Essence of Jainism

-Tattvartha

Sutra

Essence of Jainism

-Tattvartha

Sutra

C 1997 by The Jain Center of Greater Boston., Inc. All rights reserved.

Mini-Presentation

Jain Center of Greater BostonVersion A1.0, November 1998

Jain Center of BostonJain Center of Boston

Yogendra Jain (Coordinator)

Dr. Sanjay Jain

Manish Kasliwal

Parimal Pandya

Archit Shah

Nitin Sogani

Preeti Jain (Graphics)

Tattvartha SutraTattvartha Sutra

Teachings of Mahavira

Scripture to learn All That Is (Jain Religion, Ethics, Philosophy)

Written by (Acharya) Umasvati in the second century

Translated by Dr. Nathmal Tatia

Accepted by all Jain Sects

The Goal of Human Life is

Liberation

Liberation is Perfect

Knowledge, Perfect

Intuition, and Eternal Bliss

All Knowledge is Partial Truth Except Omniscience

Author’s AssumptionsAuthor’s Assumptions

Liberation

Omniscience

The Goal of Human Life is

Liberation

Liberation is Perfect

Knowledge, Perfect

Intuition, and Eternal Bliss

All Knowledge is Partial Truth Except Omniscience

Author’s AssumptionsAuthor’s Assumptions

Liberation

Omniscience

Roots of Tattvartha SutraRoots of Tattvartha Sutra

500 BC Mahavira’s Teachings << transmitted by his disciples>>100 AD Written in Sanskrit by Umaswati

1900’s: Several English Translations

1997 : Toronto Jain Convention: First multi-media presentation by Jain Center of Greater Boston

Our AgendaOur Agenda(Part 1)

Introduction

Who Am I

Enlightened Person

Six Universal Sub.

Knowledge

Anekantvad

Soul’s Link to the World

<Break>

(Part 2)

Karmic Bondage

Inhibiting and Wearing off Karma

Vows

14 Gunsthans

Meditation

Liberation

Discussions

Essence of JainismEssence of Jainism

Non-Violence (Ahimsa) Strengthens the autonomy of life of

every being

Non-One-Sideness(Anekantavad) Strengthens the autonomy of thought of

every individual

Non-Possession (Aparigraha) Strengthens the interdependence

of all existence

Who Am I?Who Am I?

? Why am I here?

From where did I come?

Where am I going?

Who am I ?Who am I ?

I am a symbiosis of physical and spiritual substances

Why am I here?I am here to realize who I am

From where did I come?I come from the past karmic influences

Where am I going?I am moving towards liberation

Fundamentals of ExistenceFundamentals of Existence

Beginninglessness

Dynamic Interplay of Physical and Spiritual Reality

Cause and Effect (through Karma)

Enlightened Person

Enlightened Person

Wandering Souls

TIME AW

AR

EN

ES

S

The Journey StartsThe Journey Starts

Path to Liberation (Three Jewels)

Path to Liberation (Three Jewels)

Enlightened World-View (Samyak Darshan)

Enlightened Knowledge (Samyak Gyan) Types of Knowledge

Bhavanas

Enlightened Conduct (Samyak Charitra) Lay Vows

Holy Vows

Wandering Souls

Karmic Bondage and Inflow

and Liberation

Karmic Shedding

The Vows

Non-Violence

Purity of Thought

TIME AW

AR

EN

ES

S

Path to LiberationPath to Liberation Omniscience

Types of KnowledgeTypes of Knowledge

KNOWLEDGE

Mediate (Acquired) Immediate (Innate)

Empirical

Articulate

• Gained through the senses

• Mind’s ability to comprehend what is sensed

• Conceptualization through language

(mati)

(shrut)

Clairvoyant

Mind-reading

Omniscient

• Act of seeing the objects of another’s mind

• Knowledge of all other substances in all their modes

• Perception of things that are outof the natural range of senses

(avadhi)

(manahparyaya)

(keval)

(Pratyaksha)(Paroksha)

Knowledge : Key To Omniscience/Liberation

Knowledge : Key To Omniscience/Liberation

MoreDelusion

MoreEnlightened

MoreEnlightened

K A R M A SK A R M A S *

Partial Elimination&

Partial Suppression

K N O W L E D G EK N O W L E D G EClairvoyance

Other than omniscience, all other categories are mixture of knowledge & ignorance Omniscience is perfect Innate, pure enlightenment

Six UniversalSubstances

Six UniversalSubstances

Substances in the Universe

Substances in the Universe

MatterMatter

(pudgal)

