Essential Question (EQ):

•Can I identify the purpose of cellular respiration and name its inputs & outputs?

•Can I differentiate between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Living organisms use energy for:• Synthesis (Means:___ _______.-building body parts)

• Reproduction• Transporting materials in and out of cells

• Movement• Temperature Control (endothermic organisms)

Which of the above processes require the most energy?

Autotrophs—Convert sun’s energy to chemical energy (glucose) through photosynthesis

Heterotrophs—Eat food that contains chemical energy (glucose)

BUT—our cells cannot use glucose!! They need to convert the energy in glucose into another type of energy.What is that energy called?!

Oil contains chemical energy, but it must be converted to gasoline before it can be used in a car.

Glucose (food) contains chemical energy, but it must be converted to ATP (another type of energy) before our cells can use it.

In other words, ATP Is the “gas” our cells run on. ATP

Adenosine Tri-phosphate

ATP works like a rechargeable battery.

Energy is created by converting ATP to ADP.

Adenine

Ribose

P P P

3 Phosphates

Adenosine

Now the battery is uncharged!

P P =

Likewise, by combing a third phosphate group, ADP can be converted to ATP.

PP P =

Organisms convert glucose (food energy) into ATP (energy our cells use) through the process of cellular respiration

ATPglucosesugars

When you eat

lunch, many

chemical

reactions

occur.

In Essence, all you are doing is recharging you ATP.•Because in order to do anything—flexing muscles, thinking, whatever –your immediate source of energy is ATP.

Z

Z

Z

Z

Z

Glycolysis

Pyruvic acid

High Energy Electrons

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

Step 1: in cytoplasm

Step 2: in mitochondria

Step 3: in mitochondria

glucosesugars

O2

CO2 H2O

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Glucose + Oxygen Carbon + Water + ATP (sugar) Dioxide

6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight Glucose +

Oxygen (sugar)

1 molecule of glucose usually makes 36 ATP molecules•2 ATP’s during Glycolysis•34 ATP’s during Kreb’s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

Remember, O2 is a reactant in cellular respiration. • This is why we need to breathe oxygen to live (so our cell’s have energy to carry out their processes).

If oxygen is not present, then cells can use fermentation to make a LITTLE bit of ATP. (2 ATP)

2 types: 1. Alcoholic fermentation: Used by yeast, and other microorganisms.• The process of alcoholic fermentation is used to make beer, wine and bread.

2. Lactic Acid fermentation: Used by animals• Converts glucose to ATP and lactic acid

• What causes the “burn” in muscles when you exercise hard.

Only produces 2 ATP’s per glucose molecule instead of 36 ATP’s.

We cannot function long on lactic acid fermentation. This is why you cannot sprint when you are running a marathon.