Essential Question: What were the important causes ... · King Louis XIV was the most powerful king...
Transcript of Essential Question: What were the important causes ... · King Louis XIV was the most powerful king...
■EssentialQuestion:–Whatweretheimportantcauses&effectsoftheFrenchRevolution?
DoNow■Onyouripadorblankpieceofpaperwritedownoneexampleonwhatisneededtoconsiderarevolutionassuccessful.■Whengiventhesignalstandupandmeetwith6differentclassmatesandexchangeyouranswers.Youmustsitdownwithalistofatleast6differentresponses.
ReasonsfortheFrenchRevolutionInthe1700s,Francewastheculturalcapitalof
Europe,hometonumerousEnlightenmentthinkers,&hadwealthfromcoloniesKingLouisXIVwasthemostpowerfulkingin
Europe;Afterhisdeathin1715,LouisXV&LouisXVIcontinuedtoruleFranceasabsolutemonarchs
KingLouisXIVKingLouisXVI
But,political&economicproblemsledtotheFrench
Revolutionin1789
OneproblemwasFrance’sunequalsocialhierarchythatwasmadeupofthreeclasses(estates)
Owned10%oflandinFrancebutpaidlittleintaxestothegov’t
TheclergyoftheRomanCatholicChurchmadeuptheFirstEstate
OneproblemwasFrance’sunequalsocialhierarchythatwasmadeupofthreeclasses(called
estates)
Owned20%ofFrenchlandbutwereexemptfrompayingtaxes
TheSecondEstatewasmadeupofrichnobles
OneproblemwasFrance’sunequalsocialhierarchythatwasmadeupofthreeclasses(called
estates)
Thisgrouppaid50%oftheirincomeintaxes
TheThirdEstatemadeup97%ofthepopulation&includedpoorpeasants
but also the well-educatedmiddleclass(bourgeoisie)
ThemembersoftheThirdEstateresentedthespecialtreatmenttheFirst&SecondEstatesreceived
MembersoftheThirdEstategainedinspirationfromtheEnlightenmentideasofLocke,Voltaire,&
RousseauAfterthesuccessoftheAmericanRevolution,theThirdEstatebegandemandingdemocracy,
equality, & liberty in France
Socialtensionsweremadeworsebyagrowingfinancialcrisisinthe1770s&1780s
GOVERNMENT DEBTS(percentage
of total government revenue)
TheFrenchgovernmentfacedmassivedebtsduetodecadesoflavish
spending,expensivewars,&pooreconomicplanningBy1789,halfthebudgetwenttowardsinterest onthenationaldebt;25%ofpeoplewereunemployedTheexcessivespendingbyKingLouisXVI&hiswifeMarieAntoinetteangered
FrenchcitizensMarieAntoinette,“MadameDeficit”
By1789,Francewasoutofmoney&facedaseriousfinancialcrisis
LouisXVIcalledanemergencymeetingoftheEstates-Generalwheremembersfromall3classescouldadvisetheking
DuringtheEstates-General, theFirst&SecondEstatesvotedtoincreasetaxesontheThirdEstate
TheFirst&SecondEstatesdecidedtovotebyorder(1voteperestate)ratherthanbyhead(byperson)ThesedecisionsangeredthemembersoftheThirdEstatewhobelievedtheirrightswerebeingviolated
TheThirdEstatestormedourofthemeetingandwenttoLouis’tennis
courts.Theretheyformedanew
NationalAssemblytomakelawsfortheFrenchpeople
In1789,theNationalAssemblysworetoaTennisCourtOathpromisinganewconstitution&limitationsontheking’spower
TheNationalAssemblywrotetheirrevolutionaryidealsintheDeclarationoftheRightsofManandoftheCitizenwhichsaid:“Menarebornfreeand
equalinrights”
Rightsinclude“liberty,property,security,&
resistancetooppression”
Itguaranteedfreedomofspeech,&freedomof
religion,&equaljustice
Meanwhile,theeconomiccrisiscontinuedAngryprotestorsinParisdemandednewreforms
Citizenswerewithoutfood&facedstarvation
WhenrumorscirculatedthatthekingwasgoingtosendhisarmytoParis,citizensattackedtheprisonBastilletoseizeweaponstodefendthemselves
ThestormingoftheBastillein1789representedthebeginningoftheFrenchRevolution
In1791,LouisXVIfinallyagreedtoanewconstitutionthatlimitedhispower&createdalimitedmonarchy
But,LouisXVIfailedtoworkwiththeNationalAssembly&France’problemscontinued
QuickClassDiscussion:Whatshouldthe
NationalAssemblydotosolveFrance’sproblems?
