Eric Murdoch Presentation_fatique
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Transcript of Eric Murdoch Presentation_fatique
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Fatigue two watch ships
Eric Murdoch
December 2008
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P&I Clubs clubs are expert in knowing what can go
wrong on ships because essentially wecover things that go wrong
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The Standard Club underwrites in every market and covers
a representative sample of the worldfleet
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Members by regionas at 20 February 2008
USA/Canada
24%
Asia
22%
Italy
9%
Greece
11%
Germany
10%
Rest of Europe
19%Rest of World
5%
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Ship types entered in Clubas at 20 February 2008
Bulk Carrier
19%
Container/Cargo
37%
Passenger/Ferry
3%Tanker
31%
Offshore/Specialist
10%
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Nautical issues
some of the largest and most expensiveclaims have been caused by failure on thebridge
these claims are not just collision and dockdamage but are pollution, explosion and
total loss
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All claims 2000-2008
by number and cost
Miscellaneous12%
Personal Injury
26%
Fines
3%Collision & FFO
8%
Cargo
49%
Pollution
2% Wreck
0% Cargo25%
Collision & FFO
30%Fines
3%
Miscellaneous
13%
Personal Injury
18%
Pollution
8%
Wreck
3%
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Claims exposure by risk type(> $500k) (2000-2008)(cost)
Cargo
18%
Collision & FFO40%
Fines
2%
Miscellaneous
16%
Personal Injury
9%
Pollution
11%
Wreck/Salvors
4%
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Claims exposure by risk exposureNo of claims (>$500k) (2000-2008)
Cargo
24%
Collision & FFO33%Fines4%
Miscellaneous
15%
Personal Injury
16%
Pollution
6%
Wreck/Salvors
2%
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Nautical issues - Costs
in 1997 annual claim cost was $3m in 2003 annual claim cost was $12m
from 2000 to 2008 there were 1850 claimscosting $176m of which 58 cost $142m
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it will come as no surprise that the majority
of incidents are caused by mistakes ratherthan equipment failure
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Human Error in accidents
Du Pont - people actions account for 96%of all injuries
Heinrich - 80-90% of accidents are downto human error
Kletz - 50-90% of accidents are due to
human failings
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mistakes are not made by machines theyare made by people like you and me
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Typical mistakes - collisions
driving too fast not keeping a proper lookout
making small alterations of course
agreeing a course change over the VHF
not giving way
failure to reduce speed
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Typical mistakes - berthing approach speed too high
wrong angle of approach
insufficient tugs used
anchors used too late or not at all flawed manoeuvre
no proper planning failure to control the bow
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Typical mistakes on the bridge
failure to communicate failure to establish formal watch
procedures
failure to passage plan
failure to ascertain a pilots intention
failure to monitor a passage
failure to work as an organised team
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Human element studies
The MCA concluded that the three mostcommon causal factors were
incorrect knowledge, skills & attitudes
failure to appreciate the situation failure to take corrective action
whytraining/fatigue/working stress
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At sea today
not for the love of the job as a means to an end
looking for rapid promotion sailing on their ticket
junior officers may lack practicalexperience
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Survey findings
rapid promotion has resulted in seniorofficers with little practical experience
sea staff show no leadership and wait to
be told on the bridge nobody checks the
compass or identifies navigation marks ortakes a bearing
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Supervision
collision avoidance is learnt in theclassroom but application is on-board inreal life situations
a master can only supervise a junior officerby observation
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Two mate ships - an experiencenever forgotten
sailing North Europe/Mediterranean inJanuary
at sea - 5 hours on 5 hours off
in port - the night shift
during pilotage - on stand-by
arrival/departure - at stations
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Two mate ships - an experiencenever forgotten
meal break if you were lucky never more than 3 hours sleep in a singlesession
no sleep in bad weather constantly tired ...more dead than
aliveand we had a Master, Mate andSecond Mate
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the majority of ships covered by theStandard Club trade deep-sea and aremanned with a Master and three deck
officers
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An industry in crisis
With the present crewing crisis themaritime industry has now passed the timewhere there is a need for additional
engineering safe guards, procedures orlegislation. The industry needs immediateaction to train, develop and improve thepeople.
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and this assumes the people are not deadon there feet as I was after only a shortperiod on a two watch ship
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The StandardSetting the standard for service and security
www.standard-club.com
Authorised and regulated by the
Financial Services Authority of the United Kingdom