■Essential QuestionEssential Question: –What are the major political,

economic, & social themes of the “Age of Jackson”?

■Warm-Up QuestionWarm-Up Question:–Prepare for

unit 5 review game (“inter- galactic death match”)

Unit 5 Review ■Each group will be presented a

prompt & will list as many correct answers as possible (unless a cap is provided) within 1 minute

■Groups earn 1 point per correct response; If any part of the response is incorrect, teams receive no points for that round

■The winning group earns 105, others earn 100, 95, 90, 85…

PromptPromptIdentify 4 causes or effects of the increase in suffrage

from 1820 to 1840

■ Causes:–Fewer property

or tax payer qualifications

–Westward expansion; No landed elite in the west

–Shift from republic of “virtuous” leaders to democracy of “common men”

■ Effects:–White men eligible

to vote rose from 50% to 90% (universal white male suffrage)

–Parties used new techniques to get common man votes

–Rise of Jackson, Democrats, Whigs

–Rise in voter participation

PromptPromptIdentify 3 direct

comparisons between the Democrats & Whigs

The 2nd Two-Party SystemDemocratsDemocrats

■ Pro-Jackson coalition in 1824

■ States’ rights, agrarian farming, & Western expansion

■ Laissez-faire & opposition to banks

■ Supported by rural South & West, some urban workers

WhigsWhigs■ Anti-Jackson

coalition in 1834■ Strong central gov’t,

urban industry, & commercial growth

■ National & state-directed economy

■ Supported by NE, NW, merchants, & some planters

The heirs to Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans

The heirs to Hamiltonian Federalists

Both parties had national (rather than exclusively regional) appeal

Who formed the party?

Beliefs about gov’t & the economy?

Who should direct the economy?

What type of American supported the party?

PromptPrompt Identify as many people

from this unit (1825-1840) & their claim to fame

■ Politics: –Tocqueville–JQ Adams–Henry Clay: –Andrew Jackson–Van Buren–John C Calhoun–Harrison, Tyler–Nicholas Biddle –Peggy Eaton –John Marshall–Webster/Hayne

■ Literature: –Hawthorne, Poe,

Melville, Whitman–Emerson, Thoreau

■ Reform:–Dix, Stanton, Mott,

Mann, Garrison, Douglass, Tubman

–Charles G Finney ■ Economic:

–Slater, Lowell, Whitney Fulton, Deere, McCormick

PromptPrompt Identify 3 causes & 3 effects

of the nullification crisis

■ Causes:–High tariffs in

1828 & 1832 to promote industry

–Tariff of Abom. Hurts the South

–“States’ rights” by John C Calhoun

–Precedents est in Jefferson’s KY Resolution & Webster;Hayne debate

■ Effects:–Jackson’s Force Bill

asserted the nat'l gov't over the states

–Clay’s compromise tariff in 1833

–Precedents: Southern threats of secession & use of force by president to preserve unity

PromptPrompt Identify “nationalism” & “sectionalism” trends

from Jefferson to Jackson (1800-1840)

■ Nationalsim:–LA Purchase –“Victory” in War of

1812–Monroe & Era of

Good Feelings–Monroe Doctrine,

Adams-Onis, etc–Marshall Court –American System–Market & Transp.

Revolutions–Indian Removal

■ Sectionalism:–Missouri Comp 1820–Nullification Crisis –Tariffs –States Rights –King Cotton –Growth of slavery –Growth in industry &

cities in North –Rise of abolitionism

PromptPrompt Identify 4 causes & 4 effects

of the Bank War

■ Causes:–BUS & Biddle

seen as elitist–BUS “caused”

panics in the past–Constitutional? –Jackson’s rivalry

with Clay –Clay’s desire to

renew the BUS charter early as part of his prez campaign bid

■ Effects:–Jackson vetoed the

re-charter & killed BUS via pet banks

–Killed Am System –Increased power of

presidency –Criticisms led to

formation of Whigs–Helped lead to the

Panic of 1837

Prompt Prompt Identify 8 changes that took place during the Early Antebellum Era

(1800-1840)

■ Westward expansion & new U.S. borders ■ Emergence of King Cotton ■ Commercial overtook subsistence farming■ Urbanization, Industrialization in North ■ Immigration (Irish, German, Nativism)■ Common man & growth of democracy ■ Market & Transportation Revolutions■ Removal of Indians east of Miss River ■ 2nd Great Awakening & social reforms■ Increased power of president■ Elite, virtuous president to common man prez ■ Increasing nationalism & sectionalism■ 1 party (Dem-Rep) to 2 parties (Dems & Whigs)

