Erection of Structural & Miscellaneous Steel Specification

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TECHNICAL CORRECTION February 2002

Process Industry Practices

Structural

PIP STS05130Erection of Structural and

Miscellaneous Steel Specification



PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES

In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has

been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major

industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical

requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering

costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice

is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual

applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence

over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters

or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not

be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names

from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather

recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specificationsare equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines

are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA

requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or

other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed.

Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material

contained in or suggested by the Practice.

This Practice is subject to revision at any time by the responsible Function Team

and will be reviewed every 5 years. This Practice will be revised, reaffirmed, or

withdrawn. Information on whether this Practice has been revised may be found atwww.pip.org.

© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The

University of Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin,

Texas 78759. PIP member companies and subscribers may copy this Practice

for their internal use. Changes, overlays, addenda, or modifications of any

kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express written

authorization of PIP.

PIP will not consider requests for interpretations (inquiries) for this Practice.

Printing History

November 1994 Issued February 2002 Technical Correction

December 1998 Revision

Not printed with State funds



TECHNICAL CORRECTIONFebruary 2002

Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 9

Process Industry Practices

Structural

PIP STS05130Erection of Structural and

Miscellaneous Steel Specification

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ..................................2 1.1 Purpose .............................................2 1.2 Scope................................................. 2

2. References....................................2

2.1 Process Industry Practices................2 2.2 Industry Codes and Standards.......... 2 2.3 Government Regulations...................3

3. Definitions ....................................3

4. General .........................................3 4.1 Quality Control...................................3 4.2 Submittals..........................................4 4.3 Performance Requirements ..............4

5. Products and Materials ...............5

6. Execution ..................................... 6 6.1 Receiving, Inspection, and

Storage..............................................6 6.2 Erection ............................................. 6 6.3 Structural Stability.............................. 7

6.4 Setting Base Plates ...........................7 6.5 Bolted Connections ...........................7 6.6 Welded Connections ......................... 8 6.7 Correction of Errors ...........................8 6.8 Steel Joists ........................................ 9 6.9 Floor Plate and Grating ..................... 9 6.10 Metal Decking for Floors and

Roofs ................................................. 9 6.11 Shear Connectors.............................. 9 6.12 Coating Repairs................................. 9



TECHNICAL CORRECTION PIP STS05130February 2002 Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Specification


• Steel Joist Institute (SJI)

– SJI Standard Specifications and Load Tables

2.3 Government Regulations

• U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA)

– OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910

– OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926

3. Definitions

buyer: The party that awards the contract to the erector. The buyer may be the owner or the

owner’s authorized agent.

buyer’s inspector: The authorized representative of the buyer with authority to act in the

interest of, and on behalf of, the buyer in all quality assurance matters

contract documents: Any and all documents that the buyer has transmitted or otherwise

communicated, either by incorporation or reference, and made part of the legal contract

agreement or purchase order between the buyer and the erector

engineer of record: The buyer’s authorized representative with overall authority and

responsibility for the structural design

erector: The party that is responsible for the erection of the structural and miscellaneous

steel. Unless otherwise noted, the term erector shall apply also to the erector’s

subcontractor(s) and/or vendor(s).

erector’s inspector: The authorized representative of the erector with responsibility for thequality control of all materials, installations, and workmanship furnished by the erector and

any of the erector’s subcontractors or vendors

owner: The owner of the proposed structure

4. General

4.1 Quality Control

4.1.1 The erector shall be solely responsible for the quality control of all the

erector-supplied materials, installations, and workmanship.

4.1.2 The erector shall have a written Quality Control Program and Inspection

Procedures document that shall provide details of how compliance with the

requirements of this Practice and the shop and erection drawings shall be

achieved. The erector shall maintain a complete up-to-date set of erection

drawings at the jobsite.

4.1.3 All welding procedures and individual welders shall be qualified in

accordance with the requirements of AWS D1.1.



PIP STS05130 TECHNICAL CORRECTION Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Specification February 2002

Page 4 of 9 Process Industry Practices

4.1.4 All welding inspectors shall be qualified and certified as AWS Certified

Welding Inspectors in accordance with the requirements of AWS D1.1.

