ESO 3 4 Worksheet March 2013 Final

7/29/2019 ESO 3 4 Worksheet March 2013 Final

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ESO 3 & 4 March 2013

SOCIAL ISSUES / ETHICS

VOCABULARY

Types of energy

A. Label the types of energy with the words in the box. Then writeRE (renewable energy) or NRE (non-renewable energy).

gas nuclear power petrol wind power

hydroelectric power oil solar power coal

a) b) c)

d) e) f)

g) h)



B. Match the words and phrases with their definitions.

1. A long underground pipe that carries

water or gas from one place to another.

2. A piece of equipment that uses energy

from the sun into electricity.

3. A hole or crack in a container where liquid

or gas escapes.

4.

A substance (such as coal or oil) that weburn in order to make energy.

5. A tall structure with four ‘arms’ used to

change the power of the wind into energy.

6. A wall built across a river to stop water

from escaping.

7. The activity of extracting minerals from

under the ground.

8. Energy that does not cause pollution.

a) windmill

b) solar panel

c) dam

d) clean energye) leak

f) pipeline

g) fuel

h) mining



GRAMMAR

Modals

A. Decide whether the two sentences in each pair have the samemeaning or a different meaning. Draw a tick or a cross.

1. We’d better buy some petrol.

We should buy some petrol.

2. You don’t have to use fossil fuels.

We mustn’t use fossil fuels.

3. You should get solar panels.

You ought to get solar panels.

4. You must be joking!

You should be joking!

5. We have to be there at nine.

We must be there at nine.

6. It’s possible that it will rain.

It might rain.

7. I’m sure we are lost.

We might be lost.

8. I’m sure that it’s the postman.

It could be the postman.

B. Read the sentences. Circle the correct word in each sentence.1. I think that we shouldn’t / oughtn’t / haven’t to use oil and coal.

2. Who’s at the door? It can be / could be / could to be Sue.

3. We won’t be able to / won’t can / can’t use petrol for private

transport by the end of the century.

4. She can’t / mustn’t / can be at home — I saw her in town 5

minutes ago.



5. Everybody should / ought / have to think carefully about the

amount of energy they use.

6. You mustn’t / don’t have to / haven’t to pay for food and drink –

everything is free!

7. I can / will / might come to the demonstration with you – I’m not

sure yet.

8. Look at that smoke – there must / has to / can be a fire at the

power station!

C. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning tothe first sentence. Use the words in brackets.

1. It would be a good idea for people to use renewable energy. (should)

People ________________________________________________

2. It isn’t necessary to pay to get into the museum. (have)

You ________________________________________________

3. I’m sure that Susan is not in class. I saw her in the playground. (be)

Susan ________________________________________________

4. I think we should do something about the government’s plants to open

a nuclear power plant here. (ought)

We ________________________________________________

5. It is prohibited to use coal in this area. (can’t)

You ________________________________________________

6. Perhaps renewable sources of energy will become cheaper in the

future. (might)

Renewable ________________________________________________



7. Must we be so short-sighted about fossil fuels? (have)

Do ________________________________________________

8. I’m sure that this letter is an electricity bill. (be)

This letter ________________________________________________



READING

A. Discuss these questions with a partner. Share your ideas. Thenread the FAQs page quickly to check your answers.

1. What is fracking?

2. How does fracking work?

3. What are the advantages of fracking?

4. What is the problem with fracking?

5. Where do they do fracking?

Fracking FAQs

What is fracking?

Fracking means hydraulic fracturing. It is a way of extracting gas from rocks

underground.

How does it work?

First they pump millions of litres of water mixed with chemicals and other elements

like sand or ceramics into the rocks. This cracks the rocks and releases the gas,

which is trapped inside. This gas is collected and piped to the surface.

What are the advantages of fracking?

Gas from fracking is 25% cleaner than oil or coal. There is plenty of the gas — it

won’t run out soon like oil or coal. For some countries, it helps to reduce their

dependence on energy from other countries.

What are the disadvantages?

Unfortunately there are lots of problems with this technique. The chemicals used inthe process are extremely toxic and can pollute underground water in aquifers and

rivers. Sometimes the gas can leak into the ground and into pipes. (In the USA there

are reports of methane gas coming out of taps, producing fizzy water which ignites.)

There are also people who say that the fracturing of the rocks causes earthquakes.

Where do they do fracking?

The biggest production of gas produced this way is from the USA. From 2006 – 2010

there was a 48% rise in the use of gas produced from shale. In Europe it is just

beginning but there is a lot of opposition. It has just begun in northern Spain, where

protest groups are trying to protect their environment from fracking projects.



A. Complete the sentences. Write one word in each gap.

1. Fracking is a way of bringing gas from ___________to the surface.

2. Fracking involves pumping lots of ____________ into a hole in the

rocks.

3. The rocks ____________ with the force of the water mixture.

4. The ____________ escapes from the cracks in the rock.

5. Oil and ____________ are much dirtier than gas produced from

fracking.

6. They mix poisonous ____________ with the water used in fracking.

7. Sometimes fracking causes ____________ in water supplies.

8. Most fracking happens in the ____________.

9. Lots of people in ____________ are against the idea of fracking.



LISTENING

http://www.quarked.org/scienceshorts/

A. Read the sentences and try to guess the missing words. Do notwrite anything.

From solar energy to fuel

1. Photons are packets or __________ of energy.

2. Plants and some other small __________ such as plankton use

energy from photons as part of the process of photosynthesis.

3. During photosynthesis energy from photons is stored in the tissues of

these organisms as chemical bonds in glucose or __________.

4. When an animal eats the plant, energy from these bonds is used as

__________ for growth and other activities.

5. This transfer of the energy through chemical bonds happens all the

way through the __________ web.