PromptPromptName 8 characteristics of the Market Revolution

■ Regional economic specialization:–Northern industry, urbanization, rise of

the factory system (Lowell Mill) –Southern cotton & expansion of slavery–Western commercial farming

■ American System: tariff, transp, BUS ■ Irish, German immigration for jobs & land ■ New industrial & farm technologies ■ Decline of “putting out” & barter systems■ Trade, cotton = 60% of U.S. exports &

world bought 75% of cotton from USA■ Economic self-sufficiency for USA

PromptPromptIdentify a facts

about each election:1. Election of 18242. Election of 18283. Election of 18324. Election of 1836

5. Election of 1840

■ 1824: “corrupt bargain; 4 way race: JQ Adams, Clay, Jackson, Crawford; Clay named Sec of State; Adams won

■ 1828: 1st time Democratic Party; Jackson vs Adams, Jackson won, spoils system, Calhoun VP

■ 1832: Jackson vs Clay, Jackson won, BUS was main issue

■ 1836: Van Buren won with Jackson’s support; Whigs ran 3 candidates

■ 1840: 2-party system (Dems & Whigs), Van Buren vs. Harrison, Panic of 1837 was main issue, “Tippecanoe”, 82% voters

PromptPrompt Identify each

social change or reform:1. Temperance2. Seneca Falls 3. Dorthea Dix

4. Horace Mann 5. Cult of Domesticity

6. William Lloyd Garrison

■ Temperance: attacked alcohol abuse

■ Seneca Falls: Women’s rights; Stanton/Mott; Declaration of Sentiments

■ Dix: Prison & asylum reform

■ Mann: Public education

■ Cult of Domesticity: separate sphere for women; Home & children

■ Garrison: American Anti-Slavery Society; The Liberator; Abolitionism

PromptPrompt Name 4 characteristics of

the transportation revolution

■ Types of Transportation:–Turnpikes, National Road–Canals, Erie Canal (1st major link b/w

East & West; importance of NY City)–Steamboats allowed 2-way travel –Emergence of railroads, esp in North

■ Impact: –90% decrease in transportation costs for

western farmers; increased profits–Manufactured goods from East to West;

Farm goods from West to East–Facilitated the market revolution

PromptPrompt Name 3 characteristics of the 2nd Great Awakening

■ Religious enthusiasm in response to declining church attendance & devotion

■ Evangelists used mass techniques to appeal to masses; Tent revivals

■ Emphasized self-improvement & inspired social reformers of the 1830s

■ Began in West; Burned-over district of NY; reached all regions of country

■ Charles G Finney & emotional preaching

■ New religions: Mormons, Shakers, Onedia

■ Growth in Baptists & Methodists

PromptPrompt “Define” each event of Jackson’s presidency:

1. Petticoat Affair 2. Spoils System

3. Maysville Road 4. Specie Circular 5. Kitchen Cabinet

■ Petticoat Affair: Peggy Eaton affair led to resignation of Jackson’s cabinet

■ Spoils System: Jacksonian precedent of rewarding party loyalty with patronage

■ Maysville Road: Jackson veto of road in Kentucky; “not a national project”

■ Specie Circular: All western lands sales must be in “specie” (gold or silver); helped cause Panic of 1838

■ Kitchen Cabinet: Informal advisors who Jackson relied on after Peggy Eaton Affair

PromptPrompt Identify 3 direct

comparisons between the Federalists &

Democratic-Republicans

The 1st Two-Party SystemDemocratic-RepubsDemocratic-Repubs

■ Thomas Jefferson■ States’ rights &

individual liberties ■ Strict interpretation

of the Constitution■ Strongest support

in South & West ■ Supported by

planters & farmers

FederalistsFederalists■ Alexander Hamilton■ Strong central gov’t

& economic planning■ Loose interpretation

of the Constitution■ Strongest support

in the North■ Supported by urban

workers, merchants, & the wealthy

Leader of the party?

Beliefs about gov’t?

Interpreting the Constitution?

Strongest regional support?

What type of American supported the party?

Prompt Prompt Name 3 events of the

Van Buren presidency

■ Panic of 1837

■ “Van Ruin” had no response to Panic

■ Strengthening of Whigs from 1836 to 1840

■ Election of Harrison in 1840