ESD.EA: ESD, MODULE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT … · ENVIRONMENT AND COMPUTER LABORATORY I...
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ENVIRONMENT AND COMPUTER LABORATORY I ESD.EA: ESD, MODULE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LAB AND EXERCISES) Stephan Pfister ETH Zurich, Institute for Environmental Engineering, Ecological Systems Design Group ECL 1; introduction Zurich, September 22, 2015
Transcript of ESD.EA: ESD, MODULE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT … · ENVIRONMENT AND COMPUTER LABORATORY I...
ENVIRONMENT AND COMPUTER LABORATORY I
ESD.EA: ESD, MODULE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LAB AND EXERCISES)
Stephan Pfister ETH Zurich, Institute for Environmental Engineering,
Ecological Systems Design Group
ECL 1; introduction
Zurich, September 22, 2015
Setting
Lecture:
• Advanced Environmental, Social and Economic Assessment (6 ECTS)
Corresponding Software Lab and Exercise:
• Environment and Computer Laboratory I (Lab and project work)
• Project work (LCA report and review) is mandatory and results an additional ECTS (part of the lecture)
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2.25 ECTS
5 ECTS
+1 ECTS
Goal
• Advanced knowledge in LCA
• Know important software tools
• Perform a real life cycle assessment of a case study
• Do a critical review on a study from a colleague
• Work independently (critical thinking)
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Lab Class: Tuesdays 8.00 – 9.45, HIL E15.2
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Date Topic Lecturer
22/09/2015 Introduction, SimaPro Stephan Pfister, Abhishek Chaudhary
29/09/2015 SimaPro / Q&A project work Stephan Pfister, Abhishek Chaudhary
20/10/2015 Comparing LCI databases Rolf Frischknecht
27/10/2015 Aveny LCA (uncertainty) Stephan Pfister, Abhishek Chaudhary
3/11/2015 Q&A project work Stephan Pfister
10/11/2015 Risk Assesssment: / USETOX Stephan Pfister, Catherine Raptis
17/11/2015 STAN: MFA software* Florian Suter, Abhishek Chaudhary
24/11/2015 MATLAB: Uncertainty Modelling Bernhard Steubing, Laura Scherer
1/12/2015 Optimization techniques Carl Vadenbo
15/12/2015 Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) Judit Lienert
Specific information through emails and polybox folder
Organisational aspects (I)
• Webpage: http://www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD/education/master/ECLI/index_EN
• Project description: http://www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD/education/master/ECLI/Project.pdf
• Communication via email lists • Please register for the class ASAP
• Documents shared through polybox (uploads of deliverables)
• Google form by September 27, 2015 • Choose case (building / gas) • Choose partner (if any) • Accept SimaPro user agreement • http://goo.gl/forms/g8hIgqlxEM
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Organisational aspects (II)
• LCA study
• Work individually or in teams of 2 students
• Deadline concept: • October 31, 2015
• Deadline LCA report: • December 12, 2015
• Review: • Deadline:
• December 19, 2015
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Grading
• The LCA report and review are evaluated and graded (concept 10%, report 65%; review 25%)
• for the lab part (~2.25 ECTS)
• for the extra credit point (counts as 15% of the lecture “Advanced Environmental, Social and Economic Assessment”)
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LCA case studies
• Biogas: • Assess the environmental impact of biogas in
comparison to other alternatives
• Buildings • Assess the environmental impact of wood and
concrete buildings based on different energy standards
• Analyze specific issues of advanced LCA
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Main tasks
• Define goal and scope • Functional unit
• System boundaries
• Describe simplifications & included/neglected aspects
• Analyze system (LCI & LCIA) • Compare alternatives under uncertainty
• Interpret results and improve the model
• Critical review: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11367-012-0426-7?no-access=true
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Example: rough LCA of silverware
• Fork: 53g, 4.90 CHF
• Spoon: 65g, 4.90 CHF
• Knife: 100 g, 5.90 CHF
ecoinvent process: chromium steel 18/8
-> Knife blade is chromium steel 13/0, no process
-> assess 100 /200 g of steel
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LCA results in 5 minutes
• 1kg Chromium steel 18/8, at plant • 0.6 RECIPE points
• 4.5 kg CO2-eq (100 years)
• 1 kg Swiss sugar: • 0.05 RECIPE points
• 0.50 kg CO2-eq (100 years)
-> 1 knife ~ 2kg sugar, 1 spoon/fork ~ 1 kg sugar
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Hints Buildings
• Hints ecoinvent processes: • Building, hall, steel construction/CH/I U
• Building, hall, wood construction/CH/I U
• Building, multi-storey/RER/I U
• Hint ecoinvent report: 07_BuildingProducts.pdf; page 41ff.
