eSkwela_Module_1_ICT Basics (as of 01-13)

8/9/2019 eSkwela_Module_1_ICT Basics (as of 01-13)

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Concepts of ICT

Proper Handling of Computers

Keyboard and Mouse Operation

Linux Desktop Environment

File Management


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CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION ANDCONCEPTS OF INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY


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Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

3. Online opinion

What is Data?

What is Data?

Refers to the facts andfigures relating to events thattake place

refers to things known

a collection of independent rawfacts, numbers, letters, symbols


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3. Online opinion

What is Information?

What is Information?

Information is data that is mademeaningful based on the needs of theuser through manipulation.

A computer can only processdata and create new data.The data have to beinterpreted to yield theinformation


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3. Online opinion

Desirable Qualities of InformationDesirable Qualities of Information

Relevance

Completeness

Timeliness

Accuracy

Cost Effective

TIMELINESS


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3. Online opinion

Data Processing ConceptsData Processing Concepts

Input-Process-Output Model

Refers to a conceptual framework wherein input in

the form of data is processed which would result inthe generation of an output in the form of

information.

PROCESS

DATA INFORMATION

INPUT OUTPUT


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Data Processing CyclesData Processing Cycles

Flow of data fromthe moment it is

recorded until thetime it becomes a

usable piece of

information

Origination

Input

Preparation

Processing

OutputPreparation

Storage

Feedback


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3. Online opinion

What is Information Tec

hnology?

What is Information Tec

hnology?

Information Technology (IT) is the totality ofmeans employed to systematically collect, process,store, present, and share information, in support of

human intellectual activities.

Information Technology is also known asInformation and Communications Technology

(ICT)


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What is CommunicationWhat is Communication

Technology?Technology? The electronic transfer of information from one location to

another

DATA COMMUNICATIONS or DATACOM refers to digital

transmission.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS or TELECOM refers to a mix of

voice and data, both analog and digital

NETWORKING refers specifically to LANsand WANs. Transmission of informationover the network

WANWAN


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What is Computer?

What is Computer?

Computer is an electronic data processing machine

capable of performing mathematical and logical

operations and processing large volumes of data at

high speed


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Capabilities of ComputerCapabilities of Computer Ability to perform arithmetic and logical operations

Ability to store and retrieve information

Ability to handle large volumes of repetitive tasksaccurately

Can communicate with its operators and othermachines.

Capable of remote processing


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Limitations of ComputerLimitations of Computer Information is provided by a human being

Can detect but cannot correct an inaccurate entry

by itself

Subject to occasional breakdown


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Computer System ComponentsComputer System Components Dataware

The systematic and organized collection of data andprocedures relevant to the organization

Peopleware

The personnel who manage the EDP system, who designapplications, who write and encode the programs

Hardware

The computer and all of its physical components such as diskdrives, printer, input terminals

Software

The non-physical components such as computer programs,computer language and operating system


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Th

eTh

e DatawareDataware Specifies the manner in which data will be obtained

and prepared


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Th

eTh

e PeoplewarePeopleware Personnel involved in the design, development,

installation and maintenance of computer


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Th

e HardwareTh

e Hardware Refers to the equipment/devices that make the

computer system perform one or more functions

Computer and all of its other physical components

Functional Components

Input Devices

Output Devices

Central Processing Unit

Secondary Storage Unit

Data Communication Devices


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Input DevicesInput Devices Handle the entering in of programs and data

through the keyboard or other input devices

Keyboard MouseJoystick and wheel

Touch Screen

Stylus and Digital Pen

Digital Camera and Web Camera

Scanner

Bar Code Reader


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Output DevicesOutput Devices Translate the result of computer processing into

human readable form through the monitor or

printer


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Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit

Heart of the computer which handles the entire

operation of the system

Also known as the central processor and sometimes

the brain of the computer system


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StorageStorage

Also known as the secondary memory which serves

as the storage area of the computer system


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The Parts of the ComputerThe Parts of the Computer


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The SoftwareThe Software

Refers to the non-physical components, such as the

operating system and the machine coded

instructions that direct and control the different

hardware facilities

Types of Software

System Software

Application Software


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System SoftwareSystem Software

Provides an interface between the programmers and operatorsand between the hardware system and the applicationsoftware

Operating Systems

Supervises the overall operation of the computer, controls

the flow of programs in and out of the system, switches

input/output machines and calls program from storage


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Application SoftwareApplication Software

Refers to programs designed to perform specific dataprocessing tasks for a particular application

Usually written by the vendor or user that contains the logic to

update and maintain a companys records or files to ease theburden of day-to-day operation of the company


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Proper Use of ComputersProper Use of Computers


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Proper Use of Computers

VDT SyndromeVDT Syndrome

VDT Syndrome

Is health problem caused by wrong use of thecomputer and once occurs, it is hard to cure them.