JivaJiva

(jiva)

TimeTime

(kal)

SpaceSpace

(akash)

Medium of Rest

Medium of Rest

(adharma)

Medium of Motion

Medium of Motion

(dharma)

Nature of

Soul

Nature of

Soul

CLASSES OF SOUL

2 CLASSES

Worldly(Sansarik)

Worldly(Sansarik)

Liberated(Siddha)

Liberated(Siddha)

QUALITIES OF SOUL

QUALITIES

EverlastingEverlasting

SentienceSentience

OmniscienceOmniscience

STATES OF SOUL

5 STATES

SuppressionSuppression

EliminationElimination

MixingMixing

SheddingShedding

PurificationPurification

++

- -+

Bondage of KarmaBondage of Karma

Bondage is the process by which karma are attached to the soul

++

- -+

Seven TattvasSeven Tattvas

Jiva (souls)

Ajiva (non-sentient entities)

Inflow - Asrava (inflow of karmic particles to the soul)

Binding - Bandha (binding of karmic part. to the soul)

Stopping - Samvara (stopping the karmic inflow)

Shedding - Nirjara (falling away of karmic particles)

Liberation - Moksh (liberation from worldly bondage)

Choice: Circle of Life or Moksha

Choice: Circle of Life or Moksha

Circle of Life

Moksha

and “Death”

Realityand

Anekantavad

Realityand

Anekantavad

Approach to TruthApproach to Truth

Gateways OfInvestigation

Approved Means Of Knowledge

PhilosophicalStandpoint

The categories of truth can be understood with more precision and clarity through these 3 ways

Jain PerspectiveJain Perspective

Doctrine of Non-absolutism(Anekantavad)

Doctrine of Non-absolutism(Anekantavad)

Philosophical Standpoints (Nayavad)

Philosophical Standpoints (Nayavad)

Sevenfold Predication

[Sapta-bhanginya]

Sevenfold Predication

[Sapta-bhanginya]

VIEWS OF REALITYVIEWS OF REALITY

Philosophy of Being (substances) and Philosophy of Becoming (modes) Are

Both Real And Integral

Philosophy Of Being(Unchanging)

Stresses Substance

EVER UNCHANGING

LIKE THE SUN

(guna)

Philosophy Of Becoming(Always Changing)

Stresses Modes

EVERCHANGING

LIKE THEWEATHER

(paryaya)

The Nature of RealityThe Nature of Reality

Reality = Substance + Quality + Modes

ModesWater

H O2

Non-One-Sidedness(Nayavad-Syadvad)

Non-One-Sidedness(Nayavad-Syadvad)

The same reality can be viewed

from different standpoints - Doctrine of “MAY-BE”

water

Changelessness Beneath Changes

Changelessness Beneath Changes

SOUL

NonNon--OneOne--SidednessSidedness(ANEKANTAVAD)(ANEKANTAVAD)

EXISTENCE NON-EXISTENCE

INEXPRESSIBILITY

1 2

3

6

4

57

The Seven Fold Predication of the Real

Does Truth Exist ?Does Truth Exist ?

Anekantvada

- Reduce Ego

- Keep an open mind

Truth Exists(Time Specific)

Inhibiting and

Wearing off

of Karmas

Inhibiting and

Wearing off

of Karmas

Karma’s InflowKarma’s Inflow

Speech

Action

Thought

+

Karma Inflow

Events:• Troubling thoughts - Inflow (Asrava)

• Mind constantly thinking - Bondage (Bandha)

• Let bygones be bygones - Stoppage (Samvara)

• Practice austerity- Shedding (Nirjara)

Accident on Route to NirvanaAccident on Route to NirvanaScenario: A person meeting an accident with a car

Result: Vibration of soul in association with mind and body

Types of Karmic BondageTypes of Karmic Bondage

Knowledge Covering

Intuition Covering

Sensation

Deluding (View, Conduct)

Life SpanBodyStatusObstructive

Des

tru

cti

ve

(G

hati

a)

Karm

aN

on

-Des

tructiv

e (A

gh

atia

)K

arm

a

Karmic Bondage CycleKarmic Bondage Cycle

Omniscient

+

++

OnlyNon-Destructive

Karmas

Inhibition and Wearing Off

+

+

Less Intensity

-

+ +

Self-R

estraint

-

+ +

KarmicParticles

ActionsMind, Body, Speech -

+ +Dormant Karma

ReactionFruition Occurs

+ +

-

-

+ +

Strong Intensity

Strong Passions

Are Beneficial Karmas Good?

