Some authors believe that urbanization is a ‘Modern Disease’. In not less than 250 words explain if you agree with this view and give your own opinion.

Urbanization (or urbanization) is the increase in the population of cities in proportion to the region's rural population

Impacts1. The urban areas have become concrete jungle.2. Approximately 10% of the farmers provide for 90% of the population which is

huge load on the farmers.3. Pollution is on the rise and affects global warming.4. Deforestation (the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land use such as

arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland) takes place. o Deforestation affects the amount of water in the soil and groundwater and

the moisture in the atmosphere.o Shrinking forest cover lessens the landscape's capacity to intercept, retain

and transport precipitation. Instead of trapping precipitation, which then percolates to groundwater systems, deforested areas become sources of surface water runoff, which moves much faster than subsurface flows. That quicker transport of surface water can translate into flash flooding and more localized floods than would occur with the forest cover.

In developing countries, people who come from rural often tend to migrate to big cities where the living conditions are probably better than their hometowns. This phenomena called urbanization perhaps has caused a number of serious troubles. Its two drawbacks many people could easily recognize are that not only may the traffic system be declined but the standard of living would be deteriorated.

First of all, once the traffic system in urban no longer afford huge transports taking place everyday, a lot of adverse effects could occur. Congestion might happen more often, especially, in rush hours when many means of transportations join together simultaneously. For instance, in Ho Chi Minh City, a city called the capital of economy, one of the cities in developing countries where urbanization come about with rapid speed, traffic jams appear from 7am to 9am in the morning and form 4pm to 5:30pm in the afternoon. As a result, traffic accidents can also arise.

Another disadvantage is perhaps the degenerated standard of living. The rate of crime would grow because civilians coming form countryside’s, often are not well-educated, so in order to maintain their life in big cities where contain a number of competitions and challenges they could commit the crime which is maybe one of the easiest ways to make money. Secondly, slums are possibly created because they are the appropriate places for unemployed who have relatively low disposable incomes. Consequently, criminals often were born in these areas.

In conclusion, urbanization is one of the hardships for governments in developing nations

in modern life. It could result in several bad effects for cities not only in traffic system, the standard of city dweller life but in other results.

There are many types of music in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the International music that is heard everywhere nowadays?

There are a lot of types of music for different age and kind of people in the world. I can count the type of music’s which I know: rap, rock (hard rock), hip hop, R&b, Jazz, Classical music, retro music and so on. Rap music: rap music is a type of music where a singer reads and rhyming the word and synchronizes it with music; rock music: In this type of music more action is given to music by comparison with rap music. The main role in this music is Drum and guitar and of course singer. Hip hop music: My favorite type of music after rap: Here we can hear the music and word with equal roles; I have no a clear information about this type of music but this but it is similar to hip hop; Jazz music: Here artist playing in saxophone and quite type of voice on contrary to rock; classic music: this is also my favorite type of music here is you can here different kind of musical instruments and here also you hear quite voice. These types of music’s Jazz and Classic music are for relaxing. Since, there are a lot of types of music there are a lot of types of people who listen music. For example while teenagers listen rap, hard rock or rock, R&B, adults prefer to listen classical music, Jazz, retro music to remember their past times when they where teenagers and used to listen this kind of music. I cannot say preciously that Rap is for Teenagers and classic music is for adults, no. As for me, sometimes I prefer to listen classic music’s, retro< Jazz on my mood. As well to adults who sometimes to prefer listen rock or rap music. As to music’s, it possess an important position in our life. Because when we are angry we need to listen more quite music to calm down then we are happy we prefer to listen more active music. Come out from this I can say that music is important in our life to control sometimes our behavior. Yes it is very important for us at the same time it is our history. We had to listened traditional music and convey it to our generation. We need our traditional music to distinguish from other countries and traditions. If you are going to learn life or language of other country. It is practiced and recommended to listen the traditional music of this country. As a conclusion I can say that despite of there are a lot of types of music and despite do we like or dislike to listen our tradition everybody have to listen his own traditional music as I mentioned this is our history and we have to convey it to our generation

IN SOME COUNTRIES YOUNG PEOPLE ARE ENCOURAGED TO WORK OR TRAVEL FOR A YEAR BETWEEN FINISHING HIGH SCHOOL AND STARTING UNIVERSITY STUDIES. DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE WHO DECIDE TO DO THIS.