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VDT SyndromesVDT Syndromes

VDT Syndromes are as follows.

Carpal tunnel syndrome:Pain at the hand andthe wrist and fingers become numbed.

Myofascial pain syndrome: Stiffness or sharppain at the back of neck, shoulder or waist.

Turtle neck syndrome: Forms a bent back posewith head forward.

Visual system indisposition syndrome: Loss ofsights or develop eye diseases like keratitis orconjunctivitis.

.


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Preventing VDTPreventing VDT

Lower the monitor and increase room humidity.

Place the computer 10~20 degrees below the eyelevel.

Wear protective glasses.

Take 15mins break for every hour.

Distance from user to monitor should be more than50cm, your fingertips touching the monitor when

stretched out. Choose monitor or computer models that produce

less electromagnetic waves.


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Preventing VDTPreventing VDT

Preventing VDT

Clean the monitors to prevent reflection from stainsor dusts.

Use blinds or curtains to prevent from monitor toreflect lights.

Lower the brightness of the monitor.

Avoid colors that provokes the eyes.

Sit properly at the chair with your back straight andbody close to the desk.

Feet should be placed on the floor and relaxed. Donot cross your legs..


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VDT Prevention Daily ExerciseVDT Prevention Daily Exercise

Arm Exercise Wrist Exercise Shoulder Exercise

Neck ExerciseWhole Body Exercise


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ProperWorkstation DesignProperWorkstation Design

1. Position in a well-ventilated room.

2. Use an adjustable workstation: ergonomiccomputer chairs.

3. Place the monitor 16 to 24 inches away, at eyelevel or slightly at a lower angle. Tilt the monitoror adjust the light source. Adjust the brightnessand contrast settings.

4. Use extendable/retractable legs of the keyboard.5. Mouse must be easily accessible by your dominant

hand.

6. Use a document holder to minimize vertical headmovements.


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ProperWorkstation DesignProperWorkstation Design

Position in a well-ventilated room

Use a document holder tominimize vertical head movements

Use an adjustable workstation:ergonomic computer chairs.


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Good PostureGood Posture


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GoodWorking HabitsGoodWorking Habits

Tap on the keys/mouse buttons gently.

Avoid long, uninterrupted periods of typing.

Take short stretch breaks, ideally every 20 minutes, toprevent fatigue.

Avoid staring at the monitor for long periods.

Take vision breaks: Focus on objects at least 20 feet away.

Do eye exercises.


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MOUSE AND KEYBOARDMOUSE AND KEYBOARD

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS


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Mouse and Keyboard Operations

Mouse OperationsMouse Operations

A mouse is a handheld pointing device for computers. It is fitted

with one or more buttons and shaped to fit naturally under the

hand, and is used to select and move objects on the screen.

Mouse Pointer: Often in the form of an arrow, represents the

movement of the mouse or any pointing device on the screen.

Used to point to selected areas, icons, applications, text, objects,

etc.


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Mouse OperationsMouse Operations

Point. Moving the mouse to the desired location and pointing to the object.

Click. Pressing the left mouse button

Double Click. Pressing the left mouse button twice. Used to start or open an

application Drag. Holding down the left mouse button while moving the mouse

Click and Drag. Action for highlighting a selection. Point the mouse button at

the start of the selection, and then click and drag the mouse to the end of the

selection.

Drag and Drop. Action for moving an object or selection. Click on the object

and hold down the mouse button, drag the object to desired location, and dropto the new destination by releasing the mouse button.

M d K b d O i


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PointersPointers

Different pointers you will encounter:

Mouse pointer (Normal Arrow): Appears if you have a mouse

installed and it is used to point or to select a command or objects.

Resizing Arrow: Two-headed arrow that appears at the window

borders to resize a window.

Insertion Arrow/Cursor: The I-beam that you usually see when

you are working on a document, showing the exact

location/position where you can type or insert text or graphic.

M d K b d O ti


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KeyboardKeyboard


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LINUX DESKTOP ENVIRONMENTLINUX DESKTOP ENVIRONMENT

Li D kt E i t


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Linux Operating SystemLinux Operating System

Linux is an operating system that is used today to run a variety of

applications on a variety of different hardware. It is a multitasking

and a multi-user operating system that has the ability to manage

thousands of tasks at the same time, including allowing severalusers to access the system simultaneously.



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EdubuntuEdubuntu LinuxLinux

Edubuntu is a complete Linux-based operating system, freely

available with community- based support.

Some highlights of Edubuntu

most of the KDE Edutainment Suite: a collection of fun educational

software (for science, Math, language)

Gcomprise: huge collection of activities for the kindergarten. It gently

introduces kids to basic computer use, then it builds on that by expanding

to basic maths, reading activities, and more.

