Annicka Chretien and Katherine Dendtler

ERIC ERIKSON

Erik Erikson developed a theory of personal and social development based on the influence of the environment

He saw development of the emotional self and the consequent sense of identity as being inextricably linked to the environment of birth

He saw life as a series of 8 stages;

ERIK ERIKSON

Infant develops sense of trust depending on relationship with mother

STAGE 1: TRUST OR MISTRUSTAGE- 0-1

Childs level of confidence depends on level of freedom given, to much control will lead to self doubt

STAGE 2: SELF-CONFIDENCE OR SELF-DOUBT

AGE: 2-3

Child develops language and imagination, encouragement creates positive self image and being put down creates negative self image

STAGE 3: POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE SELF IMAGE

AGE: 4-5

Child begins to have close relationship with teachers

STAGE 4: INDUSTRY OR INFERIORITY

AGE: 6-11

Peers are influences, acceptance leads to security, while rejection leads to low self-esteem

STAGE 5: IDENTITY OR CONFUSIONAGE: 12-18

Development of need for strong relationship

STAGE 6: INTIMACY OR ISOLATIONAGE: YOUNG ADULT

Development of relationship with wider society

STAGE 7: OTHER CENTEREDNESS OR SELF-CENTEREDNESS

AGE: MIDDLE AGE

Feel sense of accomplishment or despair

STAGE 8: SUCCESS OR FAILURE AGE: ELDERLY YEARS

Erikson played great emphasis on children’s relationships with others such as teachers and peers

He showed that they need to have positive reinforcements to allow for a positive self image

VIEWS AND TEACHING ON CHILD’S DEVELOPMENT