4.1.5 The erector’s inspector shall inspect all materials, installations, and

workmanship of the erector to ensure conformance with all requirements of

this Practice and the contract documents.

4.1.6 The buyer’s inspector shall have the right to inspect all materials,

installations, and workmanship supplied by the erector and shall have an

unrestricted right of access to the erector’s work areas.

4.1.7 The buyer’s inspector may reject any improper, inferior, defective, or

unsuitable materials, installations, and workmanship of the erector. Any

rejected materials, installations, and workmanship shall be repaired or

replaced by the erector in accordance with the buyer’s instructions at no cost

to the buyer.

4.1.8 The erector shall provide all inspection tools and shall provide inspection

access facilities such as platforms, ladders, and scaffolds as requested by the

buyer’s inspector.

4.1.9 Inspection tools and tool calibration records for tools used by the erector

shall be maintained and available for examination by the buyer’s inspector.

4.2 Submittals

4.2.1 The erector shall submit the following documents to the buyer for review

before the start of erection:

a. Safety program

b. Quality control program and inspection procedures

c. Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)

d. Procedure Qualification Records (PQR)

e. Welder(s) qualification records

f. Assembly lift plan(s) as required by OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart R.

4.2.2 If requested by the buyer, the erector shall submit the following documents to

the buyer for recording purposes:

a. Quality control inspections and test results

b. Calibration or recalibration performed on the tools or equipment used

by the erector during the work

4.3 Performance Requirements

4.3.1 Safety

4.3.1.1 The safety program shall address the safety measures that the erector

shall use during steel erection work. The safety program shall

comply with the requirements of the contract documents; AISC

Manual of Steel Construction (ASD); AISC Code of Standard

Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges; AISC Manual of Steel





Construction (LFRD); applicable portions of OSHA 29 CFR Part

1910 and Part 1926; and any other applicable federal, state, or local

requirements.

4.3.1.2 The erector’s safety program shall provide a detailed description of

how the erector will prevent injury to all personnel affected by theerector’s operations. The safety program shall include an effective

system for initial orientation and education in safety and accident

prevention, as well as appropriate records to document compliance.

At a minimum, the safety program shall place particular emphasis on

the following aspects:

a. Fall prevention

b. Ground-level preassembly to minimize elevated erection

c. Hole covers and opening barriers

d. Access control to incomplete areas of erection

e. Lifting plans and hoisting procedures

4.3.2 Assembly Lift Plan

The erector is responsible for assuring that all preassemblies that are not

specifically shown or noted on the design drawings to be preassembled

before lifting will maintain structural integrity during lifting.

4.3.2.1 A written assembly lift plan shall be prepared for assemblies larger

than 50 feet (15 meters) in one direction, larger than 2,000 square

feet (186 square meters) in the plan area, greater than 50 tons, or

when required by the contract documents. The assembly lift plan

shall demonstrate that the proposed lift shall be performed safely and

that the assemblies being lifted will remain free from distortion orundue bending, and will maintain structural integrity during the lift.

4.3.2.2 The assembly lift plan shall contain detailed data on the extent of the

lifted assembly, its weights, the structural calculations that prove

structural stability of the assembled components during lifting

operations, verification of the capacity capabilities for any cranes

utilized in the lift, location and positioning of the cranes, and a

description of the rigging to be utilized.

4.3.2.3 Review of the assembly lift plan by the buyer does not relieve the

erector of responsibility required for the safe erection and/or lifting

of any component, structural assembly, or any other item under the

control of the erector.

5. Products and Materials

All materials supplied by the erector shall conform to PIP STS05120, unless otherwise

specified by the contract documents.





6. Execution

6.1 Receiving, Inspection, and Storage

6.1.1 All materials designated for the care, custody, and control of the erector shall

be received, unloaded, stored, and otherwise handled in a manner that prevents distortion, deterioration, damage, or staining. Materials shall be kept

free of dirt, grease, and other foreign matter.

6.1.2 Unless otherwise required by the buyer, all materials shall be inspected by

the erector immediately after receipt to ensure that the materials are not

damaged, that all items on the packing list have been supplied, and that all

documentation has been received.