• Hints Minergie / Minergie P: • Annual overall energy demand (hot water and heating): Minergie P: 30 kWh/m2 Minergie: 38 kWh/m2
• Typical insulation (e.g. Polystyrene):
• Minergie P: 35cm Minergie: 25cm
• Indoor exposure: • Check indoor exposure exercise for adjusting factors
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Building
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Issue Tool/Sources Class
Adjust generic dataset for building incl. use phase to specific
building
SimaPro, ecoinvent reports,
Materials on Polybox
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Compare wood vs. concrete building (simplified approach) SimaPro / ecoinvent / Hints on
Polybox
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Electricity mix for heating: adjust the electricity mix in the
ecoinvent dataset for heat exchange pump (e.g. Swiss vs. Germany
electricity mix)
SimaPro / ecoinvent 1
Uncertainty assessment: Analyse your final system comparison
including uncertainties in the foreground process
Aveny LCA / Matlab 1
Determine the carbon footprint and compare it to an assessment
according to an LCIA assessment for the category climate change
according to IPCC methodology. Discuss the differences (e.g. future
vs. current emissions & time horizon)
Based on lecture material 2
Assess indoor exposure (exercise sheet) and compare the impact to
the overall human toxicity score of the building according to the
USEtox method
Exercise sheet / USETOX 2
Perform a Life Cycle Costing analysis Based on LCC report provided
on Polybox
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Compare results using LCI datasets from different databases and
discuss the results critically
Ecoinvent / ILCD 2
Hints Natural Gas
• Hint ecoinvent report: 17_Bioenergy, page 177ff.
• Hints allocation:
• Table 12.16 Check allocation for biogas and waste
• Use avoided burden concept for Biogas from waste for comparison with biogas from crops
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Issue Tool/Sources Class
Analyze different biogas production options in the Swiss biogas mix
and compare them
SimaPro, ecoinvent reports,
Materials on Polybox
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Compare natural vs. biogas used in a car and discuss the different
impacts (especially emissions after digestion)
SimaPro/ecoinvent 1
Discuss allocation issue with waste management considering of
different techniques (avoided burden, economic allocation)
Based on ecoinvent report (as
indicated in the hints)
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Uncertainty assessment: Analyze your final system comparison
including uncertainties in the foreground process
Aveny LCA / Matlab 1
Determine the carbon footprint and compare it to an assessment
according to an LCIA assessment for the category climate change
according to IPCC methodology. Discuss the differences (e.g.
different emissions & time horizon or land use change emissions)
Based on lecture material 2
Compare results from pesticide use in feedstock (crops grown for
biogas) production using LCIA methods and the USETOX tool
USETOX/SimaPro 2
Analyze the land use impacts for biogas feedstock from two different
locations and two different crops (applying spatially explicit impact
assessment)
Lecture material/ecoinvent 2
Compare results using LCI datasets from different databases and
discuss the results critically
Ecoinvent / ILCD 2
INTRODUCTION TO SIMAPRO HOW TO MODEL?
Stephan Pfister ETH Zurich, Institute for Environmental Engineering, Ecological Systems Design Group
ETH Zurich, 2014
Based on material from: An De Schryver & Ronnie Juraske (2011)
STRUCTURE OF SIMAPRO
Databases, libraries, processes and product stages
Software program:
• Managing of data
• Storing of data
• Making calculations
• Check the reliability
LCI
LCIA
Intepretation
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Structure of SimaPro Database
www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Ecoinvent BUWAL ETH-ESY
General
data
Project B
Project A
3,6 MJElectricity, low
voltage, productionUCTE, at
0,0257
0,5 tkmTransport, lorry28t/CH S demo
0,0109
1,5 kgRecycling
aluminium S demo
-1,28
1 pdispose aluminium
part
-1,24
1,5 kgRecycling onlyB250 avoided
demo
-1,28
Project
…
Units
Subst.
