MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY ANDINNOVATION (MOSTI)

APPLICATION FORM FOR SCIENCEFUND

For enquiries, please contact:ScienceFund Secretariat,

Science, Technology and Innovation Division,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation,

Level 2, Block C5, Parcel C,Federal Government Administrative Centre

62662 Putrajaya.Tel: 603 – 88858000Fax: 603 – 88892994

Email: sciencefund@mosti.gov.myhttp://ernd.mosti.gov.my

MOSTI

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PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

A. Project number (Please leave it blank)

B. Project title

Harnessing Cooling Effects from a Portable Thermoacoustic Refrigeration

C. Project leader (Please indicate the name and identification number of the project leader)

Name: Normah Mohd Ghazali

Designation: Dr

NRIC: 610509086002

D. Organisation (Please indicate the name, address, telephone and fax of the organisation in which the project leader is

based)

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia Tel : 07-5504615 Fax : 07-5566159

E. Key words (Please provide a maximum of 5 key words that describe the research of the project. The key words will be

incorporated in a database on Malaysian research)

Thermoacoustic refrigeration , Portable

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A. Specific objective of the project (Please describe the measurable general and specific objectives of the project and define the expected results. Use results-oriented wording with verbs such as "to define ...", "to determine ...", "to identify ...") (10000 characters)

This research will address these issues in a series of experiments(i) To eliminate or reduce heat transfer from the driver housing and the surroundings to the stack

and heat exchangers of the thermoacoustic refrigeration system.(ii) To obtain the designed temperature drop across the cold and hot heat exchangers considering

optimized available materials of different thickness and geometry taking into consideration manufacturability and cost.

(iii) To obtain an effective cooling effects from the cold heat exchanger

B Type of research

Strategic Basic Research

Applied Research

C. Research Cluster and SEO Categories being addressed by the project (Please identify the Research Priority Cluster, SEO Category, SEO Group and SEO Area which most appropriately describe the main beneficiary of your proposed project. The SEO Category is obtained under the SEO Division. Please select the SEO from the Malaysian Research and Development Classification, 4th

Edition)*

Research Cluster: Alternative Energy

SEO Category: Natural Sciences, Technologies and Engineering

SEO Group: Engineering Sciences

SEO Area: Engineering Sciences

D. Fields of research (Please identify the two main FOR Categories, FOR Groups and FOR areas, which most appropriately describe the scientific discipline of your proposed project.

Primary Field of Research

FOR Category : Engineering Sciences

FOR Group and Code : Mechanical Engineering

FOR Area and Code: Air - Conditioning and Refrigeration

· Secondary Field of Research

FOR Category : -

FOR Group and Code : -

- FOR Area and Code : -

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PROJECT OBJECTIVES

RESEARCH BACKGROUND

B. Research background of the project (Please indicate if the project is new, modified or extended. Give a summary of your literature review to indicate the originality of the proposed research, and describe related research to assist in assessing the research rationale and the potential for success)

· Project status (please indicate) New Modification to Extension ofPrevious project existing project

· Literature review summary (10000 characters)

Thermoacoustic effects involve heat exchanging process between solid boundaries and oscillating fluid. Handbook data for today’s heat exchangers are for steady flow, while thermoacoustic experiments involve oscillating flow. To date, the design of heat exchangers for thermoacoustic devices is a process of compromising among many worthy goals: high heat transfer on the thermoacoustic side, low acoustic power dissipation on the acoustic side, small temperature difference within the metal barrier between thermoacoustic fluid and cooling water, high heat transfer coefficient on the cooling water side, low pressure drop on the cooling water side, low cost, and low risk (Ref: Thermoacoustic: A Unifying Perspective for Some Engines & Refrigerators, Greg Swift, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2001). This research will investigate the greatest degree of cooling that can be generated once the heat interactions between the driver housing, stack, heat exchanger, and the surrounding can be controlled. A cooling system will be designed and assimilated into this thermoacoustic system so that the cooling effect can be measured and utilized for special purposes. The current available system was design on Tijani’s design (Loudspeaker-driven thermoacoustic refrigeration, PhD thesis Netherlands, 2001) whose design and fabricated rig did not include heat exchanger that are part of the cooling system. Cooling was just measured directly at the end of the stack where thermoacoustics effect occurred.