6.1.3 If any damage is discovered, or any parts, components, or documentation are

missing or otherwise defective, the occurrence shall be immediately reported

to the buyer in writing.

6.2 Erection

6.2.1 Erection shall be in accordance with the drawings and other contract

documents; AISC Manual of Steel Construction (ASD); AISC Manual of

Steel Construction (LRFD); the AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel

Buildings and Bridges; OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910 and Part 1926;* and any

applicable state, municipal, or local regulations or codes.

*Note: OSHA has made a major revision of OSHA 1926 Subpart R, the

construction industry safety standards that regulate steel erection.

This revision enhances protection provided to workers engaged in

steel erection and updates the general provisions that address steel

erection.

6.2.2 Any circumstances discovered by the erector that affect progression,

performance, or completion of the erector’s work activities such as

discrepancies between the erection/shop drawings and the delivered steel

members, incorrectly fabricated steel members, or incomplete or

unacceptable work of other contractors affecting the erector’s work shall be

immediately reported to the buyer in writing.

6.2.3 Any damage caused during erection shall be reported to the buyer. Corrective

measures shall be completed as directed by the buyer at no cost to the buyer.

6.2.4 Erection of steel joists shall conform to the requirements of the Steel Joist

Institute (SJI), the joist manufacturer, and OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart R.

6.2.5 Temporary erection loads or permanent loads shall not be placed on anyincomplete portions of the structure being erected unless the erector can

demonstrate by analysis that the contemplated action is safe.

6.2.6 Loose timbers, metal sheeting, bolt buckles, tools, debris, and temporary

scaffolding shall be kept restrained or removed from work areas. The erector

shall be responsible for securing all equipment and materials within the

erector’s care, custody, and control during the erection operation.





6.2.7 The erector shall maintain the job site in a clean and safe condition at all

times and shall properly dispose of, off the premises, all crating, waste

materials, and other refuse that has accumulated as a result of the erector’s

activities under this Practice.

6.2.8 Lifting of painted structural members shall be done with a nonabrasivechoker.

6.2.9 The erector shall keep a daily record, by piece number, of all material

erected.

6.2.10 Before commencing work, the erector shall check foundations and other

connection points to confirm their location, orientation, elevation, and

condition.

6.2.11 Erection of steel deck shall conform to the requirements of the Steel Deck

Institute (SDI), the deck manufacturer, and OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart R.

6.3 Structural Stability

6.3.1 The erector shall, at all times, be responsible for the adequacy and

installation of any temporary bracing or guy cables required to counteract

loadings imposed during erection. This responsibility shall also extend to

temporary bracing required to ensure safe and stable conditions of partially

completed structural assemblies.

6.3.2 The structure shall be plumbed, leveled, and braced before any final bolted or

welded connections are made.

6.4 Setting Base Plates

6.4.1 The erector shall clean the top of bearing surfaces and the bottom of base

plates. The erector shall set and shim column base plates to correct positions,

elevations, and locations as shown on the erection drawings. Shims or

wedges may be used and shall be provided by the erector. If setting nuts are

used, they shall be loosened before grouting.

6.4.2 Grouting of base plates shall be in accordance with PIP STS03600 or

PIP STS03601 and other contract documents if this work is included in the

erector’s contract.

6.4.3 When required on the drawings, anchor bolts shall be tightened to the

specified tension. Anchor bolts shall be fully tightened to the specified

tension only after the base plates have been grouted.

6.5 Bolted Connections

6.5.1 Where structural joints are made using high-strength bolt assemblies, the

materials, methods of installation, tension control, types of wrenches to be

used, and inspection methods shall conform to the AISC Specification for

Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts and the contract

documents.

6.5.2 When used, direct tension indicator washers shall be installed according to

the manufacturer’s published specifications.





6.5.3 All bolts shall be as noted on the shop drawings, erection drawings, or other

contract documents.

6.5.4 Mechanically galvanized bolts and nuts shall not be intermixed with hot-dip

galvanized nuts and bolts.

