Eras of World History

Eras of World HistoryEras of World History

Using the GeoHistoGramUsing the GeoHistoGram

Goals:

Connect the Era titles to significant events

Introduce Students to the GeoHistoGram

Eras of World HistoryEras of World History

Using the GeoHistoGramUsing the GeoHistoGram

The history of the world has been divided into eras to help organize the information.

Each of the eras has been named to help define the events during that time.

We will use the GeoHistoGram to look at both the dates and the areas to get a basic understanding of the history of our world.

The GeoHistoGramThe GeoHistoGram

The GeoHistoGram shows both time (chronology)

and place (region)

This is the basic form of the GeoHistoGram –

seven vertical bars.

Space goes across the diagram,

from west on the left to east on the right.

Space goes across the diagram,

from west on the left to east on the right.


.Time goes up the side,from the distant past on

the bottom to the present at the top.

.Each curve in each barrepresents 1000 years

of history in that region.


The bars representmajor world regions,

from the Americas in the westto Polynesia in the east.

The bars representmajor world regions,

from the Americas in the westto Polynesia in the east.

Here is a simple useof the GeoHistoGram:

to show ancient empiresin Mesopotamia.

(before the Common Era, and roughly in the middle

of the world’s land).


By varying the widthof the empire “blob”,you can show howits power expandedat different times.

Adding a shapein northeast Africa

can show how Egyptlasted a long time but varied in importance.


The GeoHistoGramThe GeoHistoGramSome words you need to know:

Era: a period of time

Agriculture: farming; cultivating the land, producing crops, and raising livestock

Civilization: a highly developed society: with a high level of culture and social organization

Empire: lands, a group of nations, territories, or people ruled by a single authority.

Migration: the act or process of moving from one region or country to another

Colonization: to establish a colony in another country or place

Pastoral: herding or keeping animals for food, transportation, etc.

Revolution: a dramatic change in ideas or practice Imperialism: the policy of extending the rule or

influence of a country over other countries or colonies

Nationalism: excessive devotion to a nation and its interests, often associated with a belief that one country is superior to all others

GeoHistoGram ActivitiesGeoHistoGram ActivitiesMark the Eras on the Geohistogram

The first era is “Beginnings of Human Society” (Beginning to 4,000 BCE)

The “Beginning” was about 200,000 years ago!

Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society

The first humans migrated out of Africa and had populated most areas of the world by 10,000 BCE

Why do you think humans migrated out of Africa?

By the end of this era, humans had learned to herd animals and plant crops. This was a major lifestyle change and led to permanent settlements.

How did people survive?

Pre-history - Homo sapiens spread across the world

GeoHistogram ActivitiesGeoHistogram ActivitiesMark the Eras on the Geohistogram

The second era is “Early civilizations and Cultures and the Emergence of Pastoral People” (4000 – 1000 BCE)

What is a “civilization”?What are “pastoral people”?

What does Pastoral mean?

The first settlements occurred in areas where agriculture was possible, namely river valleys. What rivers were located in these areas?

The Fertile Crescent

China

Egypt

India

Tigris and Euphrates

Nile

Indus

Huang He


Era 2: Early Civilizations and

Emergence of Pastoral Peoples

Having a stable food supply allowed some people in the settlements to have other jobs. This division of labor led to the development of civilizations.

Some elements of civilization include the development of

art

religion

communication

cities

laws

specialized jobs






These are the names of the civilizations that began during this era in these regions:

Which one did not continue to grow into the next era?

The size of the colored shapes show the growth and extent of each one.


Africa

Middle East

Central Asia

East Asia

GeoHistogram ActivitiesGeoHistogram ActivitiesMark the Eras on the Geohistogram

The third era is “Classical Traditions, World Religions, and Major Empires” (1000 BCE to 300 CE)

What are the major “classical” civilizations?What “world religions” were predominant?What “major empires” developed?

Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires

With the rise of civilizations and development of new technology, trade helped spread ideas.

These are the two large (classical) European empires that characterize this era.

Growing civilizations, needing more land and resources, used force to expand, and became empires.

In East Asia, the Qin Dynasty united a territory which is now ___??____, the most populous country in the world.


Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples What famous Greek leader

conquered Egypt and advanced into Central Asia?

China

Other large empires ruled during this era. Where are each of them located?

Persia?

Han

What was the first civilization in the Western Hemisphere?

Mauryan?


Middle East

India

Asia

Empires grew by conquering people of many cultures. World Religions, like Buddhism and Hinduism, also spread.


Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples


The fourth era is “Expanding and Intensified Hemispheric Interactions” (300-1500 CE)

What do “expanding” and “intensifying” mean?What “hemispheric interactions” took place?

Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions

Empires expanded during this era:

The eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire, but had many enemies. What does its shape tell you?

By about 700 CE, what dynasty in Asia had expanded westward?

Islam spread by both trade routes and conquering armies into north Africa and central Asia.

Mongols conquered both Chinese and Muslim empires and spread into Europe.




What was the major trade route connecting China to Europe?


Empires expanded during this era:

Marco Polo sparked a new interest in trade with China.

In West Africa, what two empires became wealthy through trade?

The Plague spread across Europe killing a quarter of the population.

What effect did the demand for products from Asia have on Europeans?

See Era 5!Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society



How is this shown on the GeoHistoGram?


The fifth era is “Emergence of the First Global Age” (15th to 18th Centuries)

What is a “global age”?

Era 5: Emergence of 1st Global Age

The ability to navigate the ocean caused many changes in trade and power.

What important event marks the beginning of this era?

Columbia Exchange was an important trading system between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

What was exchanged?

What 3 regions were involved?

European Colonialism starts in this era.

What color shows its spread?

Which direction did it spread?





What other Empire expanded its power during this era?


The sixth era is “Global Revolutions” (Late 1700’s through 1914)

What is a “global revolution”?

Era 6: Age of Global Revolutions






Explain the saying “The Sun never sets on the British Empire”

During this era, revolutions freed many colonies from their European conquerors or feudal leaders.

Russian

American

ChineseFrench

Latin American

As the Ottoman Empire declined, Europe’s power increased.

Many changes occurred including an increase in world migration and industrialization. Nationalism and imperialism grew in Europe, Asia, and America.


The seventh era is “Global Crisis and Achievement” (1900-1945)

What is a “global age”?

Era 7: Global Crisis and Achievement







Two World Wars occurred as well as mass genocide in several regions.

Increasing government, economic and political power changed the global balance of power.

Important advances were made in technology, medicine and communications during this era.

What countries emerged as super-powers?

What major event ended WW II?


The eighth era is “The Cold War and Its Aftermath: The 20th Century since 1945”

What was the “Cold War”?


Era 8: Cold War and Aftermath







The Cold War was a conflict between democracy and communism.

What two countries were the leaders in this “war”?

Some “hot spots” caused mounting tension, and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam became major clashes.

One of the fears that surfaced was the threat of nuclear war.

What event signified the end of the “Cold War”?

GeoHistoGram ActivitiesGeoHistoGram Activities

What might the next era be called? How long will it last?

Era 1: The Beginnings of Human Society: (10,000BCE to 4,000 BCE)

Era 2: Early Civilizations and Cultures: (4,000 BCE to 1,000 BCE)

Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires: (1,000 BCE to 300 CE)

Era 4: Expanding and Intensified Hemispheric Interactions: (300 CE to

1500 AD)

Era 5: The Emergence of the First Global Age: (15th through 18th

Centuries)

Era 6: An Age of Global Revolutions: (18th century through 1917)


Era 8: The Cold War and its Aftermath: (20th Century)

Era 9: The Future: (21st Century)

ERAS OF WORLD HISTORY

Eras of World History

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