Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

Erikson’s Psychosocial

Stages of Development

EDU105

Erik EriksonBorn Erik Salomonsen

German Developmental Psychologist

June 15, 1902 (Frankfurt Main, Germany) – May 12, 1994 (Harwich, Cape Cod, Massachusetts)

Erik Salomonsen

INTRO TO THE 8 PSYCHOSOCIAL

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Psychosocial – psychological (or the root, “psycho” relating to the mind, brain, personality, etc.) & social (external relationships and environment)

Erikson’s theory was greatly influenced by Sigmund Freud

His theory is a basis for broad or complex discussion and analysis of personality and behavior, and also for understanding and facilitating development – of self and others.

Each stage involves a “psychosocial crisis” of two opposing emotional forces



2 DISPOSITIONS:

*SYNTONIC – POSITIVE

*DYSTONIC – NEGATIVE

If both dispositions are not managed well, we may develop MALADAPTATION & MALIGNANCY

VIRTUES are being carried if a stage is managed well



BASIC TRUST VS MISTRUST

Stage 1Infancy

Maladaptation

Sensory Maladjust

ment

Malignancy

Withdrawal

Psychosocial Crisis

Trust Vs. Mistrust

VirtueHope

Too Much Mistrust

Too Much Trust


INFANT STAGE: Birth to 8 months

GOAL: to develop trust without completely eliminating the capacity for mistrust

Developing trust is the first task of the ego, and it is never complete.


TRUST – Firm belief in reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something.

MISTRUST – State of being suspicious; lack of trust


MALADAPTATION:

SENSORY MALADJUSTMENT – Overly trusting

MALIGNANCY:

WITHDRAWAL – Characterized by depression, paranoia & psychosis


VIRTUE:

HOPE – strong belief that when things are not going well, they will work out well in the end.

AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND

DOUBTStage 2Early

Childhood

Maladaptation

Impulsiveness

MalignancyCompulsive

ness

Psychosocial Crisis

Autonomy Vs. Shame and

DoubtVirtueWill

Too Much Shame and Doubt

Too Much Autonomy


DOUBTTODDLER STAGE: 18 months to 3 years

GOAL: to achieve autonomy while minimizing shame and doubt.


DOUBTAUTONOMY – Independence

SHAME – A painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behavior.

DOUBT – Feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction


DOUBTShame develops with the child's self-consciousness.

Doubt has to do with having a front and back – a "behind" subject to its own rules. Left over doubt may become paranoia.


DOUBTMALADAPTATION:

IMPULSIVENESS – Sort of shameless willfulness that leads you in later childhood and even adulthood, to jump into things without proper consideration of your abilities.


DOUBTMALIGNANCY:

COMPULSIVENESS – A person feels as if their entire being rides on everything they do, and so everything, must be done perfectly


DOUBTVIRTUE:

WILL POWER – Controlling deliberately exerted to do something or to restrain one’s own impulses.

INITIATIVE VS GUILT

Stage 3Early

Childhood Stage

Maladaptation

Ruthlessness

Malignancy

Inhibition

Psychosocial Crisis

Initiative Vs. GuiltVirtue

Courage

Too Much GuiltToo Much Initiative

INITIATIVE VS GUILT

Early childhood stage: Ages 3 or 4 to 5 or 6

GOAL: to learn initiative without too much guilt.

INITIATIVE VS GUILT

INITIATIVE – a positive response to the world’s challenges, taking on responsibilities, learning new skills, feeling purposeful.

– the attempt to make that non-reality a reality.

INITIATIVE VS GUILT

This stage is a time for play, not for formal education.

OEDIPAL CRISIS – the reluctance a child feels in relinquishing his/her closeness to the opposite sex parents.

INITIATIVE VS GUILT

RUTHLESNESS – to be heartless or unfeeling or be “without mercy.”

INHIBITION – too much guilt.

COURAGE – the capacity for action despite a clear understanding of your limitations and past failings

INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY

Stage 4School Age

Stage

Maladaptation

Narrow Virtuosity

Malignancy

Inertia

Psychosocial Crisis

Industry Vs. Inferiority

VirtueCompetency

Too Much Inferiority

Too Much Industry


6 – 12 years old

They must learn the feeling of success, whether it is in school or on the playground, academic, or social.


