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Inverted Metallurgical Microscope

EPIPHOT 300

http://www.ptbsales.com/systems/

Thank you for your purchase of a Nikon

product.

This instruction manual has been prepared

for those who will use Nikon's inverted

metallurgical microscope EPIPHOT 300.

Before using the microscope, read this

manual from cover to cover to acquire

flawless knowledge of its safe operation.

Such knowledge will enable you to make the

best use of this microscope. After reading

this booklet, keep it as reference material.

FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS BELOW!

1. Purpose

Use this microscope only for microscopic

observation. Do not use it for other purposes

or applications.

2. No Disassembling

Disassembling the microscope may cause you

electrical shocks or damage to the instrument.

Never disassemble parts of the instrument other

than those mentioned in this manual. If any

abnormality or malfunction is found in the

instrument, contact your nearest Nikon

representative.

3. Heat at the Lamphouse

The lamp and the lamphouse are very hot

during and right after the illumination. Be

careful not to get burned.

0 The warning label on the back of the I2V-JOOW lamphouse 2 is a reminder for the above caution.

• Do not touch the lamphouse within 30

minutes after turning off the power switch of

the power supply unit.

• Do not bring the following near the

lamphouse: Highly inflammable, volatile

substances such as gasoline, benzine, thinner

and alcohol as well as inflammables such as

cloth, paper and other similar matters. They

may catch fire when brought near the hot

lamp house.

4. Check the Input Voltage

Confirm that the input voltage range of the

power supply unit of the microscope corresponds to that of the available line voltage.

If they don't, never tum on the power switch.

Contact your nearest Nikon representative.

Detach the battery chamber cover from the

bottom of the control box, and confirm that the voltage selection switch is set at the available line voltage. If the switch is not so set, set it.

Bottom of the control box

7[],ros•,

Voltage selection switch

5. Check the Light Source

The power supply unit of the microscope is to

light the halogen lamps mentioned in the table

below. The table shows specified combinations to form each of the light sources for this

microscope. The use of other light sources may

result in malfunction.

Specified Lamps Specified Lamphouse Adapters

Halogen lamp 12V-IO0W LONGLIFE 12V-I00W lamphouse (OSRAM HLX64623 or PHILIPS 7724) adapter for X JOOS

Halogen lamp 12V-50W 12V -SOW lamphouse for (OSRAM HLX64610 or PHILIPS 7027) U-epi 10

Specified Lamphouses

12V -1 00W lamphouse 2 with pre-centered socket

12V-50W lamphouse adapter for U-epi 10

6. Use of a Mercury or Xenon Lamp <WARNING>

When using a high-intensity light source (HG or

Xe), and performing brightfield, darkfield,

simplified polarization, differential interference

contrast or other microscopy (except epi

fluorescence microscopy), use ONLY the

collector lens indicated "Epi UV-C".

Ep;uv-cl

If you don't use this particular collector lens or

if you use no collector lens for the above forms

of microscopic observation, you may be in

danger of losing your eyesight due to the

influence of the ultraviolet light involved.

----�-� ----- -----------

�

ii

iii

7. Connecting or Disconnecting Cables

Before connecting or disconnecting the cables,

turn off the power switches of the power supply

unit and the control box. �===-----

�-- 'Ill

OFF ✓"

8. Cautions when Replacing the Lamp

• Wait until the lamp and the lamphouse

sufficiently cool down before replacing the

lamp.

• Turn off the power switch of the power

supply unit and unplug the power cable off

the AC IN receptacle when replacing the

lamp. Do so to avoid electrical shocks to you

or damage to the microscope.

• Turn off the power switch of the control box

and unplug the power supply cable off the

control box when replacing the fuse.

9. Short Circuit and Abnormal Heating

Do not spill water onto the microscope. Water

in the microscope from outside may result in

short circuits or abnormal heating.

10. Weak Electromagnetic Waves

This microscope generates weak

electromagnetic waves. Do not bring precision

electronic devices near the microscope. Move

radios, TV sets or other similar devices away

from the microscope if their reception is

affected by the electromagnetic waves from the

instrument.

11. Cautions when Installing the Microscope

Be careful not to get your fingers or hand

caught under the microscope. The accuracy of

the microscope is influenced by the environ

ment in which it is used or kept in custody.

Use the microscope in an adequate environment

as an environment inappropriate to its operation

may be responsible for malfunction. (For more

detail, see 'Where to Install' on page 5.)

12. Cautions when Carrying the Microscope

• This microscope is a precision instrument.

Handle it with enough care. Do not give

shocks or impacts to it. The accuracy of

some parts of the instrument such as

objectives may be affected even by weak

impacts.

• The microscope weighs approximately 34 kg

in its standard operational form. It should be

carried at least by two persons. Let them

support the base of the microscope from both

sides to carry it.

iv

V

12. Cautions when Carrying the Microscope (cont'd)

• Never attempt to move the microscope by

holding the focus knob, eyepiece tube, dark

box, lamphouse, stage or the like. Such an

attempt may cause any of these parts to be

pulled off and damage the instrument.

• When moving the microscope on the desk, do

not drag it. Lift it and put it down gently

where it is to be placed again.

13. Serial Numbers of the Microscope andKey Component

The serial numbers of the microscope, its

eyepiece tube and of the control box should be

identical. If this microscope is used together

with an eyepiece tube and a control box each

with a serial number different from that of the

microscope, it will not exhibit its performance

properly.

CONTENTS

FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS BELOW!