Tux4Kids: includes TuxPaint, TuxMaths, and TuxTyping Schooltool

OpenOffice suite

Scribus desktop publishing: alternative to Pagemaker



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Log in toLog in to EdubuntuEdubuntu

Log in to the system to begin a session. To login (also log in, log

on, sign on) is the to access a computer system by entering your

user name so that you get credentials that will let the system give

you access. It is an integral part of computer security procedure. The use of a computer login procedure provides an audit trail for

use of the system.

Username: Used in preference to the full name of the user,

although that also is allowed.

Password: Another sequence of characters, kept secret from

others, that provides the user with a key to get into the system

Linux Operating System


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Linux Operating System

EdubuntuEdubuntu Login ScreenLogin Screen



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Overview of GNOMEOverview of GNOME

GNOME is the GNU graphical desktop, the default

desktop environment on Ubuntu, as well as Edubuntu. It

provides you with file managers, network browsers,

menus, and system tools.



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Desktop EnvironmentDesktop Environment



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Desktop EnvironmentDesktop Environment

Desktop: Where icons or symbolic representations of frequently

used files and folders may be placed. GNOME provides multiple

desktops, each of which has its own windows.

Panel: Located at the top of the screen, used to start applicationsand administer your system; contains the pulldown menus for

Applications, Places, System, and other icons which help you start

an application when clicked (e.g. Mozilla Firefox, Mail, and Help)

Taskbar: Located at the bottom of the desktop, used to switch

between and manage currently running applications.



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Parts of ApplicationWindowParts of ApplicationWindow



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Title Bar: Shows the name of the application or document. If

more than one window is open, the title bar for the active window

has a different color compared to the title bars of inactive

windows. Standard buttons on their title bar

Minimize button: Reduces the window to a button on the task bar.

Window is still open, just inactive.

Maximize button: To make your window occupy the entire desktop.

Restore button: To bring back the size of the window to its previous size(click the Restore button if the window is maximized or click the window

button from the taskbar if the window is minimized).

Close button: To close the current window or exit the application.


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Scroll Bars: A horizontal or vertical bar that contains a

box that looks like an elevator in a shaft.

Two types of Scroll Bars:1. Horizontal Scroll Bar: located at the bottom of a window or

application.

2. Vertical Scroll Bar: located at the right side of a window or

application.



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Working with ApplicationWorking with Application

WindowsWindows Opening a window

Double-click any icon from the Desktop or choose theapplication from the Panel.



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WindowsWindowsMoving a window to a different location

a. Drag the Title bar of the window to the new location.As you move the mouse pointer, an outline of the

window moves with it.

b. Release the mouse button.

c. To cancel the move, press ESC before releasing themouse.



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WindowsWindowsResizing a window

Use the Resizing Arrow to resize a window to the desired size.

The minimum size for all windows is about 2 inches by 1 inch.

Some windows, like the dialogue boxes, cannot be resized.



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WindowsWindowsSwitching Between Windows

Using the Taskbar Click with the left mouse button onthe appropriate taskbar button. This will bring you to the

selected application immediately.



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Getting HelpGetting Help

Help is available basically everywhere:

On the desktop, just use the right mouse button and

choose Help OnD

esktop. On the panel, click the Question Mark button.

All help is HTMLbased, so using the help system is as

easy as using your favorite web browser.



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Changing the DesktopChanging the Desktop

BackgroundBackgroundGNOME allows you to choose what image or pattern you have as

your desktop's background.

1. From the Panel, choose Preferences.

2. Click on the Desktop Background (the Desktop Background

dialogue box will appear)

3. Check the Fill Screen button to configure the wallpaper on the

desktop.

4. You can also choose theD

esktop color by clicking theD

esktopColors button.

5. Click the Close button if you are done setting up the Desktop

Background.



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Setting Up Screen SaverSetting Up Screen Saver

A screensaver is a moving pattern or bitmap that appears

on your monitor after you have not used your computer

for a specified amount to time. Screensavers can reduce

the wear of your screen and provide security for your

system.

Configuring Desktop


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Selecting a Screensaver

1. From the Panel, choose System.

2. Select Preferences and click Screensaver.3. The Screensaver dialog box will appear.

4. Select a screensaver from the list.

5. To configure the selected Screensaver, click the

Settings button and a Dialog box will appear.

Configuring Desktop


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Testing a Screensaver

From the Screensaver dialog box, choose Preview and

the selected Screensaver will appear.

Stopping a Screensaver

To return to the application window (i.e. your returning

to your work) when the Screensaver is on your screen,move the mouse or click any key from the keyboard to

reactivate the monitor.