Are Beneficial Karmas Good?

Give worldlypleasures

Give worldly pain

More harmful karmas

More beneficial karmas

.

7 Ways to Inhibit and Wear off Karma

7 Ways to Inhibit and Wear off Karma

Right Control 12 Reflections

Mind, Body, Speech

Moving Carefully

Practicing AusteritiesRight

Conduct

Enduring Hardships

3. Observing 10 Dharmas3. Observing 10 Dharmas

Forgiveness

Straightforwardness

Purity

Truthfulness

Self Restraint

Austerity

Renunciation

Detachment

ContinenceHumility

VowsVows

Doors of Inflow of KarmasDoors of Inflow of Karmas

5 SENSES

Touch

Taste

Smell

Sight

Hearing

5 INDULGENCES

Causing Injury

Lying

Stealing

Incontinence

Possessiveness

4 PASSIONS

Anger

Pride (Ego)

Deceit

Greed

25 URGES

Evil

Torture

Deceitful

...

Possessive clinging

Control Your PassionsControl Your Passions

PassionsPassions

PassionsPassions

+/- Karma

Less Karmas

EMOTIONSEMOTIONS

AngerPrideDeceitGreed

Vows help in minimizing passions

Activities to Support VowsActivities to Support Vows

Non-stealing

Celibacy

Truthfulness

Non-Violence

Non-Possessiveness

Not Negation of Life,But Affirmation of the Eternal

Not Negation of Life,But Affirmation of the Eternal

Celebrate life with the ultimate vision

GunasthansGunasthans

These fourteen stages

of spiritual

development allow for

stopping of Karma

Inflow

K

K

What are Gunasthans ?What are Gunasthans ?

DeludingKarmas

PureSoul

Knowledge

What Causes Change In Stages?

What Causes Change In Stages?

Accelerated destruction of deluding karmas

RightKnowledge

GhatiyaKarma

Aghatiya

Right Belief

S14

S12

S10

S7

S4

S1

Vows

S14

S12

S10

S7

S4

S1

Taste of Samyak Darshan(Stage:1,2,3,4)

Taste of Samyak Darshan(Stage:1,2,3,4)

Deluded World View

Spiritual Life Begins

(Who Am I?)

Realization and Self Restraint (Stages 5,6,7)

Realization and Self Restraint (Stages 5,6,7)

Small Vows

(Anu Vrata)Great Vows

(Maha Vrata)

Suppresion/Elimination(Stage: 8,9,10,11)

Suppresion/Elimination(Stage: 8,9,10,11)

+++

- -

+-

Elimination of Deluding Karmas (Stage 12)

Elimination of Deluding Karmas (Stage 12)

Knowledge-covering

Obstructive Karmas

Intuition-covering KK

Omniscient Soul (Parmatma)

Omniscient Soul (Parmatma)

At stage 13 Souls attain full enlightenment and

possess infinite perception, knowledge, bliss and vigor.

Stage of ‘Omniscience with Physical Activity’

Aghatiya karmas are still present !

Souls at this stage are referred as “Arihant”

Omniscience with Activity (Stage 13)

Omniscience with Activity (Stage 13)

Omniscience (Final Stage: 14)

Omniscience (Final Stage: 14)

Where Do I Stand?Where Do I Stand?Samyak Samyak DarshanDarshan(EWV)(EWV)

Self Self RestraintRestraint(Vows)(Vows)

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 5

Stage 6

Stage 7

Stage 8 - 11

Stage 12

Stage 13

Stage 14

KarmasKarmas(Delusion)(Delusion)

Meditation

MeditationMeditation

Types of MeditationTypes of Meditation

Analytic White (Pure)

Mournful Wrathful

MeditationMeditation

LiberationLiberation

LiberationLiberation

Liberation

Omniscience

Knowledge Covering

Intuition Covering

View DeludingSensation

Body

Status

Obstructive

Life span

The Soul After LiberationThe Soul After Liberation

What after Liberation ? Soul’s separation

Soul’s upward motion

Soul’s arrival at the border of cosmic space

What is the soul’s nature after liberation Pure and perfect enlightened world view

Enlightened knowledge

Enlightened intuition

ParasparopagrahoJivanam

ParasparopagrahoJivanam

Soul’s render service to one another Souls influence each other through

service which may be favorable or

unfavorable

They cannot live independently of one

another

They must bear the karmic results

individually..

They create a common environment and

lie together in wealth and woe