The time period after finishing high school and starting studies is perhaps of the most

pivotal stages of a person's life. That is why a gap year between these two stages is encouraged by some states for work or travel abroad.

Taking the decision for a gap year before studies has is pros and cons for a student; working for a year would provide a teenager with the substantial experience and give him/her a rounded view of the job market. For example, working in a school may turn out to confirm a person's choice to become a teacher or make Kim/her totally change the mind. Moreover, work experience could contribute to one's maturity which is very crucial for balancing between desires and real necessities.

On the other hand, working for a year might reduce ones zeal for studies, especially when a good working opportunity is offered. Regarding travelling for a year, I believe it offers many advantages to a person who is about to make up his/her mind regarding university studies; firstly, going abroad is a fantastic experience and helps people become open-minded and nurture their personalities. This is of great importance for young people who are at the beginning of their lives.

Moreover, travelling offers the chance to mix with people from different social backgrounds and also, you get to know programs of studies you have never heard of.

However, some drawbacks may present from travelling, such as bad influences and maybe the unwillingness to return back home. To sum up, I believe that taking a year's break before studies carries much weight in the form of personality and the undertaking of important decisions, such as what to study.

Some people believe they should keep all the money they have earned and should not pay tax to the state. Do you agree or disagree?

Essay:

Those ones who think they should not pay taxes must be denied the benefits that the tax money can bring to the society. These include, but not limited to education, pensions and idea of free health care services. I fall into the category of people who believe that some part of the money has to be paid to the state to develop and maintain these public services. More money allocated for education means new improvements and innovations can be introduced. For instance, more computers-equipped classes and research laboratories can be established at universities and colleges. Also, some part of this money can be used to support families experiencing financial difficulties sending their children to schools.

Financial difficulties are also experienced by senior members of any society as well. As a person gets older he or she loses ability to earn money and then it is time for the government to start helping financially to the person with the money that has been constantly paid to the government in forms of taxes. Pensions are also extremely helpful

in cases when old people have not got anybody who could look after them; those might be children or relatives.

Last but not least is the idea of establishing free medical service maintained by the tax money? It will enable people conduct regular check-ups, discover and prevent illnesses in their early stages. Therefore, I avidly believe that some part of the money that a person has earned should be paid to the state. The aspects mentioned above are considered to be very important for everybody and thus must be supported by every member of the society.

Some businesses now say that no one can smoke cigarettes in any of their offices. Some governments have banned smoking in all public places. Do you agree or disagree.

Smoking became an important issue to talk about in today’s society. Although smoking was strongly linked to many illnesses, the number of smokers expands everyday. Some businesses already banned their employers to smoke in the office. Even some countries, such as Northern Ireland banned smoking in all public places like pubs, bars, restaurants etc. There are good and bad side of this issue. I will discuss both of it in this in this essay.

I would like to begin with positive side of banning smoking in public places. As a nonsmoker and working in pubs myself, from my experience I think is necessary to ban smoking in pubs, bars or nightclubs. Some percentage of people who smokes but all costumers and staff breathe their cigarettes. In consequence of this, they have same chance of probability of getting heart deceases or lung cancer as smokers.

On the other hand businesses will face difficulties to enforce this ban. For example, it will be extra job for them to deal with drunken person who smokes inside the premises. They will lose costumers as well.

Moreover, it will lead to more public disorder. Because, there will be more people in the street on weekends than ever before. I would say more people in the street means more problems. It will be difficult to control people coming in and out frequently.

Furthermore, I would argue that smoking should be considered as other illnesses and smokers should be treated like diabetics or asthmatics. They should be given chance to smoke when they need like diabetics needing their insulin or asthmatics using their inhaler.

In conclusion, I firmly believe that it would unjustifiable to say that smoking should be banned.

Topic: In what ways has information technology changed work and working practices in the past 10 years?

