Espacial Analisis en Areas

download Espacial Analisis en Areas

of 44

Transcript of Espacial Analisis en Areas

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    1/44

    !"#$%&'()

    *+,-.')

    /0(1#23#2%()

    4 5 . *5 5/ 4 65... *55 . 7 8 *./ . 95 * *5 : 8();5(; * 5 /.??5@/-5:@A*@5*5@/

    4 *5 ./,.*88BC5$BB'/*3DBC $ . *. * BB/ ) ..E** 5* . 8 ) 5/ ) * 883...5 / ) 85

    4838.5 E F . 2 ) * /

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    2/44

    2

    .8.8838/

    !"#;)

    . / ( * /G.) 7 5 *9:* H ' * * *H*5)*H5..5H

    4.56

    *5/4 * / 4 5 I5J./,.**5*E / 4 5E / 9 7@/4.*

    /4 6 5 .

    *: * * H+.* HG

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    3/44

    3

    .5H*5*5.* 6 5 *5/

    465 '8KL.) * / 4 *9 5 89**KMN*/

    *.*/G*

    E / 45*.* * * **5 */ 5 * * *6 *5 /5 * * 6 * * 5)/ * * . 5*5**6/

    45 /07 },),({ 2 AAxxZ .*@.

    5 / **55.7/4.*/

    -**.*5 5 */4*.5 5 .5 * A

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    4/44

    4

    ***59)/4*@.I4**J/

    5 5* * *9 5 /5*E

    A8555/ * 5/

    '. . , / *@*82/1CB/4**5 * .* 5*.?2/"?2/#/>*@*8

    2/BB/ 7 * 7 / . 5 . . .*5/85 * / 4 6/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    5/44

    5

    $%&''!/

    4 => . ( +) 5 BBBB.:> . , / 4 . *5 ()' ( *

    *5 (+)/

    (#)*+,-+,./0#

    G 222 *. * / , 8 @ *I* 5. D 5 J I*5.D.J 2/!B 2/BC/ 4

    . 4* 5./!!D./-5121O.*/*5

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    6/44

    6

    *5/** @ */

    4*5IJ*.**95

    :.@*.5 . * *55/.:8*5/*5.*/

    *"

    )"! '" )

    -)./0

    5 */G H-*5.@. *5E8*)6**

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    7/44

    7

    */ 4 .5 . ) * *5 / * * / 4 ) .5)** 6 . .5 @

    .*95/

    !!

    4 6 85 5 .5*8 @ 5/ 4 6 5 /48 ) @*8

    575 * */ ( 5.5* : /

    4855)8/7.E*)/4

    ; 5@ * *: 6 / .8*5***.95**A . * ./ 4 56*A6 8 /,5.*

    * **. 5 * *A 5* 6 @ ()/ 7 8555*)/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    8/44

    8

    46).8 . . . * 5 .* ; %BB1/4.).*.""/,1.)6,"6)/**5

    .. 6 .. . . *56.*/46:....H'5E.@.*5*IJ@/-..*5*9**/[email protected].@*8.55@*/; * ) * *8/

    12"343%!5#

    62"343%!5!

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    9/44

    9

    6 / * 5:..) H '5 * * / -* , 1 5!BE#B2EB

    %/469*.)8IJ/

    7%89:;;

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    10/44

    10

    !!