6.5.5 Where ASTM A307 bolt assemblies are used for connecting appurtenances

(i.e., handrail assemblies, pipe supports, gates, etc.) to structural steel

members, the bolts shall be tightened to a snug-tight condition.

6.5.6 ASTM A490/A490M bolts and galvanized ASTM A325/A325M bolts shall not

be reused.

6.5.7 The erector shall color code, die punch, or otherwise mark the ends of

torqued bolts indicating that the bolts have been properly tensioned and are

ready for inspection.

6.6 Welded Connections

6.6.1 Welding shall conform to AWS D1.1. 6.6.2 All welds shall be continuous unless the buyer approves alternate procedures.

6.6.3 Field welding shall not be used except as shown on the shop drawings or

erection drawings.

6.6.4 Minimum fillet weld size shall be 3/16 inch (5 mm) for structural welds. Seal

welds may be 1/8-inch (3-mm) minimum fillet weld.

6.6.5 Welds to connection plates embedded in concrete shall be deposited in a

sequence that minimizes distortion of the embedment to +1/8 inch (3 mm) of

flat or true.

6.6.6 When the contract documents require welding to existing facilities that were

constructed before 1963 and/or using steel other than ASTM A36, theengineer of record shall provide a welding procedure.

6.7 Correction of Errors

6.7.1 Fit-up bolts and drift pins shall not be used to bring improperly fabricated

members and parts into place (springing). Drift pins shall not be driven with

such a force as to injure adjacent metal areas.

6.7.2 When approved by the engineer of record, the erector may enlarge standard

holes by 1/16 inch (1 mm) when necessary to make connections resulting

from minor misfit. Holes in connections that misfit by more than 1/16 inch

(1 mm) shall be corrected as directed by the engineer of record.

6.7.3 Enlargement of holes shall be made by reaming or drilling only. Flamecutting, burning, gouging, chipping, or drift punching shall not be permitted.

6.7.4 No packing, shimming, filling, or wedging shall be permitted to correct

faulty work unless approved by the engineer of record.

6.7.5 One filler plate up to 1/8-inch (3-mm) thickness may be used as required in

spaces between members to be bolted. The engineer of record’s approval

shall be required for filler plate requirements greater than 1/8 inch (3 mm).





6.8 Steel Joists

6.8.1 Field welding of bolting joists to supporting steel framework shall be in

accordance with the SJI specifications for the type of joist used, the

erection/shop drawings, and other contract documents.

6.8.2 The erector shall make no modifications or repairs to steel joists without

prior written approval of the engineer of record.

6.8.3 Use of power-driven or powder-actuated fasteners in the diagonal and bottom

chord members of the joists is not permitted.

6.9 Floor Plate and Grating

6.9.1 All field-cut floor plate or grating openings requiring toe plate protection or

banding shall be installed as required on the design drawings or other

contract documents.

6.9.2 The erector shall fasten the grating and floor plate as specified on the design

drawings. A minimum of four fasteners per panel shall be used.

6.10 Metal Decking for Floors and Roofs

6.10.1 Floor and roof deck sheets shall be installed in accordance with the

manufacturer’s installation instructions and the contract documents.

6.10.2 The erector shall repair all sags, deformations, holes, and other irregularities.

6.10.3 Where damage has occurred to shop-applied coatings on metal decking, field

touch-up shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

6.11 Shear Connectors

6.11.1 All shear stud attachments shall be welded in strict accordance with the

manufacturer’s recommendations for welding procedure and weldingequipment.

6.11.2 When two or more stud welding guns are operated from the same power

source, the erector shall interlock the guns so that only one gun can be

operated at a time to ensure that the power source has fully recovered from

making one weld before another weld is started.

6.11.3 All ceramic insulators shall be removed from the base of the studs after

welding.

6.12 Coating Repairs

6.12.1 The erector, in accordance with PIP STS05120, shall repair all erectiondamage to hot-dip galvanized coatings.

6.12.2 All erection damage to shop-applied paint coatings shall be repaired in

accordance with the buyer’s coating specification. All galvanized bolt

assemblies tightened against shop-applied paint shall be painted.

Erection of Structural & Miscellaneous Steel Specification

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