Ess2710 week 6
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Transcript of Ess2710 week 6
Coach athlete relationships
Martin I. JonesBSc MSc PhD CPsychol CSci AFBPsS SFHEABASES accredited Sport and Exercise Scientist (Psychology)HCPC registered Sport and Exercise Psychologist
Intended Learning Outcomes On successfully completing this week’s study you will be able to...
Define the core constituents of the coach-athlete relationship
Describe how theoretical knowledge has been applied to change the dyad
Manage self-learning, set and meet targets, manage time, and read extensively for information
Why do we study the coach athlete relationship?
http://www.theage.com.au/news/swimming/swim-coach-who-beat-daughter-faces-sanctions/2007/03/28/1174761567030.html
No (wo)man is an IslandWe are all socially connected and relatedness is a basic psychological need
Need to study relationships
Research shows that there are important cognitive, affective and behavioural consequences associated with effective and ineffective coach athlete relationships
An athlete who is committed and trusts her coach (cognition and affect) is likely to respond to her coaches instructions more readily (behaviour)
RECIPROCITY?
The coach-athlete relationship is not an add on to, or by product of, the coaching process . . . Instead it is the foundation of coaching
Jowett (2005)
Heart of coaching
“There is considerably less information on the psychology of coaching, particularly as it pertains to the personal and social development of young children”
Smoll, Smith, & Curtis, 1983 (p. 61)
Look at the date, is this still true?
Good coach Bad coach ?
In groups find an example of
a good coach athlete relationship and
a bad coach athlete relationship
What makes them good or
bad?
A focus on coaches behaviour?
Congruence HypothesisAthletes’ satisfaction is a function of the congruence between the leadership behaviour preferred by athletes and the actual leadership behaviour exhibited
Are they always the same thing? Preferred and perceived leadership
The mediational model
of coach leadershipCoaching Behaviours
Player Perceptionsand Recall
Player’s Evaluative Reaction
Coach’s perception of player
Coach Behaviours Players’ evaluative reactions
Player perception and recall
Coach perception of players’ attitudes
Individual difference variables Coaching goals/motives Behavioural intentions Perceived coaching norms & role conception Inferred athletes motives Self-monitoring, Sex
Individual difference variables Age, Sex, Perceived coaching norms Valence of coach behaviours Sport-specific achievement motives Competitive trait anxiety General & Sport self-esteem
Situational factors Nature of sport, Level of competition Practice vs. game, Previous success/failure Present game/practice outcomes Intra-team attraction
Coaches’ behaviours do not accurately reflect what goes on in the coach-athlete relationship
Jowett & Cockerill, 2002, 2003
A relationship is a characteristic of two individuals.
A relationship is that which goes on between two people and is made up of the combined interrelating of both of them.
This interrelating involves aspects other than just coaches’ behaviours
What drives people to form relationships with
other people?
What drives athletes to form relationships with their coaches
There is a mutual and inevitable interdependence
Athletes and coaches are motivated to form relationships to fulfil basic complementary needs,
To provide/receive training and instruction, and
To provide/receive support in the pursuit of excellence and improved performance.
Effectiveness and Success
Effectiveness relates to helpful caring relationships
Success relates to prize winning
Active breakFeel free to watch the video or leave the room
Effective and
unsuccessful
Effective and
successful
Ineffective and
unsuccessful
Ineffective and
successful
When would you want an effective but unsuccessful
relationship?
A coach-athlete relationship is defined as the situation in which coaches’ and athletes’ emotions, thoughts and behaviours are interdependent.
What makes a good coach-athlete relationship?
Lorimer & Jowett (2014)Sport typeCompetitive levelRelationship durationAgePersonalityGenderRelationship typeCultureCoach education
ClosenessCommitmentComplimentarity
Co-orientation
3 + 1c model
Closeness reflects an affective element
Commitment defines a long-term orientation
Complementarity Concerns co-operative behaviours
Co-orientationDimensions of co-oriented perspectives
Complementarity (behaviours) being at ease, responsive, ready and friendly during training
Closeness (feelings) Interpersonal likeness, trust, respect, appreciation
Commitment (cognitions) Committed to each other over time
Where did it come from?A series of qualitative case studies were conducted to explore coaches and athletes underlying reality about their athletic relationships.
Definition of two-person relationship (Kelley et al 1983)
Closeness (Berscheid et al., 1989a, 1989b), Commitment (Rosenblatt, 1977), Complementarity (Kiesler, 1997)
SatisfactionPhysical self conceptPassion for sportMotivationFear of failureBurnoutPerceived performance
Intrapersonal
Team cohesion
Collective efficacy
Positive motivational climate
Support
Reduced interpersonal conflict
Interpersonal
Typical
Coach Athlete
Andy Murray & Ivan Lendl
Atypical
Family
Seb Coe and Peter Coe
Romantic
Jo Pavey and Gavin Pavey
Educational
John Wooden
Correspondence
John McEnroe and Milos
Raonic
Find examples of coach athlete relationships
that are also husband and wife
Challenges?
Find examples of coach athlete relationships that are also father/ mother and son / daughter
Challenges?
Direct perspectiveMeta perspective
DIRECT PERCEPTION Athlete: I respect my coachCoach: I respect my athlete
META-PERCEPTION Athlete: My coach respects meCoach: My athlete respects me
CART-QCoach athlete relationship questionnaire
Dyad mapping
MaintenanceTrustFriendshipFamiliarityRealistic expectationsProlonged contactCommunication
A coach-athlete relationship is defined as the situation in which coaches’ and athletes’ emotions, thoughts and behaviours are interdependent.
Martin I. JonesBSc MSc PhD CPsychol CSci AFBPsS SFHEA
BASES accredited Sport and Exercise Scientist (Psychology)HCPC registered Sport and Exercise Psychologist
E: m.i.jones@exeter Tw: @drmijones