· Related research(10000 characters)

There is at present a thermoacoustic refrigeration system powered by electricity which was designed, fabricated (Ref : Constructions & Performance of a Thermoacoustics Refrigerator, Journal of Cryogenics, 42:59-66,2002) and tested at UTM (Vot 74166). It is the first of its kind in Malaysia. The system had been tested at several sites and had shown consistency and repeatability in producing thermoacoustics effect from solid-fluid interactions (Vot 74166, Report in Progress). However, although the thermoacoustics effects have been proven –there exists a temperature difference across the stack caused by oscillating Helium gas- cooling effects could not be produced due to the heat transfer interactions between the driver housing, attack, heat exchanger and the surrounding. It is crucial that further grants be secured to address this issue and thus demonstrate an environmentally friendly without using any compressor.

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The current thermoacoustics system (using helium) being assembled

RELEVANT PAST RESEARCH PROJECT

A. Project title (200 characters)

Environmentally Friendly Refrigeration with Thermoacoustic

B. Research Team Name Institution

· Programme head:

· Project leader: Dr Normah Mohd Ghazali UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia

· Key researchers: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azhar Abd. Aziz, Mr. Srithar Rajoo, Mr. Nor Aswadi Che Sidek

UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia

C. Description of the project (Please indicate project customers/beneficiaries, research approach adopted and outputs) (1000 characters)

The project was mainly focused on the numerical simulation, design and fabrication of the thermoacoustics refrigerator.

D. Describe how it is relevant to the proposed project (500 Characters)

The cooling effects of this research will be studied.

E. Other collaborators involved in the project(Please indicate the organisation that led the project)

Name: Mr Cheng Chin Fook

Organisation : Curtin University of Technology of Technology, Sarawak Campus

Name:

Organisation:

F. Source of Funding *

Program:Provider:

Program:Provider:

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A. Research methodology (Please describe the research methodology to be followed. Identify specialised equipment, facilities and infrastructure which are required for the project, and indicate which are new) (10000 characters)

Special Equipment1) Scanning Thermocouple 2) Computer3)

Facilities1) Thermoacoustics System2)

Infrastructure1) Thermodynamics Lab2)

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RESEARCH APPROACH

Controlled tests

Identify factors inhibiting cooling

at cold heat exchanger

Reduce/ Eliminate factor

Cooling?

Site Tests

Acceptable?

Modification for portable cooling

Site Tests

Cooling?

Complete

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

B. Project activities (Please list and describe the main project activities, including those associated with the transfer of the research results to customers/beneficiaries.The timing and duration of these activities are to be shown in the Gantt chart)(100 characters per activity)

Activities mth/year to mth/year

1. Study on conventional / non-convensional cooling system. Jan/07 Mac/07

2. Controlled tests to identify factors pertinent to heat transfer interactions on Thermoacoustics refrigeration system. Jan/07 May/07

3. Thermoacoustics refrigeration cooling effects tests May/07 July/074. Site Testing July/07 Oct/075. Modification to develop portability of system with

10-20 volt battery Oct/07 May/086. Site Testing May/08 Oct/087. Final Tests. Oct/08 Dec/08

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E. Key milestones (Please list the of the project. The timing of milestones is to be shown in the Gantt chart. A milestone is achieved when a significant phase in the project is reached, e.g. completion of test, commissioning of equipment, etc. There must be at least 2 milestones per year).Note: There must be at least one milestone for every half yearE.g. January to June (first half) and July to December(second half); Assuming a project duration is from March 2004 till June 2005 (where June 2005 will be determined by the last milestone). Therefore, there should be at least one milestone in between March 2004 and June 2004. Subsequently, there should also be at least one milestone in every half year until the completion of

the project that is in between July 2004 to Dec 2004 and Jan 2005 to June 2005.(100 characters per milestone)

Milestone Mth/year

1. Completion of a cooling system of a thermoacoustics refrigeration July/072. Completion of site tests of a thermoacoustics refrigeration Oct/073. Completion of portable system of a thermoacoustics refrigerator May/084. Completion of site tests of a portable thermoacoustics refrigerator July/08

D. Risks of the project (Please describe factors the that may cause delays in, or prevent implementation of, the project as proposed above; estimate the degree of risk)(2000 characters)

Factors:

1. Fabrication

2. Experimental and data analysis

3. Site testing

Low Medium HighTechnical risk:

Remark (250 characters): This occur when some technical problem need try and error to solve the problem.

Timing risk:Remark (250 characters): This mostly depends on the fabrication factor. Thermoacoutics

system needs critical dimension which sometimes exceed the fabricator time limit.

Budget risk:Remark (250 characters): We have encountered this problem before, so this time we can

avoid this problem from occur again.