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Terminating a Linux SessionTerminating a Linux Session

Logging Out

1. From the Panel, choose System.

2. Click Logout and a dialog box will appear.3. Choose an option below on how you want your system

to behave:

Logout

Shutdown Restart the computer

Hibernate the computer


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FILE MANAGEMENTFILE MANAGEMENT

File Management


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Managing FilesManaging Files

The File Browser is a powerful tool that can help organize your

files and directories.

You use File Browser to manage your files and directories like

moving, copying, starting an application, and many others.

To start the File Browser application, click on Computer from the

Places menu on the Panel.

A common metaphor for graphical desktops is the use offolders

to represent directories on your hard disk. Folders contain files

and other folders.

File Management


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Managing FilesManaging Files

File Management


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Identifying filesIdentifying files and directoriesand directories

You can use File Browser to work with files and

directories individually or in groups.

To the left of each filename or directory name inthe Contents list is an icon to help you identify its

type.

In File Browser, each filename or directory name

has an icon next to it, indicating what kind of file

it is. This is called loon.

File Management


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Creating Files or DirectoriesCreating Files or Directories

To create a directory:

1. From the Panel, click the Places menu.

2. Choose the Computer command from the Menu and theComputer File Browser dialogue box will appear.

3. Choose the destination of the folder/directory.

4. Right-click on the right pane and choose Create Folder.

5. Type the folder/directory name.

File Management


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Creating Files or DirectoriesCreating Files or Directories

To create an empty file:

1. From the Computer File Browser, choose the

destination of the file.2. Right-click on the right pane and choose Create

Document > Empty File.

3. Type the filename.

File Management


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Copying Files or DirectoriesCopying Files or Directories

To copy a file:

1. From the File Browser, choose the file you want to

copy.2. Right-click the file and choose the Copy command.

3. Select the destination of the file you want to copy.

4. Right-click the selected destination and choose the

Paste command.

File Management


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Copying Files or DirectoriesCopying Files or Directories

To copy a folder or directory:

1. From the File Browser, right-click the folder or

directory you want to copy and then choose the Copycommand.

2. Right-click on the selected destination and then choose

Paste.

File Management


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Moving Files or DirectoriesMoving Files or Directories

To move a file:


move.2. Right-click the file and click the Cut command.


4. Right-click the selected destination and choose the

Paste command or Paste in5. Folder if you want to put the file inside a folder.

File Management


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Moving Files or DirectoriesMoving Files or Directories

To move a folder or directory:

1. From the File Browser, choose the directory you want

to move.2. Right-click the file and click the Cut command.


4. Right-click the selected destination and click the Paste

command.

File Management


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Renaming Files or DirectoriesRenaming Files or Directories

To rename a file:


rename.

2. Right-click the file and click the Rename command.

3. Type the new filename and then press the Enter key.

File Management


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Renaming Files or DirectoriesRenaming Files or Directories

To rename a folder or directory:

1. From the File Browser, choose the directory you want

to rename.

2. Right-click the file and click the Rename command.

3. Type the new folder or directory name and then press

the Enter key.

File Management


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Deleting Files or DirectoriesDeleting Files or Directories

File deletion, or removing a file from a computer's file

system, is done for the following reasons:

To free up the disk space To remove duplicate or unnecessary data to avoid confusion

To make sensitive information unavailable to others

File Management


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To delete a file:


delete.

2. Press the Delete button from the keyboard.

File Management


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To delete a folder or directory:

1. From the File Browser, choose the folder or directory

you want to delete.

2. Press the Delete button from the keyboard.

File Management


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The common problem with deleting files is accidental

removal of information that later proves to be important.

Precautionary measures:

back up your files regularly

move them the trash, temporary place where they are kept until

one is really low on free space

mark important files as read-only

File Management


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The common problem with deleting files is accidental

removal of information that later proves to be important.

Precautionary measures:

back up your files regularly

move them the trash, temporary place where they are kept until

one is really low on free space

mark important files as read-only

File Management


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Viewing Contents of Drives orViewing Contents of Drives or

DirectoriesDirectoriesChanging Folders orDirectories:

You can display the content of a resource available on

your system by clicking the resource from the Side

Pane.

1. Click a resource on the Side Pane and the content of the

resource will be displayed on the right half of the File

Browser.

2. To change the folder or directory being viewed, double-clickon the Folder orDirectory you want to view.

File Management


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Displaying Subfolders andDisplaying Subfolders and

subdirectoriessubdirectories If the folder or directory you want is not displayed,

expand that particular folder or directory by clicking the

arrow beside the resource.

1. Click the folder or directory whose contents you want to

view.

2. To go back, click the Back button from the Toolbar.


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eSkwela_Module_1_ICT Basics (as of 01-13)

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