Images
…
Project 1
0,48 MJ
Heat diesel B250
0,00441
0,22 MJ
Electricity from coal
B250
0,00187
0,353 MJ
Electricity from gas
B250
0,00522
0,72 MJ
Electricity
Netherlands B250
0
0,25 tkm
Truck 28t B250
0
1 kg
Planks
0,00702
Project 2
1,35E3 MJ
Electricity , low
v oltage,
9,62
9,49 kg
Municipal waste
NL 2002 S demo
0,927
8,12 kg
Incineration S
demo
0,948
7,4 kg
Paper,
wood-containing,
1,13
1 p
Lif e cy cle model
Sima (plastic)
12,6
3,65E3 p
Filter production
1,19
3,65E3 p
Use of a cof f ee
f ilter
1,31
General
data
Units
Subst.
Images
…
Ecoinvent BUWAL …
Libraries
77 numbered *.nx1 files
SimaPro libaries
Two types of libraries:
One Method library
• 14 different impact assessment methods within SimaPro
Number of Data libraries
• 2 types:
• Based on physical values: ex, the use of 1kg of paper
• Based on financial values: ex, the use of 1$ of paper (input-output libraries) 21
www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Ecoinvent library (ecoinvent 2.2)
• More than 4000 processes • Including capital goods, Good quality
• For some processes: regional differences (Swiss and average Europe)
• American, Asian electricity mixes, agricultural processes,…
• Uncertainty in the data (MC)
• In SimaPro picture provided with most processes
• Consistent and well documented
• Updated regularly
• Includes Unit processes and System processes
For more info: www.ecoinvent.ch
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www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
New: Ecoinvent library (ecoinvent 3.1)
• More than 10’000 processes • Including capital goods, Good quality
• For some processes: regional differences (Swiss and average Europe)
• American, Asian electricity mixes, agricultural processes,…
• New compared to version 2.2: • 3 system models (different allocation):
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www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
In SimaPro In ecoinvent
“Allocation, ecoinvent default" also known as APOS system model (Allocation at the Point of Substitution)
“Allocation, cut-off by classification" or cut-off system model in short
“substitution, consequential, long-term" also known as consequential system model
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Ecoinvent processes
www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Unit processes: large network
for every process
System processes: aggregated data (one box per process)
Process A
Process B
Process F
Process C
Process D Process E
Process G
Process A
Why? Process A
Process B
Process F
Process C
Process D
Process E
Process G
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ecoinvent 3.1
www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
• Market vs. Transformation processes: • Transformation process is e.g. production (physical processes)
• Market is a production mix (has as inputs different transformation processes)
HOW TO MODEL IN SIMAPRO?
1. Opoen SimaPro
2. Search for the database: Browse !
C/users/Public/Public documents/Simapro/Database
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How to model in SimaPro
www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Create a new project: Introduction to SimaPro
Open a project
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Explore SimaPro
www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Navigate through SimaPro
Look at the libraries
Click on description
Click on processes
Case study: water bottle
• Learn how to model in SimaPro
• Model the production of a plastic water bottle
www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Non reusable plastic bottle
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www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Model a material (under processes)
New material
Choose a folder or make a new one
Model a material (under processes)
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www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Name of the material
Input materials and processes
Emissions to air, water and soil.
Waste type
• Within SimaPro each material is send to waste scenario
• Waste scenario describes where waste is going
• Waste treatment describes the emissions per kg waste land filled or burned
• This is based on the waste type
You flag the material
Waste scenario send waste to specific waste treatment
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www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Waste Types
• Shows processes
• Can be added to waste scenarios
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www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Summary: Model a material (under processes)
• Have a look in SimaPro
• Make a new folder
• Open a new process
• Several Tabs
• Documentation: Description and specification of the data
• Input/ Output: The data of your process
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www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Model a material
• Material a: 20gr of Plastic bottle • 22gr of PET (RER, S)
• Blow molding of the plastic (RER, S)
• 2 gr waste during production: municipal incineration (treatment)
• Material b: 3gr of plastic cap • 3.75 gr Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, ABS
• 0.75gr of waste during production: municipal incineration, plastic mixture
Work on your own: 15min
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www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Use ecoinvent unit processes
Combine your materials
• Model the full plastic bottle
• 20gr bottle
• 3gr of cap
• Pumping, purifying & filling process: 0.02 kWh/bottle (UCTE electricity mix, medium voltage)
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www.ifu.ethz.ch/ESD
Work on your own: 10min