    4 . 8 5 5. *.*@/4*.)8

    8/4. EG 8 E88/46...*..55/

    9 7 4' #+%#8#,

    L-O

    S

    -N

    o = Mediana

    x = Mdia

    o

    o

    o

    o

    o

    o

    o

    oo

    o

    oo

    o

    oo

    oo

    o

    o

    o

    oo

    o

    o

    ooo

    oooo

    ooo

    ooo

    o

    o

    o

    o

    o

    ooo

    oo

    colunas

    RENDA

    0 10 20 30 40

    -1

    0

    1

    2

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    xx

    x

    x

    xx

    x

    xx x x

    x

    x

    x

    x xx

    x

    x xx x

    x xx

    xx

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x xxx

    xx

    oooo

    oooo

    o oooo

    o ooo

    ooo o

    oooo

    o oo o

    ooo o

    o ooo

    oooo

    o

    RENDA

    linhas

    -1 0 1 2

    0

    1

    0

    20

    30

    40

    xxxx

    xxxx

    x x xxx

    x xxx

    xxxx

    xxx x

    xxxx

    xxx x

    x xxx

    xxx x

    x

    o

    o

    o

    o

    oo

    o

    oo

    oo

    o

    o

    oo

    o

    oo

    o

    o

    o

    o

    o

    o

    oo

    o

    o

    ooo

    oo

    oo

    o

    o

    o

    o

    o

    o

    oo

    o

    oo

    o

    colunas

    ESCOLARIDADE

    0 10 20 30 40

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    x

    x

    xx

    x xx x

    x

    x xx

    x

    xx

    xxx

    x

    x

    x

    x x

    x

    x x

    xx

    xx

    x

    xx

    x

    x x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    x

    xx

    x

    oooo

    oooo

    o ooo

    o ooo

    o ooo

    ooo o

    ooo o

    o oo ooo

    o oo o

    ooo o

    ESCOLARIDADE

    linhas

    0.2 0.4 0.6

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    xxxx

    xxxx

    x xxx

    x xxx

    x xxx

    xxx x

    xxx x

    x xxx

    xxx x

    xxxx

    x x

    RENDA

    ESCOLARIDADE

    Eixo Norte-Sul Eixo Leste-Oeste

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    11/44

    11

    , !. 6 .BB'?55.65?;%/4".:*8

    IJ655655.*5*/

    E 8 . 5 * / 4 . ./EG8* . * 8 8 / 45*..5)*8

    *58/

    8555 * * / 4 * *./)*=8;58 / G . * 8 5 ** *E/ 4 . =*/ *./

    "!

    4*5""*8/; #$ .*8

    %& 8.'( 85 *. (/ 4 85

    *./'(K.(A

    5'(K2/

    '(K.(5'(K2/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    12/44

    12

    '(K(3.(*.(/

    85 8 ) 8555) . 6 / 4 58..5/,

    #8858.*)*/

    ;!!0"#

    4858*)***/G 85 8 8L /,8,C

    ' * 858/ ..58*5'()8*5'(

    %)&8)*5/

    !

    8 *7 / 4 *5. ./ 4 i

    * E*'()8585@*:

    =

    =n

    j

    iiji zw1

    2 2" 2 2" 2 2" 2 2" 2" 2" 2 2" 2 2 2" 2DD 2DD 2 2 2DD 2 2DD 2DD 2DD 2

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    13/44

    13

    , B !25BC5$/465. *... . #O**..O/487#/O2/#O

    .85O/G:O8C/#O/*.,B . 5...E**/

    2"+),#=!'""#=''#

    *+,!+"

    855 ) 5 .. /G 8 . * * * * / =7 * 8 + 85*/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    14/44

    14

    =

    = =

    =n

    i

    i

    n

    i

    n

    j

    jiij

    zz

    zzzzw

    I

    1

    1 1

    )(

    ))((

    6 * * * z * 5 '( ) 858/.*5***5. '(/4 85 8 . */

    =

    = =

    =N

    i

    i

    n

    i

    n

    j

    ji

    k

    ij

    k

    zz

    zzzzwn

    I

    1

    1 1

    )(

    )(

    )(

    ))((

    D

    =78 .5A.*)/*. 2 F *.E2/-7* 5/ .. H48.*5*5 */ *-/ * A . . * / 5 ***+.,2/8+5I8J*.*/

    38 $ . ,*=782/C1/E*. 22 . , 2/

    6 D 9 5 *. . BB/"O/G58$5.5*/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    15/44

    15

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    16/44

    16

    *5.E/

    = = =

    = == =

    =m

    i

    m

    j

    m

    i

    ijiijji

    m

    i

    m

    i

    iijiij

    m

    i

    m

    j

    jjiiij

    bbwdXwddX

    dwbNewbNdedewN

    Ipop

    1 1 1

    2

    1 11 1

    2

    )1()(

    )21())((

    "

    G:

    *

    /4*/

    *

    K3

    04

    ")

    %1"2/&

    *.QQ

    '(.*.9

    *%/20&

    4* 5%/ + =7 85 E5 /4 * *5 8 8 . 8/

    *3.>$

    %->*=**=%3*3>)>-*%

    /=7)2?%=283?%=

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    17/44

    17

    =

    2/"#C 2/222"

    E !/"2B ##/BD#

    O*. E "1/D

    OE E 1!

    3

    G/4. 6 * 55/()./. E5 *) * @ ./8

    ,+8?+?$*5*BB/,+5/

    /2+),

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    18/44

    18

    $!'/2+,#!!&1

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    19/44

    19

    */+.=;=;*./5 . *. =; %IJ/7.*.

    *5../

    (7.0#

    4 , 1 8

    *56D/48%*).*@5=;5/.%5*5575**5A.)5/ =;*: 5/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    20/44

    20

    -0.2

    0.0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    MG

    0 100 200 300 400 500 600

    distncia entre pares

    RJ

    0 100 200 300 400 500 600

    Autocorrelao

    1)#

    4!

