Eric Murdoch Presentation_fatique

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    Fatigue two watch ships

    Eric Murdoch

    December 2008

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    P&I Clubs clubs are expert in knowing what can go

    wrong on ships because essentially wecover things that go wrong

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    The Standard Club underwrites in every market and covers

    a representative sample of the worldfleet

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    Members by regionas at 20 February 2008

    USA/Canada

    24%

    Asia

    22%

    Italy

    9%

    Greece

    11%

    Germany

    10%

    Rest of Europe

    19%Rest of World

    5%

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    Ship types entered in Clubas at 20 February 2008

    Bulk Carrier

    19%

    Container/Cargo

    37%

    Passenger/Ferry

    3%Tanker

    31%

    Offshore/Specialist

    10%

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    Nautical issues

    some of the largest and most expensiveclaims have been caused by failure on thebridge

    these claims are not just collision and dockdamage but are pollution, explosion and

    total loss

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    All claims 2000-2008

    by number and cost

    Miscellaneous12%

    Personal Injury

    26%

    Fines

    3%Collision & FFO

    8%

    Cargo

    49%

    Pollution

    2% Wreck

    0% Cargo25%

    Collision & FFO

    30%Fines

    3%

    Miscellaneous

    13%

    Personal Injury

    18%

    Pollution

    8%

    Wreck

    3%

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    Claims exposure by risk type(> $500k) (2000-2008)(cost)

    Cargo

    18%

    Collision & FFO40%

    Fines

    2%

    Miscellaneous

    16%

    Personal Injury

    9%

    Pollution

    11%

    Wreck/Salvors

    4%

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    Claims exposure by risk exposureNo of claims (>$500k) (2000-2008)

    Cargo

    24%

    Collision & FFO33%Fines4%

    Miscellaneous

    15%

    Personal Injury

    16%

    Pollution

    6%

    Wreck/Salvors

    2%

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    Nautical issues - Costs

    in 1997 annual claim cost was $3m in 2003 annual claim cost was $12m

    from 2000 to 2008 there were 1850 claimscosting $176m of which 58 cost $142m

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    it will come as no surprise that the majority

    of incidents are caused by mistakes ratherthan equipment failure

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    Human Error in accidents

    Du Pont - people actions account for 96%of all injuries

    Heinrich - 80-90% of accidents are downto human error

    Kletz - 50-90% of accidents are due to

    human failings

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    mistakes are not made by machines theyare made by people like you and me

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    Typical mistakes - collisions

    driving too fast not keeping a proper lookout

    making small alterations of course

    agreeing a course change over the VHF

    not giving way

    failure to reduce speed

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    Typical mistakes - berthing approach speed too high

    wrong angle of approach

    insufficient tugs used

    anchors used too late or not at all flawed manoeuvre

    no proper planning failure to control the bow

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    Typical mistakes on the bridge

    failure to communicate failure to establish formal watch

    procedures

    failure to passage plan

    failure to ascertain a pilots intention

    failure to monitor a passage

    failure to work as an organised team

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    Human element studies

    The MCA concluded that the three mostcommon causal factors were

    incorrect knowledge, skills & attitudes

    failure to appreciate the situation failure to take corrective action

    whytraining/fatigue/working stress

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    At sea today

    not for the love of the job as a means to an end

    looking for rapid promotion sailing on their ticket

    junior officers may lack practicalexperience

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    Survey findings

    rapid promotion has resulted in seniorofficers with little practical experience

    sea staff show no leadership and wait to

    be told on the bridge nobody checks the

    compass or identifies navigation marks ortakes a bearing

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    Supervision

    collision avoidance is learnt in theclassroom but application is on-board inreal life situations

    a master can only supervise a junior officerby observation

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    Two mate ships - an experiencenever forgotten

    sailing North Europe/Mediterranean inJanuary

    at sea - 5 hours on 5 hours off

    in port - the night shift

    during pilotage - on stand-by

    arrival/departure - at stations

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    Two mate ships - an experiencenever forgotten

    meal break if you were lucky never more than 3 hours sleep in a singlesession

    no sleep in bad weather constantly tired ...more dead than

    aliveand we had a Master, Mate andSecond Mate

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    the majority of ships covered by theStandard Club trade deep-sea and aremanned with a Master and three deck

    officers

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    An industry in crisis

    With the present crewing crisis themaritime industry has now passed the timewhere there is a need for additional

    engineering safe guards, procedures orlegislation. The industry needs immediateaction to train, develop and improve thepeople.

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    and this assumes the people are not deadon there feet as I was after only a shortperiod on a two watch ship

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    The StandardSetting the standard for service and security

    www.standard-club.com

    Authorised and regulated by the

    Financial Services Authority of the United Kingdom