INFERIORITY – Competence

Just a touch of inferiority keeps us sensible and humble.

IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION

Stage 5Adolescen

ce

Maladaptation

Fanaticism

Malignancy

Repudiation

Psychosocial Crisis

Identity Vs. Role Confusion

VirtueFidelity

Too Much Role Confusion

Too Much Identity


Puberty to ages 18 0r 20

GOAL: to achieve EGO IDENTITY and avoid ROLE CONFUSION


EGO IDENTITY – knowing who you are and how you fit in to the rest of the society.

PSYCHOSOCIAL MORATORIUM – taking a little “time out”


PSYCHOSOCIAL MORATORIUM – one of Erikson’s suggestions for adolescence in our society.

We need to dream a little.


A fanatic believes that his way is the only way.

REPUDIATION – state of rejection

INTIMACY VS ISOLATION

Stage 6Young

Adulthood

Maladaptation

Promiscuity

Malignancy

Exclusion

Psychosocial Crisis

Intimacy Vs. Isolation

VirtueLove

Too Much Isolation

Too Much Intimacy


Young Adulthood: 18 to 30 years old

GOAL: to achieve some degree of intimacy, as opposed remaining in isolation.


INTIMACY – ability to be close to others, as a lover, a friend, and as a particular participant in society.

“Fear of commitment” – an example of immaturity


MALADAPTATION:

PROMISCUITY – The tendency to become intimate too freely, too easy, and without any depth to your intimacy.


MALIGNANCY:

EXCLUSION – The tendency to isolate oneself from love, friendship and community, and to develop a certain hatefulness in compensation for one’s loneliness.


VIRTUE:

LOVE – Being able to put aside differences and antagonisms through “mutuality of devotion.”

GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION

Stage 7Middle

Adulthood

Maladaptation

Overextension

Malignancy

Rejectivity

Psychosocial Crisis

Generativity Vs. Stagnation

VirtueCaring

Too Much Stagnation

Too Much Generativity


Middle Adulthood – the time when we are actively involved in raising children.

GOAL: to cultivate the proper balance of generativity and stagnation.


GENERATIVITY – an extension of love into the future.

STAGNATION – self absorption, caring for no one.


The stagnant person STOPS to be a reproductive member of the society.


MALADAPTATION:

OVEREXTENSION – Some people try to be generative that they no longer allow time for themselves, for rest and relaxation.


MALIGNANCY:

REJECTIVITY – Too little generativity and too much stagnation and you are no longer participating in or contributing to society.

EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR

Stage 8Late

Adulthood

Maladaptation

Presumption

Malignancy

Disdain

Psychosocial Crisis

Ego Integrity Vs. Despair

VirtueWisdom

Too Much Despair

Too Much Ego Integrity


EGO INTEGRITY – Coming to terms with your life, and thereby coming to terms with the end of life.

DESPAIR – The complete loss or absence of hope.


Late adulthood/Maturity/Old age

Begins sometime around retirement, around 60

GOAL: to develop ego integrity with a minimal amount of despair.


Women go through sometimes dramatic menopause; Men often find they can no longer “rise to the occasion.”


Older people become depressed, spiteful, paranoid, hypochondriacal, or developing the patterns of senility with or without physical bases.


MALADAPTATION:

PRESUMPTION – Happens when a person “presumes” ego integrity without actually facing the difficulties of old age.


MALIGNANCY:

DISDAIN – A contempt of life, one’s own, or anyone.


VIRTUE:

WISDOM – Someone who approaches death without fear.

“It is human to have a long childhood; it is civilized to

have an even longer childhood. Long childhood

makes a technical and mental virtuoso out of man, but it

also leaves a life-long residue of emotional immaturity in him.”

— Erik Homburger Erikson (1902-1994)

Well-prepared by:

SAN JOSE, AARON FLORES BAUTISTA Y CERVANTES

PULIDO, CHARMAINE JOAN SEDANTO

CAPILI, COLEEN GOMEZ

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

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Transcript of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development