Grammar three Lecture four By: Eman Alkatheery Eman Alkatheery.
Equipment Design Designed by Eman A. Khajah. Outline Design of Heater. Design of Stripper.
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Transcript of Equipment Design Designed by Eman A. Khajah. Outline Design of Heater. Design of Stripper.
![Page 1: Equipment Design Designed by Eman A. Khajah. Outline Design of Heater. Design of Stripper.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bf851a28abf838c876a8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Equipment DesignDesigned by Eman A. Khajah
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Outline• Design of Heater.• Design of Stripper.
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Heater Design• Construction of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.
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Objective• To heat up the streams before entering the
reactors.• To heat up the propane stream before
recycle it back to the feed.
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Assumptions
• Counter current flow heat exchanger to provide more effective heat transfer.
• Assume the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient.
• Assume the outer, the inner diameter and the length of the tube on both the Shell and tube sides.
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Design Procedure
• Calculate the duty or heat load.
Where,
m: mass flow rate, kg/hr
Cp: specific heat, kJ/kg°C
∆T: temperature difference, °C• Collect physical properties.
coldphotp TmCTmCQ
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• Assume U : overall heat transfer coefficient, W/m2oC.• Calculate heat transfer area required.
Where,
Tm = Ft Tlm.
∆Tlm : log mean temperature difference.
T1 : inlet shell side fluid temperature.
T2 : outlet shell side temperature fluid temperature.
t1 : inlet tube side fluid temperature .
t2 : outlet tube side fluid temperature.
mo TU
QA
12
21
1221
lntT
tTtTtT
Tlm
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• Choose tube size and material, then calculate number of tubes required.
• Calculate Ds : shell diameter.
• Estimate tube side heat transfer coefficient hi, W/m2°C.
• Choose Lb : baffle spacing.
• Calculate area of cross flow.
• Estimate shell side heat transfer coefficient ho, W/m2°C.
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• Calculate U overall heat transfer coefficient using:
Where,Uo: overall coefficient based on outside area of the tube (W/m2oC).ho: outside fluid film coefficient (W/m2oC).hi : inside fluid film coefficient (W/m2oC ).hod : outside dirt coefficient (fouling factor) (W/m2oC).hid : inside dirt coefficient (fouling factor) (W/m2oC).kw : thermal conductivity of the wall material (W/m2oC ).di : tube inside diameter.do: tube outside diameter.
SdSw
i
oo
i
o
idio hhk
d
dd
d
d
hhU
11
2
ln111
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• Estimate tube and shell side pressure drop.• Calculate shell thickness.
Where,P: design pressure, psia R: inside radius of shell, inchS: maximum allowable stress value, psiaE: the joint efficiency C: corrosion allowance• Select a material of construction and insulation.• Calculate cost.
CPSE
PRt
6.0
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Results Equipment Heater E-102
Type Shell and tube heat exchanger
Material of construction Carbon Steel
Qtotal (kW) 11943.699
U(W/m² °C) 30
Inlet temperture, Shell side °C 327
Oultlet, Shell side °C 550
Inlet temperature, Tube side °C 600
Outlet temperature, Tube side °C 100
Number of tubes 5593
Shell diameter, m 1.56
LMTD, °C 155.6
Heat exchanger area, m² 2558.21
Insulation Glass wool
Cost, $ 77,300 $
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Stripper Design
• Construction of stripper.
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Objective• To separate CO2 from water and get a
stream of pure CO2.
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Assumptions• Tray spacing= 0.75.• Efficiency= 75%.• Percent of flooding at maximum flow rate=85%.• Percent of downcomer area of total area=12%.• Percent of hole area of active area=10%.• Weir height=50 mm.• Hole diameter=5 mm.• Plate thickness=5 mm.
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Design Procedure• Collect, or estimate, the system physical properties.• Calculate liquid vapor flow rate.
Where:
FLV= liquid vapor flow rate.
L= liquid flow rate.
V= vapor flow rate.
5.0
L
vLV V
LF
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• Calculate the flooding velocity
Where:Uf= flooding velocity.K1= constant.
• Calculate the actual velocity.
Where:Uv= actual velocity.
5.0
1
)(
V
VLf KU
fV UxFloodingPercentageU
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• Calculate the maximum volumetric flow rate.
Where:
Vmax= maximum volumetric flow rate.
MwtV= vapor molecular weight.• Calculate the net area required.
• Calculate the diameter.
V
VMwtV
max
Vnet U
VA max
5.04
netAD
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• Calculate the maximum volumetric flow rate.
• Calculate the column area.
• Calculate the net area.
• Calculate the active area.
• Calculate weir length.
L
LxMwtrateliquidvolumetric
max
2
4DAC
dCn AAA
dca AAA 2
Dlengthweir 75.0
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• Calculate the actual minimum vapor velocity.
• Calculate the thickness.
Where:t= thickness.P= pressure.r= radius.S= working stress.Ej= efficiency of joints.CC= allowance for corrosion.
• Calculate the cost.
hA
ratevaporvelocityvaporactual
.min.min
Ci CxPSxEj
Pxrt
6.0
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ResultsEquipment Stripper T-102
Type Continuous distillation column
Material of construction Carbon steel
Insulation Mineral wool
Operating temperature, °C 110
Operating pressure, atm 3
Height of beds 0.75
Diameter, m 3.17
Thickness, m 0.0127
Number of beds 10
Height, m 13.2
Cost, $ 353,933