Ontwikkeling van slimme materialen voor de offshore industrie

S. Erik OffermanS. Erik Offerman

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19 September 2013

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Materials 2013

3 billion more middle-class consumers in next 20 years

Energy

Materials

Food

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Driving up demand for a range of different resources Source: McKinsey report – Resource revolution (November 2011)

Food

Water

Challenge: linkages

Solving one problem enhances the other problemDo it smart => Offshore?

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Source: Ester van der Voet et al. (2010), Leiden University

Do it smart => Offshore?

Offshore resources of interest

• Oil & gas

• Wind

• Minerals• Minerals(mining)

Bron: Shell

Trends offshore industry

• Further away

• Deeper

• Higher pressure• Higher pressure

• Hotter gasses/oil

• Harsher environments: Colder/Arctic environment

Trends offshore industry (cont.)

• Safer

Activities offshore industry

• Lifting

• Drilling

• Pipe laying• Pipe laying

• Construction

• Dredging

All Sea’s Pieter Schelte

Material requirements

• Strong

• Ductile

• Though

• Affordable

• Available

• Weldable/joinable

Material requirements continued

Resistance to:

• Corrosion

• Fatigue

• Wear• Wear

• Low temperature

• High Pressure

Material requirements continued

Design criterion

Steel strong enough

Steel too weak

Resistance to: High temperature

Steel too weak

Critical temperature

Microstructure <-> Mechanical Prop.

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M. Militzer, Science 298 (2002) 975.

50 µm

Microstructure

• Chemical elements

• Phases

• Precipitates

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• Grain size

• Solid solution

• Dislocation networksS.E. Offerman, 305 Science (2004) 190.

Microstructure Engineering

Design and production of microstuctures via

thermodynamic and kinetic simulations and

experimental validation

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experimental validation

Austenite/ferrite transformation steel

M. Militzer et al., Acta Materialia 54 3961 (2006)

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3D phase field simulation

M. Militzer et al., Acta Materialia 54 3961 (2006)

Ferrite growth

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Hendrik Strandlund, KTH, Sweden

Carbon concentration

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Hendrik Strandlund, KTH, Sweden

Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaImproving fire-resistance steel

Gözde Dere et al.Scripta materialia (2013) 651.

Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaMicrostructure 4 steel specimens

Without NbFast cooling

With NbSlow cooling

With NbIntermediateCooling rate

With NbFast cooling

Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaMany low-angle grain boundaries for Nb & fast cooling

Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaCompression test during heating

Strain

Strain

Temperature (°C)

Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaNb: +90°C & GB: +45°C

• Exact specimen temperature measurement

by welding a thermocouple to the specimen.

• Low interaction with X-rays.

In-situ characterization of microstructures in steel

Hemant Sharma et al.Acta Mater. (2012)

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3D X-Ray Diffraction Microscope

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Beam line ID11 @ European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Developed by DTU & ESRF

Intensity →Volume

3DXRD

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, ,spots grain grain grain

Position Orientation position strain→

Intensity

spots→Volume

grains

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φ

φ

Φ1

2

y

Non-destructive characterization of 2281 grains

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(a) (b)

x

y

Modes of grain growth during fire

Mode No. Volume Rotation Mosaicity

I + + +

II + = +

III - + -

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IV - = -

V = + +

VI = + =

VII = = =

• Offshore industry is breaking fresh ground

• Novel materials are needed to enable innovation in the offshore industry

• Fundamental materials research opens the path to

Conclusions

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• Fundamental materials research opens the path to material innovation

TUD:Gozde Dere, Hemant Sharma, Richard Huizenga, Roumen Petrov, Jilt Sietsma, Pina Mecozzi,

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility: Jon Wright, Alexei Bytchkov

Acknowledgement

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Funding: STW

Support: Tata Steel, Ovako Wire B.V., and SKF