FearingthespreadofFrance’srevolutionaryideas,Austria&PrussiaassembledarmiestorestoreFrance’s
absolutemonarchy
In1792,radicalstookcontrolofFrance&madeimportantdecisions:
In1793,KingLouisXVIwasarrested,convictedoftreason,&executed
byguillotine
WarwasdeclaredagainstAustria&Prussiaand300,000FrenchsoldiersweredraftedintoanationalarmyinordertodefendFranceTheFrenchmonarchywasoverthrown&democraticrepublicwascreatedcalledtheNationalConvention
ThesloganoftheFrenchRevolutionbecame:“Liberty,Equality,
Fraternity”
TheGuillotine
TheradicalleadersoftheNationalConventionfearedthat“enemiesoftherevolution”would
trytooverthrowthenewrepublicIn1793,radical
MaximilienRobespierreslowlygainedcontroloftheNationalConventionFrom1793to1794,Robespierreexecuted40,000“traitors”duringaneraknownasthe
ReignofTerrorTheReignofTerrorendedwhenFrenchcitizensturnedonRobespierre
&executedhim
Therevolutioncametoanendin1795,butFrancewasinchaos
Theeconomiccrisishadnotbeensolved&
peoplefacedstarvation
England,Holland,SpainjoinedAustria&PrussiainthewaragainstFrance
TheNationalConventionwasreplacedbyFrance’sthirdgov’tinsixyearscalledtheDirectory
TheDirectoryprovedtobeineffective&corrupt
NapoleonBonaparte
In1799,aFrenchmilitarygeneralnamedNapoleonBonaparteledarevolt&seizedpower
inFranceAsemperorofFrance,Napoleonintroducedneededreforms,
defeatedforeignarmies,&conqueredamassive
Frenchempire
FranceunderNapoleonFrenchsociety,politicsandreligionschangeddrasticallyunderNapoleon.
•NapoleonchangedFrance’seconomyforthebetter.Hemadetaxesfair,heincreasedtrade,andimprovedFrance’sbankinginfrastructure.•ReligiousFreedom:Napoleonabolishedslaveryandserfsandprovidedreligiousfreedomforall.•EducationSystem:Napoleonrealizedtheimportanceofthemiddleclass,soheofferedfreepubliceducationtoallpeople.HebelievedthataneducatedFrancewouldbeabetterFrance.
FranceunderNapoleoncontinues
■However,noteverythingwassoperfect.UnderNapoleon:– TheFrenchcitizenslosttheirfreedomofspeech.Napoleonwouldarrestanyonewhospokebadabouthisgovernment.
– ManywomenwhohadgainedrightsduringtheRevolution,nowhadthoserightstakenaway.
– BecauseNapoleonwasamilitaryleader,hewasalwaysfightingwars.ManysonsweredraftedintoFrance’sarmyandforcedtofightunderhim.
Homework:DueNextweek■Writeaparagraphansweringthefollowingquestion:–WastheFrenchRevolutionsuccessful?
■ Inyourparagraph,besuretoincludeclaim,evidencetobackupyourclaim,andacounterclaim(Opinionoppositetoyours).
■ Alwaysremember,whenyougiveacounterclaim,besuretothenexplainwhythatcounterclaimisincorrect.
■ StartbymakingaTchart,tobrainstormideas.