast-Reversed DC Method ---Proposed by M. Klonz (PTB) in 1990 ---

FRDC

DC(+)

DC(-)

DC+

DC-

ThermalConverter

Nano-Voltmeter

FRDC Waveforms

Fast-Reversed DC Method

Measurement Circuit

Temperature gradient due to thermoelectric effect is developed at DC mode.

Joulecomponent

Thomsoncomponent

T

DC[+] DC[-] Slow Switching Fast Switching

(a) (b) (c) (d)

t t t t

xxxx

T T T

Thermoelectric Effects in TC Element

Evaluation of Thermoelectric Effect in Thermal Converter

Same temperature gradient is developed at slow-switching condition.

Temperature gradient is not developed for fast-switching condition.

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

0.1 1 10 100 1000 1000

Switching Frequency (Hz)

FR

DC

-DC

Diff

eren

ce (µ

V/V

)

SJTC S10-28

SJTC S10-45

SJTC S10-32

SJTC S12-57

MJTC N136

SJTC S6-8 MJTC PTB73

MJTC GL32472

Thermoelectric Transfer Difference

Thermoelectric transfer difference of various types of thermal converters evaluated by FRDC-DC difference measurements

System Components

TC Module: Thermal converter with optically isolated digital output

FRDC Module: Precision quasi-rectangular waveform generator

DSS Module: Precision AC (sin) and DC voltage source

PS/IF Module: Low-noise power supply with USB-serial interface

Application

Establishing a primary standard:

TC module calibrated by FRDC module,

DSS module and HF-TVC

Remote ("e-trace") calibration:

TC module (and DSS module) used as a

traveling standard.

HF-TVC: TVC with calculable High-Frequency characteristic

ET2001 ADS System (Overview)

Schematic diagram of FRDC(Fast-Reversed DC) module

ET2001 ADS System (FRDC Module)

FRDCOUT

12-bitDAC

Source A

INVSequenceController

12-bitDAC

Source B

INV

MicroController

Opto- Couplers

ToPS/IF

A circuit module to generate of DC and FRDC waveforms using "Source A/B switching" circuit. (Developed at AIST in cooperation with Sunjem Co.)　Output Voltage : 1 V - 10 V　Switching Frequency : 0.1 Hz - 10 kHz

A circuit module to generate highly stable DC and AC(sine) waveform using a DDS chip. (Developed at AIST in cooperation with Sunjem Co.)　Output Voltage : 1 V - 10 V　Output Frequency : 10 Hz　- 1 MHz

ET2001 ADS System (DSS Module)

Buffer

DDSCircuit

DC-

DC+

AC

12-bitDAC

ToPS/IF

DSSOUT

MicroController

Opto- Couplers

FrequencyGenerator

Schematic diagram of DSS(Digital Sine-wave Synthesis) module

TC module

A circuit module to measure output EMF of a Thermal Converter

element using 24-bit A/D converter. (Developed at AIST in

cooperation with Sunjem Co.)

ET2001 ADS System (TC/AMP Module)

TC

Hi

Lo

Hi

Lo

24-bitADC

12-bitDAC

TCINPUT

ToPS/IF

MicroController

Opto- Couplers

Hi

Lo

Hi

Lo

24-bitADC

12-bitDAC

ToPS/IF

MicroController

Opto- Couplers

Ext. TC

AMPINPUT

AMP module

Polyimide Film

Input-Lo

Input-Hi

Output-Hi

Output-Lo

Thermocouple (Bi/Sb)Heater

(NiCr)

AlN Chip

Alumina Frame

Thermal Converter (Element)

New Thin-Film Multi-Junction Thermal Converter (MJTC)

Type JSTC04 developed at AIST in cooperation with Nikkohm Co.

To TC(UUT)(Type N-P)

Output(LEMO 3 pin)

To AC/DC Source(SMA)

TC element(Nikkohm JSTC04)

Reference Plane

Thermal Converter (HF-TVC)

Virtual-Tee configuration: TC element directly connected to the reference plane.

High-Frequency Thermal Voltage Converter (HF-TVC)

HF-TVC(Frequency Characteristic)

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

10 100 1000

Frequency(kHz)

AC

-DC

Diff

eren

ce(p

pm)

Ave(cal)

1s(cal)

+1s(fit)

-1s(fit)

Nom(fit)

+2s(fit)

-2s(fit)

Calculated Frequency Characteristic of a 500Ω input HF-TVC

Thermal Converter (Variation)

Frequency Range

Feature

TC Element

Input Resistance

Time Constant

Sensitivity

Reversal Error

Chassis

Lower-Frequency5 Hz - 100 Hz

Reduced ThermalRipple

JSTC06LF(*)

500 Ω< 10 ppm/K

6 s

0.8 mV /mW

< 10 ppm (*)

LF-TVC

General Purpose10 Hz - 1 MHz

Small ThermoelectricEffect

JSTC06(*)

50 Ω - 2 kΩ< 25 ppm/K

2 s

0.8 mV /mW

< 10 ppm (*)