Essay:

Information technology has very powerful influence to our daily life. Computers used everywhere such as hospital, post office, banks, government offices etc. I can expand this list. Undoubtedly, it has changed work practices for the last 10 years period. In this essay I will examine in what ways working practice has changed by introduction of computers.

I would like to start with unemployment that caused directly by use of computers. First of all, very big amount of information, data could be saved and stored in small hard drive of single computer. In result of this there is no need for big archives or libraries anymore. Consequently, people who worked in these places loose their job.

Secondly, not everyone easily adapts to the new system of information technology. For example, doctor who experienced medicine for 40 years so used to write prescriptions by hand and have the medical record of patient o the paper. They find it very difficult when new legislation comes to force that all prescriptions should be computer printed and medical record should be stored in database of computer and struggle Because, they are not computer literate.

On the other hand, economic impact is undeniable. For instance, businesses save money by employing one or two workers who can use computers instead of ten. Because everything could be organize in just two computers.

Moreover, information technology gives a chance to set up and advertise business on the net without actually having office, shop or warehouse. Pure example of this is EBay business which thousands of people benefit by selling and buying without even leaving their houses.

Additionally, in today’s very fast growing society due to immigration postal services would be stretched if there was not e-mail. Many individuals, companies, banks send e-mail rather than sending letters.

Overall, in my opinion, information technology changed work practices to the benefit of all us.

Argue either for or against on the following topic:

Training for the job is far more important than the broad based education.

Training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relates to specific useful

skills. Apart from the education they had with proper training on the particular job makes them successful in their field and there the training plays an important role.

Training and development is the field concerned with workplace learning to improve performance. And such training can be categorized as on the job and off the job. On the job describes training that is given in the working situation using the actual tools, equipment. Documents or materials that they will use when fully trained. Off the job training takes place away from normal work which means that the employee is not regarded as the productive worker when training is taking place.An advantage of off the job training is that is allows people to get away from work and totally concentrate on the training being given. This is most effective for training concepts and ideas.

For example the training in the military makes us to learn many skills such as how to survive in combat that are needed in a time of war and also how to use variety of weapons. And the second example is in electronic or electrical firms the training gives them the practical knowledge on the machines and the way how to use them in the correct way with out the proper knowledge it may take them to dangerous risk if they make any wrong connections in the field and it lead to death also sometimes.

The education which was learned theoretically has come in to use when we are going to apply it practically on our own with out any help from the seniors it makes us more confident on the work we have done and we all know that experience makes man perfect and this will be achieved through this process.

In conclusion, with the proper training on the job that are going to do makes the employees to do the work in a proper manner and in less stipulated time and it is training gives them the backbone for the knowledge that was gained through education.

There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?

Nowadays nearly every 10-year-old owns one and we hardly can immagine how we could survive without it. The discussion is about the benefit and drawbacks of mobile phones. Sureley their invention can be seen in either of the ways.Nevertheless I will show that there are more negative than positive effects.

Firstly individuals seem to be addicted to mobiles. One example are that people explained to feel lost and alone when they forget to take their mobile with them. Psychologists refer to this and found out that the continuouse carrying of mobiled suggests a feeling of nt beeing alosne and leads in certain inividuals to addictive behaviour.

Secondy the electric interference of those devices wieht other electronic mahcines leads to problems. In Hospital for example their use is prohibited since medical high tech devices could be disturbed with fatal effects for the patient. Similar effects have to be prevented by to restriction of use in air planes. These precautiouns didn´t have to be imposed 20 years ago.

Furthermore scientist found out that there aare effects on our body which are still investigated. For instance the core temperature raises up to 0.5 centigrade Celsius due to the radiation near the ear after a few hours of use. Despite definit harms didn´t occur yet, long term results are still awaited and feared.

Allthough many people as managers who have to travel a lot, can safe lots of time and even money it is nevertheless a luxury article with the potential of further harm.

Conclusively mobiles facilitate our life , but are interfering already with many devices and even with our body in a concerning way. In other words I think mobiles are harmful in may ways already, and I hope I mistade when I think that we are facing more and more problems compared to their questionable benefit.

