EQ – Why did the Chinese call themselves the “Middle Kingdom?” Preview – In a brief...
Transcript of EQ – Why did the Chinese call themselves the “Middle Kingdom?” Preview – In a brief...
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ZhongZhong Guo Guo
EQ –
Why did the Chinese call themselves the “Middle Kingdom?”
Preview –
In a brief paragraph, examine the “Dynastic Cycle” and the “Mandate of Heaven” as they relate to the Chinese Dynasties.
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CHINA IS GEOGRAPHICALLY
ISOLATED
desertGobi
Desert
Pacific Ocean
Thick Jungles
Himalayan Mountains
Zhong Guo = Middle Kingdom
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Huang He = Yellow River
River of Sorrows
Deposits yellow silt called loess
Location of China’s earliest civilization
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New Dynasty
Period of peace & prosperity
Period of decline & struggles
Rebellion is justified
Old Dynasty loses Mandate of Heaven
New Dynasty gains Mandate
of Heaven
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Shang Dynasty(1600-1027 BC)
First recorded dynasty in ChinaPeriod of constant warfareExpert bronze casters (ceremonial vases)Wove silk into fabricDeveloped a system of writing where
symbols = ideas(no direct connection w/ spoken language)
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Oracle Bones
The Shang consulted the gods by writing questions on bones or shells and then interpreted the fragments after they were cracked.
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Shang Bronze
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Zhou Dynasty(1027-c.256 BC)
Developed “Mandate of Heaven” theoryEstablished feudalism
(ruler exchanged land for loyalty)Produced cast iron, built roads/canals,
developed a uniform currencyApp. 500 years of disunity and struggles
Spring & Autumn Period (770 - 476 BC) Warring States Period (476 – 221 BC)
Legalism, Confucianism, Daoism emerge
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Sun Tzu’s Art of War
The best victory is when the opponent surrenders of its own accord before there are any actual hostilities...It is best to win without fighting.
- “Planning a Siege”
Victorious warriors win first and then go to war, while defeated warriors go to war first and then seek to win.
- “Strategic Assessments”
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Qin Dynasty(221-207 BC)
Est. by Shi Huangdi – “First Emperor”Forced the nobility to move into the
capital.Autocratic (absolute) govt. based on LegalismDivided empire into 36 military districtsUnified existing walls creating 1st “Great Wall”Promoted unity by…
standard weights/measurements; uniform written language; good transportation; very harsh rule
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Shi Huangdi’s Tomb
Scale model of his kingdom
Flowing river of liquid mercury
Accurate star map made of diamonds
Life size army of terra cotta warriors
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Terra Cotta Army
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Han Dynasty(206 BC – AD 220)
Pinnacle of Chinese power & prosperityEst. by a peasant named Liu Bang Wudi – “martial emperor” – expanded
the empire through warfareStrong central govt. where people got
jobs based on their educationEncouraged assimilation (conquered
peoples become a part of Chinese culture)
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Han Achievements
App. eastern equivalent to Roman Empire
Invented paper, collar harness, wheelbarrow, water-mills
Traded with the west over the Silk Road Govt. ran businesses- salt, iron, coinage, silkConfucian civil service exams
Anyone could take them – but very difficultUsed for govt. appointments until AD 1912
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China VocabularyOracle Bones – earliest examples of
Chinese writing – how Shang contacted their gods
Mandate of Heaven – divine authority to rule China
Dynastic Cycle – theory detailing the rise and fall of Chinese dynasties
Assimilation – one group is made a part of another group’s culture
Silk Road – overland trade route from China to the Mediterranean
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Processing Choose one of the following
Imagine you are a poor farmer and one day you stumble across Shi Huangdi’s tomb. Write a journal entry for that day. What did you see? What were your thoughts?
Imagine you are a merchant on the Silk Road. Write a journal entry depicting several days of your journey. What have you encountered? Are you going to or from China? What types of goods do you currently have in your possession?