6. When we use the energy in chemical bonds from __________ or

recently living things as fuel, it is called biomass.

7. Burning __________ is an example of using biomass for fuel.

8. If plants or other small organisms become buried for millions of years,

they may become fossil fuels such as __________ or oil.

9. We burn coal, oil and __________ gas for energy.

10. Because coal and oil take millions of years to form there is a

__________ supply of both.






B. Watch and listen to the video. Complete the sentences by writing

one word in each gap.


Audioscript

From solar energy to fuel

Energy travels from the sun as particles of light cell photons.

Photons are packets or envelopes of energy. Plants and some other small organisms

such as plankton use energy from photons as part of the process of photosynthesis.

During photosynthesis energy from photons is stored in the tissues of theseorganisms as chemical bonds in glucose or sugar.

When an animal eats the plant energy, energy from these bonds is used as fuel forgrowth and other activities.

This transfer of the energy through chemical bonds happens all the way through thefood web.

When we use the energy in chemical bonds from living or recently living things asfuel, it is called biomass.

Burning wood is an example of using biomass for fuel.

If plants or other small organisms become buried for millions of years, they maybecome fossil fuels such as coal or oil. We burn coal, oil and natural gas for energy.Because coal and oil take millions of years to form there is a limited supply of both.

Scientists are looking at more renewable ways of using solar energy as fuel. Check out our other videos about electricity, heat and energy.






SPEAKING

A. Look at the pictures and discuss the questions below with a

partner.

1. What environmental problem does each picture show?

2. Which pictures show the effects of human action and which pictures

show the effects of nature?

3. How do you think the people affected by these problems feel?

4. What can governments do to prevent these problems?

Useful expressions

This picture shows (pollution)

(He) must be worried/unhappy/angry/desperate

Governments can (help clean up houses/spend money on…/make a law to

stop…)



B. Complete the statements with the names of eight classmates.Then take turns to ask and answer the questions. How many

of your statements are true?

1. __________ thinks that fracking is a bad idea.

2. __________ thinks that we can do a lot more to look after the

environment.

3. __________ understands how earthquakes happen?

4. __________ always recycles rubbish at home.

5. __________ can name an organisation that works to protect the

planet.

6. __________ uses public transport to travel to the next town.

7. __________ thinks it is important to use renewable energy.

8. __________ knew about fracking before this class.

Useful expressions

Do you (always recycle …)?

Can you (name …)

Did you (know …)?

Yes / No / It depends / I suppose so



WRITING

A. Match the questions and answers in the FAQs.

Wind Power FAQs

1. What is wind power? a) Wind power is renewable energy. It is easy tobuild wind turbines. Wind energy is clean. It

does not pollute the environment.

2. How does wind powerwork?

b) Europe and the USA are the biggest users of electricity produced by wind power. 16% of Spain’s electricity comes from hydroelectricpower.

3. What are theadvantages of wind

power?

c) It is a method of using the wind to generateelectricity.

4. What is the problemwith wind power?

d) First they put a wind turbine in a windy area.When the wind blows, the blades of the turbinemove around and create electricity.

5. Where do they usewind power?

e) When it isn’t windy, no electricity is generated.In some areas birds fly into wind turbines anddie.



B. Write some FAQs about hydro-electric power. Use the notes andthe model above to help you.

What? Use moving water to generate electricity

How? Build a dam on lake or river

Create pressure

Moving water turns generators to produce electricity

Advantages Renewable

Clean

No pollution

Problem(s) Expensive to build dams

Changes habitats

Where? 150 countries

China biggest producer

Spain produces lots of hydroelectricity



ANSWERS

VOCABULARY

A. a) wind power (RE)

b) nuclear power (NRE)

c) hydroelectric power (RE)

d) gas (NRE)

e) oil (NRE)

f) coal (NRE)

g) solar power (RE)

h) petrol (NRE)

B. 1. f

2. b

3. e

4. g

5. a

6. c

7. h

8. d



GRAMMAR

A. 1.

2. x

3.

4. x

5.

6.

7. x

8.

x

B. 1. shouldn’t

2. could be

3. won’t be able to

4. can’t

5. should

6. don’t have to

7. might

8. must

C. 1. People should use renewable energy.

2. You don’t have to pay to get into the museum.

3. I’m sure that Susan can’t be in class. I saw her in the playground.

4. We ought to do something about the government’s plants to open a

nuclear power plant here.

5. You can’t use coal in this area.

6. Renewable sources of energy might become cheaper in the future.

7. Do we have to be so short-sighted about fossil fuels?

8. This letter must be an electricity bill.



READING

B. 1. underground

2. water

3. crack

4. gas

5. coal

6. chemicals

7. pollution

8. USA

9. Europe

LISTENING

A. 1. envelopes

2. organisms

3. sugar

4. fuel

5. food

6. living

7. wood8. coal

9. natural

10. limited



WRITING

A. 1. c

2. d

3. a

4. e

5. b

Photos courtesy of: freedigitalphotos.net and Adamir for hydroelectric power station Perucac dam(Serbia); Xedos4 for solar panels; Think4photop for oil and gas drilling platform; Anusorn p Nachol forwind turbines; M_Bartosch for fuel pumps; Graur codrin for gas; Idea Go for danger nuclear; Dan for

coals (Types of Energy). Scottchan for dry land of global warming; Toa55 for destroyed tree in forest;Njaj for power station; Witthaya Phonsawat for house flood in Thailand; Think4photop for contaminatedbeach; John Kasawa for dead fish floating in river (Environmental Pollution)

ESO 3 4 Worksheet March 2013 Final

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