    4 = ) / ) * **5.5**5/4

    ) * . **)*5'*.6.,"388$BB'/46*:

    SS: *./

    SDS1

    : * . /

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    21/44

    21

    67

    )/

    4= * ..=7*838 $ 5 / . , " $ 6SS/46SDS1*.*/5 . 5:

    */=7+ 8 6

    /,"62/C1*556D/=7**.5*56,C.=78 38 8 5 $ BB/ IEJ I(8E(8J IE(8J I(8EJ

    6 S S SD S1 5 . , G*)..E***6SDS1***... 38 8 . ** $))/

    -0,8

    -0,6

    -0,4

    -0,2

    0,0

    0,2

    0,4

    0,6

    0,8

    -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5

    Z

    WZ

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    22/44

    22

    :7A!#

    5

    4*=78

    6*..)5./G..*5@55 8 . . /45 *85/4 *)5**/4 . /=7 8 *8

    )*:

    =

    ==

    n

    j

    j

    n

    j

    jiji

    i

    z

    zwz

    I

    1

    2

    1 C

    4=785*8/,.85.*E

    * . * /-=78* 5 / 4*.E5I*J5.55/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    23/44

    23

    3885$BB,!.55.5/ ) $ . /

    9!+),#='6B

    #

    !

    G*.)**/

    5 6 5 . . / 4 * * ,#5%BB1/%*1#5*5222*/

    @5."12222*.*22 * / @ * */55 8.5@5!" !"22 / , 8 . "

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    24/44

    24

    * . . 5 /552222CC222T

    ;*!"'%81#

    * 5 E..@ 5)/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    25/44

    25

    %%81""!#

    55BB1. */ .*

    . 5/ @ .*@.IJ/.*.2 12 / * @*7* / (5 6/8.IJ@..*12.

    **.*E/

    4*(5 *

    6/ **(5*5**.*:

    iiiii )w(tw += 1 2/!

    '*5:

    iii

    iin

    w

    += 2

    2

    2/#

    4.'5E./ *

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    26/44

    26

    / . 5 . . . /4.*. . .*/

    * *5 6

    6/4 74*5**A 6/G

    6 5/.*:

    =i

    i

    n

    y B

    .6*

    :

    nn

    tn

    i

    ii

    )(2

    2

    =

    2/2

    4.E*55.*.*.. . * 5 /G.55%.* 8/,

    8'>U,$.D.*BB1!C*DC/[email protected]@5/4*.5 , #/ 8 .*5../

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    27/44

    27

    $

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    28/44

    28

    .* 7*5**

    66/G* 5 .5 E 5 / 4 .5 5

    *@5.

    6A9*KMLN*/

    9*5*.55*.5 @. / 7**)6*='='?!).!. ? /85 *@ * (5 *

    ='='/ 4 **5 /

    "

    - . / ) 8 *. . * .5 5**/.

    *. *85./4 5 8 /

    *@..75**@*..5 5 /4*9565 *. * *886:

    ),0N(~, 2+=XY

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    29/44

    29

    +

    =

    nknkn

    k

    k

    n

    ..

    ..

    ..

    ..

    X..X

    ........

    ........

    X..X

    X..X

    Y

    ..

    ..

    Y

    Y

    2

    1

    1

    1

    0

    11

    1221

    1111

    2

    1

    1

    1

    1

    . * *5 8 * @ 8 )8 .)-*@)8. 8 /

    455 . . @ 5 . 5 .*9:9*.*5 * *A * . * * .5 /45* 65 . * *.)/

    +. . 5 @5 5 */@ . 5 *5 /

    4 /45 * . * 8 /?=;5? ./ 8.5@*5/

    .5@.

    *.5555/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    30/44

    30

    !'*9

    48* .5/ 4 ** 5 /..

    * / , * */4 %:& @ *5 . */,58:

    ++= XWYY D

    G8588 /4

    5 8 K2/4*. /*8:

    ii

    ii

    j

    jiji xywy ++

    =

    =1

    1

    4 5 . * **/

    *8:

    +=+= WXY , "

    G. ./4 5 8 1;5/@.?'/

    ,6"..*8:

    += WXXWYY C

    -:

    += XWIYWI )()( !

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    31/44

    31

    .*EIJ*/

    XWIXYWIY )(,)( ** == #

    *. * 5 .*55.5/4

    @.VEV*/ . * . **5**/

    4 . * * 5 5) 5/4 * 5/ */45

    * 8 *5 . 5 ./

    :!'59

    .

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    32/44

    32

    .*/46()@*.65()*/

    :!'59

    :!'.945E5/5

    .5. . 5: 8 E . * 8 . * / 4 / 4 .*5/4:

    )()()( sss += XY

    G *

    .)6

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    33/44

    33

    += XssY )()(

    G * / 4 6 E*5:

    YXX)X T1T = ( D

    0E&

    YXXX TT )())(()( 1 sWsWs = 1

    49.5 .5 @ 5 / 8;5:

    =

    2

    2

    2exp

    2

    1),(

    ijij

    dsw "

    . ( *.(-/-55./,*;G**5/

    9!4 5

    659/=

    / / , 6 )=78/

    @ @ 8 65 9 * .*/46 . * /G.9* . 9 * .@@*5/

    4 *").