TOPIC:University should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject

This given topic involves lots of thoughts and maybe some of them could be conflictual. If I have to take one straight position I would go with the main idea that universities are places where we choose to continue to study and no matter if you are a woman or a man you should not have any advantage for you gender.

Universities should prepare new students to a new life,different opportunities of work and relationships. Why should they reserve te same numbers for men and women, I believe they have to reserve places and opportunities for meritorius person and good students.

Some field studies are mainly attended by men, for istance Engeneering, other faculties like Arts and Literatures have a majority of women. These are personal tastes , we are not talking about governement representatives but of everyone’s choices and University should not force this trend.

A big point I would like to underline is the following: many faculties have closed entry list, meaning that you need good pre-requisites or a test to be enrolled in some degrees. Should it be fair if a good student would not enter the course because he is a boy or she is a woman? I regret this, it would not be accettable.

To conclude, focusing on the main purpose a university should embrace, I do believe an

opportunity to study must be provide to anyone who really deserve it, despite of the gender they represent. It’s an hard world out there, let’s start to remunerate good brains and good person.

Giving detailed description of crimes in newspapers and on T.V has bad consequences. Therefore the government should restrict them. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Serial killers gain large sum of money for an interview about their murders in some countries. Some critics feel disgusted about that and they claim that government should restrict them. In my opinion, people should be informed about crimes anyway, so that they will know how to avoid them. In the past, people had little knowledge about crimes. Consequently, they were careless and it was very easy for criminals to commit their evil deeds. For example, years ago, parents used to feel confident of leaving their children alone with other adults or teachers. Later, there appeared many cases of child abuse and murders which shocked the society. It was the news media that highlighted the details of such experiences and warned the parents to prevent further tragedies. Similarly, banks and companies have a chance to update or change their security systems according to the detailed news of high-tech burglaries and robberies. What newspapers and TV media should do is to have ethical way in presenting the news. They should describe the cases objectively. Media should shape the criminals as disgusting monsters to warn the public. They should not make the criminals popular as movie stars. I still remember the famous movie called ‘natural born killer’ in which a couple killed anyone whoever they met on their honeymoon trip. News media described the couple as romantic rock stars, while, in the end, the killers killed the audience and reporters who praised and worshiped them. In conclusion, detailed description of crimes by news media is necessary for people to improve public awareness and participation to build the peaceful and crimeless society in the near future. (273 words)

In some Countries, People are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decine to do this

Nowadays, many people, especilly teenagers, want to get work experiences or broaden their eyesight by travelling after finishing high schools. These ways can spend the time rather than stay at home.

In most countries, summer jobs are avaliable when the people are graduated from the high schools. Most of them want to challenge themselves by interview, working with partners. When they were studying at high schools, they don't have time to work because

they have to focus on their studies and public exam. Besides, they are being looked after by their parents. In order to get working experiences for future lives, they try to do part-time jobs

Indeed, some people want to release their pressure from studying. They don't have a job, but they want to broaden their knowledge. If the financial condition of their families are good, their parents can support them to travel anywhere. The countries where they like to travel may be hictorial, peaceful, cultural. For example, there are many hictorial buildings in China or Europes. Those buildings can impress the people and they feel that they have the meaningful lives. Since the holiday between high schools and universities are very long, the people can travel to countries as many as they can.

Although traveling and working are very beneficial to the people, there are some risks if they do carelessly.

For traveling, if they don't join the trips which are held by the famous travel agencies, they have to use much energy for planning, transport, accommodation, eating. If they encounter some troubles, they can't solve the problems themselves because of some reasons such as languages problem.

For working, there are many jobs such as selling the drugs whose properties are bad and illegal. Some teenagers aren't mature, they think those jobs can let them earn much money(Eg, $300000 per month). Finally, they will be arrested by the police and their future are lost. Besides, some jobs and their interviews want to cheat employees in order to steal their money. As employees has signed their names into the contracts, the agents may use their personal profiles to steal their money. As a result, the employees lose all their money before they work. It's so ironic.

In conclusion, we have to consider the decisions carefully whatever traveling or working. Even though they both have disadvantages and advantages, if we use our mind, we can do it well and safety. So that we avoid many problems that we encounter.