MF-TVC / TC-Module

Higher-Frequency10k Hz - 1 MHz

Calculable FrequencyCharacteristics

JSTC04

500 Ω< 25 ppm/K

3 s

0.6 mV /mW

< 100 ppm

HF-TVC

* Under Development / Evaluation

0100 10 k

δTE

ThermalRipple

Stray L,C

(DC Offset)

f (Hz)

δAC-DC

10 1 M

Evaluation of AC-DC difference of a thermal converter using

ET2001 ADS system (Self-Calibration)

TC(X)

DSS

AMP

HF-TVC(S)

TC(X)

DSS TC(X)

LF Characteristics DC Offset

FRDC

HF Characteristics

Evaluation of Thermal Converter (Scheme)

Evaluation of TC (Over-all Procedure)

(REF)

ACLF

Evaluation Stage

Comparison Stage

DSSModule

FRDCModule

TCModule

HF-TVC

LF-TVC

TCModule

AC-AC

FRDC-DC

AC-AC

(UUT)

(Transfer)

TCModule

AC-DC

AC-DC

AC-DC

TC(X)FRDC

Evaluation of TC (DC Offset / Setup)

FRDCModule

TCModule

UUT(X)

Evaluation of Low-Frequency Characteristics of TC Module using

ET2001 ADS system

FRDC Waveform

0.1 Hz - 10 kHz

101 100 1000

FRDC-DC difference measurement to determine thermoelectric transfer difference (DC offset) of a thermal converter.

-2.00

-1.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

0.1

Reversing Frequency (Hz)

TC: MKD#07 FRDC: #001

@10V

Data

Fitting

FR

DC

-DC

Diff

eren

ce

(x10-6)

Evaluation of TC (DC Offset / Data)

(10 Hz - 100 Hz)

Evaluation of TC (LF Characteristic / Setup)

DSSModule

TCModule

UUT(X)

TC(X)DSS

Evaluation of low-frequency characteristics of a TC Module

using DSS module as a reference standard,

LF-AC Waveform

10 Hz - 1 kHz

Frequency (Hz)

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

0 20 40 60 80 100

TC: MKD#07

DSS :#001

10 V

Fitting

8 V 6 V

AC

-DC

Diff

eren

ce

(x10-6)

Evaluation of TC (LF Characteristic / Data)

An example of low-frequency characteristic of a thermal converter. Linear part of the frequency dependence of the AC-DC difference is due to rms error of DSS module.

Evaluation of High-Frequency Characteristics of TC Module

Evaluation of TC (HF Characteristic / Setup)

DSS

AMP

HF-TVC

(S)

TC(X)UUT(X)

TCModule

AMPModule

HF-TVC

DSSModule

1 kHz - 1 MHzAC Waveform

AC-DC difference comparison between UUT(Unit Under Test: X) and a

HF-TVC as a Reference(S) at frequencies between 10 kHz to 1 MHz.

Frequency (kHz)

0 200 400 600 800 1000-20

0

20

40

60

80

TC: MKD#07HF-TVC: #4003

Data

Fitting

@10V

AC

-AC

Diff

eren

ce

(x10-6)

Frequency (Hz)

Evaluation of TC (HF Characteristic / Data)

An example of high-frequency characteristic of a thermal converter measured against a reference HF-TVC using an AC-DC difference comparator.

TCModule

TEE

DSSModule

Traveling Standard

UUT(X2)

TCModule

REF(S)

Remote Calibration (Setup)

DSS

TC(S)TC(X)

Calibration of a thermal converter using ET2001 ADS system

Use TC module (and DSS module) as a traveling standard.

TCModule

AC-DC difference comparison

between UUT(X1) and UUT(X2)

through REF(S)

UUT(X1)

(x10-6)

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k 1 M

Self Calibration

Remote Calibration

AC

-DC

Diff

eren

ce

TC: MKD#07 @10V

(a) Result of Self Calibration of a TC module (MKD#07)

(b) Result of a Remote Calibration of a TC module(MKD#07) by NMIJ

Remote Calibration (Data)

Frequency (Hz)

Calibration of a thermal converter using ET2001 ADS system

Fluke 5790A AMPModule

HF-TVC

DSSModule

AC-DC Transfer mode

Type ET2001 AC-DC Standard System

Calibration of Fluke 5790A [1]

An example of calibration for AC-DC transfer function of Fluke 5790A AC Voltage Standard.

Fluke 5790A

AMP

Module

HF-

TVC

DSS

Module

Calibration of Fluke 5790A [2]

F5790A cal by 4X08(N) and 4Z03(BP)

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

10 100 1000 10000 100000

Frequency (Hz)

AC-DCDifference(ppm)

JUL26(BP)

JUL25(N)

JUL22(N-R)

JUL24(N-R)

JUL27(BP)

Calibration of Fluke 5790A [3]

Result of Calibration (10 Hz to 100 kHz, 5V)

Cal. by 4X08(N-R) and 4Z03 (BP)

Quick-Start Manual for ET2001 ADS system

Further References (Manuals)

A Guide for establishing primary AC-DC transfer

standard using ET2001 ADS system

Technical Reference for JSTC Thermal Converters

Technical Reference for ET2001 ADS System

(1) Hardware Manual(2) Software Manual