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    34/44

    34

    * / . ? ? ) .9)*5*/7.*5@ * . /,.*

    />58@.*9*/@@7'8:

    kLIKAIC 2*2 += C

    .5+=8)@)*/*'/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    35/44

    35

    $+,$*8G*8:

    --K2F2FG--F 2/#

    >*8G*8:

    --WK2F2WK B

    --WK2F2WK D2

    --WDKD2FD2WDKD D

    44*D/*. 5$ 5. + 5

    5 / +. . @ . 5 *. * / , . * 6 /5 ..

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    36/44

    36

    ** 5 )/ 45=785/'* *..*@0X'/ * / 4

    8*=78.*5/

    4 $ . , D. /, 5.5E8.*5.=784*D/ * *55 0X '/ 4 )..E** 5 $ * . . * 5

    5""/

    *"(:%%>'#

    06 !"!

    9

    0@

    #

    =78

    $$>5+,!+,#

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    37/44

    37

    $(!+,!+,#

    465 * . *5 * */ .M%"&"N.*@.55/455

    8575/4.5*5855*/

    E6/

    /-

    5.5@8*

    */.*IJ @ 5 .)..*/,5 ... 5 . * # 6 $.6:

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    38/44

    38

    =

    =

    =ijn

    j

    ij

    n

    j

    jij

    i dd

    k

    zd

    k

    z ,

    )(

    )(

    1

    1 D

    6* )%& E *8;@.5 * E 5 / 85*,. 5 % 5BB2EBB . 5.**5/,1.5 *5 5/ , 1* . 5 * **/

    G*@* @ * / IJ * @ I* J .@@I*J/.6D*5*5:

    = =

    ij

    n

    j

    jij

    i dzd

    kz ,)(1

    12

    DD

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    39/44

    39

    $1+,7%8+

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    40/44

    40

    $6 / !

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    41/44

    41

    4.56*5 *5 5..* / 85 6 @ =7 =7 5 .

    5 * / (5. / . * *.*@A 8. * /4.55 / E *5*6/

    4*6*@*54(5I*9"J(5;BB"** 22/ 7 ...////@3Y * /

    *50 BB

    .*/4.8/4.@0BB"ABBC/4...///

    4 ;G ' .*5/.,**@> , / 222 .@ , /BBC(/BBC/=*:33...///@3Y3;G3/

    4**EI 5J . .@ -.A 8 -. BB!/ + .@ *) 6 * 5-.BBB/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    42/44

    42

    4 . .@ = *@ I +, J = BB" .@ 5 >X = BBCA= BB#/4 (5 . 5 = BB/ * *9

    (5 * 8.@ Z$Z$224(5*I.??*J(522/

    4*$BB.8.@ I= 8$3$ ' $ J 38=5$*5R)>'E'>5$BBC/4$BBCBBB.*5,Z$*5@.*5%&0)P/

    ' ( +) 5 BB . *5-(0 5 * 5.*54=-/

    455%.)*5,-'>[.@7-='7-\'BB#/45*5 . * *5 ,-'>[*:...//)/*3Y...//)/*3Y/

    4.@?***9!"-*E*22*...//**9./

    / 00/ / (* '; ' ;5BB/

    / 00/0E0/ /!/BE"BB

    D/ 0 0/ 4 = *5 / : =/ , +/ %/ />./ !/045\,BBC//"EC/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    43/44

    43

    1/ >]^-/# $%&$$'$ / $ ' >, 22/ R ...///*3Y/

    "/ (0P 4/ = +/ ((/!/"22/

    C/ (0P 4/ / ;440/ )$/00BB

    !/ (>- '/ // ,-4+;+= =// '+04-;5 G : = 8 5/#1#EB#BBC/

    #/ '>[ -/ '/ *$# + , - %.%./Z$3,__*E>BBC/

    B/ ;;0/$/

    00>522/

    2/`a/=//'U / ((/1//DC!ED!BBB#/

    /,-4+;+= // '/ (>- =// '+04-222/0:

    /,-4+;+= // =// '+04- '/ (>-4;5:E5/ ! , !$ $

    2:C2C!BBC/

    D/;0= / '0 %/(/ 4 +// >( /(/ BB"'\+3''/

    1/;0XG//'+-/;0+04/%/BB#!).!.'\+/

    "/=+00 / = 5 (5//12/#DEB1BB/

    C/=4 / !$ $ $

    "0BB!/=4/)/

    !,!$$/2/B!DEB#BBBC/

  • 8/8/2019 Espacial Analisis en Areas

    44/44

    #/=4/-)5: / ! , !$//C!DEC#"BB#/

    B/-+G / ;E )E* 5/:/05=/(5/0!$/.P@%G5BB!//""!D/

    2/-+G//0