Essentials ofnationalparalegal.edu/Slides_New/Sociology/ER_9e/Slides_07.pdfn An Overview of Social...
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Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Essentials of Essentials of Sociology Sociology
9 th Edition
Chapter 7: Social Stratification Chapter 7: Social Stratification
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
n An Overview of Social Stratification
n Why is Social Stratification Universal?
n Conflict Perspective on Social Stratification
How Did the World’s Nations Become Stratified? Three Worlds Maintaining Global Stratification
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Chap Chapter Overview ter Overview
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
“A system in which groups of people are divided into layers according to their relative power, property and prestige.”
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What is Social What is Social Stratification? Stratification?
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slavery – Causes and Conditions varied around the world Caste – was India’s main system of formal stratification until 1948, boundaries are rigid Class – The U.S. system of stratification, boundaries are fluid
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Three Main Types of Social Three Main Types of Social Stratification Stratification
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Marx – Social Class is divided into the bourgeoisie (those who control the means of production) and the proletariats (those who are exploited by the bourgeoisie)
WeberSocial Class is defined as people who share similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige
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Marx and Weber Marx and Weber – – Social Social Class Class
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Figure 7. here
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Figure 7.1 The Distribution of the Earth’s Wealth Source: By the author. Based on Rofthkopf 2008:37.
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Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Davis and Moore: 1.All positions must be filled 2.Some positions are more important than others 3.The more important positions must be filled by the more qualified people
4.Greater rewards need to be offered in order to entice qualified people
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The Functionalist Perspective The Functionalist Perspective on Social Stratification on Social Stratification
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
How do we know the positions most rewarded are most important? Society should be a meritocracy, it’s not. If stratification is functional, it should benefit everyone.
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Why is Social Why is Social Stratification Universal? Stratification Universal? Tumin’s Critique of Davis and Moore
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Gaetano Mosca argued that every society will be controlled by power. In his book, The Ruling Class, he states this is so because: 1)No society can exist unless it is organized. This requires leadership of some sort in order to coordinate people’s action and get society’s work done.
2)Leadership requires inequalities of power. By definition, some people take leadership positions, while others follow.
3) Human nature is selfcentered. Therefore, people in power will use their positions to seize greater rewards for themselves.
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The Conflict Perspective on The Conflict Perspective on Global Stratification Global Stratification
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Controlling Information – the elite manipulate the media by selectively releasing information and by withholding information Controlling ideas – Divine Right of Kings New technology – the elite can use new technology to keep the masses in check
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How do Elites maintain How do Elites maintain stratification? stratification?
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
First World Industrialized Capitalist Nations
Second World – Industrializing Nations
Third World –Least Industrialized Nations
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Figure 7.3 Global Stratification: Income1 of the World’s Nations
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
tFigure 7.3 (continued) Global Stratification: Income1 of the World’s Nations 1Income is a country’s purchasing power parity based on a country’s Gross Domestic Product, where the value of a country’s goods and services are valued at prices prevailing in the United States. Totals vary from year to year and should be considered as approximations. 2Botswana’s income is based largely on its diamond mines. 3Iraq’s oil wealth has been disrupted by war. Source: By the author. Based on CIA World Factbook 2010.
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Colonialism – countries that industrialized first were able to conquer weaker nations
World System Theory – Industrialization led to 4 groups of nations: core nations, semiperiphery, periphery, and external area
Culture of Poverty – a way of life that perpetuates poverty from one generation to the next
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How did the world’s nations How did the world’s nations become stratified? become stratified?
Global Stratification Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Neocolonialism: Most Industrialized Nations selling the Least Industrialized Nations goods on credit turns them into eternal debtors
Multinational Corporations: companies that operate across many national boundaries exploit the Least Industrialized Nations
Technology and Global Domination: The Most Industrialized Nations can invest huge sums into the latest technology
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Maintaining Global Stratification Maintaining Global Stratification