E. Duration (State the planned starting date of the project and the elapsed time, in months, to complete this project; technology transfer activities should be excluded from elapsed time)

Starting Date: January 2007

Completion Date: December 2008

Duration/elapsed time in month (Duration should be generated based on the starting date and the last milestone date):

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PROJECT SCHEDULE

ResearchActivity

2007 2008J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Study on convensional / non convensional cooling systemControlled tests to identify factors pertinent to heat transfer interactions on thermoacoustics refrigeration systemThermoacoustics refrigeration cooling effects testsSite Testing

Modification to develop portability of system with 10-20 volt batterySite Testing

Final Tests

Technology Transfer Activities(Project Milestone)

Completion of a cooling system of a thermoacoustics refrigeration ●Completion of site tests of a thermoacoustics refrigeration ●Completion of portable system of a thermoacoustic refrigerator ●Completion of site tests of a portable thermoacoustics refrigerator ● Planned milestone

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PROJECT BENEFITS

A. Outputs expected from the project (For Basic research projects please use the following list of outputs / For Applied research

(technology development) projects please use the following list of outputs)  Basic Research Quantity Details\Remarks(250 characters):

Applied ResearchQuantity Details\Remarks(250 characters):

The completion and success of the cooling effects from the thermoacoustics refrigeration will be a breakthrough for UTM and Malaysia since this is the first such system here. The system than can demonstrate the application of thermoacoustics refrigeration – without compressor or refrigerant- for specific use.I.e. Medicine transport to remote areas that require cooling.

Human capital and expert development (Please fill in the contribution of the project in human capital and expert development):

Quantity Specialisation Area (specific area):

Post doctorate

Doctorate degree

Masters degrees

Bachelor

Research staff with new specialization

2 Thermoacoustics

2 Thermoacoustics

 B. Economic contributions of the project (Please fill in the economic contributions of the project)

Sales of manufactured product/ device/ equipment

Royalties from licensing

Revenue from consultancies

Cost savings

Time savings

Other (please specify) C. Infrastructural contributions of the project (Please fill in the infrastructural contributions of the project)

Quantity Detail

New equipment

New/ improved facility

New information networks

Other (please specify)

1 Successful cooling system is ready for prototype

RESEARCH COLLABORATOR

A. Research organisations involved in the project (Please identify all research organisations collaborating in the project, and

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describe their role/contribution to the project) *

Organisation Involved OtherRole:Curtin University of Technology, Sarawak Campus

Organisation Involved OtherRole:

Organisation Involved OtherRole:

B. Industry linkages (Please identify any industry or end-user group involved in the project, and describe its role/contribution to the project) *

Industry:Role:Contact Person:Email:Company Address:Fax:Tel:

Industry:Role:Contact Person:Email:Company Address:Fax:Tel:

Industry:Role:Contact Person:Email:Company Address:Fax:Tel:

C. Project Team

Name1 Organisation Man-months2 on project

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Project Leader (Please provide name)

Dr Normah Mohd. Ghazali UTM 5

Researchers (Please provide names or numbers of

researchers) (make sure researcher have register themselves as a researcher in eSciencefund database)

1. Dr. Shafiek b. Hj Yaacob

2. Mr. Aminuddin Saat

3. Mr Cheng Chin Fook

UTM

UTM

Curtin University of

Technology, Sarawak

Campus

3

3

3

Support Staff (Please indicate how many)

1 UTM 2

Contract Staff (Please indicate how many)

3 (Research Officer) 72

Total 100

1

2

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CONTRACTUAL MATTERS

A. Contractual obligations under this project (Please indicate any contractual obligations with third parties that will be entered in for this project)

B. Ownership of intellectual property rights (Please indicate the organisation(s) that will own the intellectual property rights that may arise from this project)

- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

13STAFF COST ESTIMATION WORKSHEET

Role in Project Total Project Leader Researchers Support Staff Contract Staff

Daily Rate (RM) 459.13 150.00 150.00 75.00 84.13

Research Activities Man-Days1

1. Initial study and analysis

2. Test and analysis3. Site tests.

408392400

221820

403236

888

288288288

Total Year 1 ( 2007) Man-days 1056 60 108 24 864

Total Year 1 ( 2007) Cost (RM)2 99700 9000 16200 1800 72700

1. Modification2. Tests3. Site tests

399402399

202020

363636

7107

288288288

Total Year 2 (2008) Man-days 1056 60 108 24 864

Total Year 2 (2008) Cost (RM)2 99700 9000 16200 1800 72700

Total Project Man days 2112 120 216 48 1728

Total Project Staff Cost (RM) 199400 18000 32400 3600 145400

Total Man-months3 88 5 9 2 72

Notes1. For each research activity, estimate the man-days required by each staff category.2. Compute the staff cost for each year by multiplying the total man-day by the daily rate of the corresponding staff category. For daily rate computation, refer to the Guidelines.3. Compute the total man-months required for the project by dividing the total project man-days by 24. Numbers in parentheses are expense codes as shown in Form VII.

DIRECT EXPENSES ESTIMATION

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A. Expense Categories and items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Total

Travel and transportation (V21000)

13,500 3,500 17,000

1. Initial site testing2. Site testing3. Seminar4. Others

2,000-

10,0001,500

-2,000

-1,500

2,0002,000

10,0003,000

Rentals (V24000) 2,500 2,000 4,500

1. Gas tank and etc2. Others

1,0001,500

1,0001,000

2,0002,500

Research materials and supplies (V26000)

40,000 17,000 57,000

1. Cooling System2. Thermocouple, connector

and etc3. Material : Mylar, PE ,

Copper and etc4. Gases ( Helium)5. Others (Jointer, moving coil

speaker, tube and etc)

10,000

2,000

3,00015,000

10,000

-

-

2,0005,000

10,000

10,000

2,000

5,00020,000

20,000

Minor modifications and repairs (V28000)

15,000 - 15,000

1. Modification 15,000 - 15,000

Special services (V29000) - 5,000 5,000

1. Consultation from USA - 5,000 5,000

Special equipment and accessories (V35000)

16,000 - 16,000

1. Scanning Thermometer(Order from USA)

2. Computer and etc

10,000

6,000

-

-

10,000

6,000

Total direct expenses 87,000 27,500 114,500

**For all Special Equipment (V35000), please provide description on the following page

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Special Equipment and Accessories (Please describe and provide justification for major purchases)

1. Description Scanning Thermometer is used to measure temperature directly from the heating devices.

2. Justification This equipment is important in this project because the main parameter to be determined from the testing is the temperature. So this device can show the temperature and log-it into the computer. Further more, there are only a couple of scanning thermometer in faculty of mechanical engineering.

3. Estimated Cost: This device is come direct from USA, no other nearest branch can be found. Inclusive the postage from USA to Malaysia, cost is expected not to exceed more than RM 10,000.

RM10,000.00

Special Equipment and Accessories (Please describe and provide justification for major purchases)

1. Description Computer is needed to analyze the data from Scanning thermometer.

2. Justification To do the site testing, it is difficult to bring desktop computer. A laptop is easier, especially where so no electricity supply is available.

3. Estimated Cost: The computer and peripherals are estimated about RM 6,000.

RM6,000

Special Equipment and Accessories (Please describe and provide justification for major purchases)

1. Description

2. Justification

3. Estimated Cost:

Please provide copy of quotations from supplier of special equipments, if available

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A. Staff costs (Please include the yearly staff costs of the project. For computation, use the Staff Cost Estimation Form in Appendix D. Numbers in parentheses refer to expense codes)

Staff Category Year 1 (2007) Year 2 (2008) Year 3 ( ) Year 4 ( ) Year 5 ( ) Total

· Salaried personnel(V 11100)

27,000 27,000 54,000

Sub-total staff costs 27,000 27,000 54,000

B. Direct project expense (Please include the yearly direct expenses of the project. For computation, use the Direct Expenses Estimation Form. Numbers in parentheses refer to expensa codes)

Staff Category Year 1 (2007) Year 2 (2008) Year 3 ( ) Year 4 ( ) Year 5 ( ) Total

Temporary and contract personnel (V 11000)

Travel and transportation (V 21000)

Rentals (V24000)

Research material and supplies (V26000)

Minor modifications and repair (V 28000)

Special services (V29000)

Special equipment and accessories (V35000)

72,700

16,000

2,500

31,000

15,000

5,000

16,000

72,700

3,500

2,000

17,000

15,000

5,000

-

145,400

19,500

4,500

48,000

30,000

10,000

16,000

Sub-total staff costs 158,200 115,200 273,400

C. Total cost (Please add the sub-totals of A and B)

Year 1 (2007) Year 2 (2008) Year 3 ( ) Year 4 ( ) Year 5 ( ) Total

185,200 142,200 327,400

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PROJECT FUNDING

PROJECT COST

A. Funding sources (Please indicate funding sources for the project; see list of funding sources in the Guidelines)

Funding Sources RM % of Total Funding

· ScienceFund

· Internal Funds

· Other Sources (please specify)

273,400.00

54,000.00

83.5%

16.5%

Total 327,400.00 100%

B. Disbursement schedule for IRPA funds, by participating research organisation (Please indicate how IRPA funding for the project will be allocated)

Organisation Year 1

(2007)

Year 2

(2008)

Year 4

( )

Year 5

( )

Year 6

(………...)

UTM 158,200.00 115,200.00

Total IRPA Grant 158,200.00 115,200.00

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