I. NOMENCLATURE ............................................. 1

II. ASSEMBLY .................................................... 5

Ill. PREPARATION .............................................. 15 1. Diopter Adjustment ............................................................................ 15

2. lnterpupillary Distance Adjustment ................................................. 17

3. Centering of 12V-S0W Halogen Lamp .............................................. 18

4. Centering of Field Diaphragm ........................................................... 19

5. Centering of Aperture Diaphragm ..................................................... 21

IV. MICROSCOPIC PROCEDURE .............................. 23 1. Brightfield Microscopy ....................................................................... 24

2. Darkfield Microscopy......................................................................... 27

3. Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy .....................•........... 29

4. Simplified Brightfield Polarization Microscopy and Sensitive

Brightfield Polarization Microscopy .................................................. 31

V. OPERATION OF EACH PART ............................... 33 1. Filters.................................................................................................. 33

2. Aperture Diaphragm .......................................................................... 35

3. Field Diaphragm ............................................................................... .36

4. Polarizer Slider .................................................................................. .37

5. Analyzer Slider ................................................................................... 38

6. First Order Red Compensator Slider ................................................ .38

7. Mirror Bwcks ..................................................................................... 39

8. Optical Path Changeover Slider ...................................................... .40

9. Eyepiece Tube ..................................................................................... 41

10. ZoomDial ........................................................................................... 41

11. Focusing Device ................................................................................. 42

12. Rectangular Mechanical Stage .......................................................... 43

13. Grain Reticle ....................................................................................... 44

14. Micrometer Reticle ............................................................................ 45

15. Optical System .................................................................................... 46

VI. PHOTOMICROGRAPHY .................................... 47 1. Film Loading and Unloading ............................................................ 47

2. Exposure Mode Table ........................................................................ 51

3. Operational Details ............................................................................. 56

4. Dealing with Vibration ...................................................................... 62

VII. TROUBLESHOOTING TABLE ............................... 63 1. Optical ................................................................................................. 63

2. Operational ........................................................................................ 65

3. Electrical ............................................................................................. 66

4. Photomicrographic............................................................................. 67

VIII. CARE AND MAINTENANCE ............................... 70

ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................ 72

I. NOMENCLATURE

II. ASSEMBLY

Ill. PREPARATION

IV. MICROSCOPIC

PROCEDURE

V. OPERATION OF

EACH PART

VI. PHOTO

MICROGRAPH Y

VII. TROUBLE

SHOOTING TABLE

VIII. CARE AND

MAINTENANCE

ELECTRICAL

SPECIFICATIONS

vi

1

NOMENCLATURE

Revolving nosepiece

Objective

OB/PHOTO changeover lever

Eyepiece tube clamp screw

Eyepiece tube

Diopter correction ring

Eyepiece

Pilot lamp

Lamp intensity control dial

Power switch

Power supply unit

Focusing panel

4"x5" film holder adapter

35 mm/LARGE changeover lever

Zoom dial

Stage ring

Mirror block changeover lever

Analyzer slider (Dust-tight slider)

Rectangular mechanical stage

Anti-glare NOB filter insertion/removal lever

Polarizer slider (Dust-tight slider)

Lamphouse

Control box

08/PHOTO•SIDE changeover lever

Stage lateral movement knob

Stage longitudinal movement knob

Fine focus knob

Coarse focus knob

Coarse focus torque adjustment ring

Screw holes for field diaphragm centering

Screw holes for aperture diaphragm centering

Lamphouse adapter

Filter

Filter pocket

Side port

Reticle slider (Dust-tight slider)

Aperture diaphragm dial

Field diaphragm dial

Mirror block port

DX cable

35 mm dark box

35 mm dark box attaching mount

Lamp intensity control dial

AC IN connector

Lamphouse cable connector

Ex-control connector

Ex-control cable

Ex-control connector

2

z 0

s:: m z 0

C :,:, m

Control box

D.EXP [double exposure] key

EXP [exposure] key

EXP.ADJ [exposure adjustment] key

ISO keys

DX mode display lamp

ISO value display

Fuse (1A/250V)

Power switch

Power cable

Receptacle for hand-held switch

3

CHECK display

Exposure time display

RST [reset] key

Film end LED

WIND key

EXP.ADJ [exposure adjustment] value display

DX cable

Plug insertion/ detaching button

Signal cable

Rewind switch

Advance button

Mode switch

FX-35DX

Film advance mode switch

Rewind knob

Rewind crank

Attaching/detaching button

@l1--,____ ________ DX_C_ o_nn_e_ct_or

NFX-35

Film advance indicator Data mask IN/OUT lever

Rewind knob

Rewind crank

Attaching/detaching button

DX cable connector

I z

0

s:: m

z (")

-t C :0 m

4

5

ASSEMBLY Assemble the following parts and components in the order of their numbers given as below.

Tools required/or assembly: One hexagonal screwdriver,

one hexagonal wrench, a pair of centering tools and one screwdriver for cross-recessed head screws. The first three are supplied with the microscope.

This microscope is a precision instrument. Handle it with enough care.

Do not give it strong impacts. Do not operate it forcibly. They both may cause malfunction.

Where to Install • Do not install the microscope in a bright environment where it is

exposed to direct sunlight or placed right beneath the room lamps.

If the surrounding environment is brighter than necessary, the

focused sample image may not be clearly visible.

• Install the microscope in a place free from dust or dirt.

• Install the microscope flat on a level surface.

• Install the microscope in the following environment where the

room temperature is in the range of O to 40°C and the relative

humidity is 85% or below.

High temperatures and high humidity may cause mold and dew to

be formed on the lenses. They may also degrade the performance

of the microscope or result in malfunction.

G) Lamphouse Adapter

* When using 12V-100W Halogen Lamp as a

Light Sourse

(See pages 12, 13 as to when 12V-50Whalogen lamp is used as a light source or whenthe metal halide light source is used.)

Insert the lamphouse adapter into the sleeve in

the back of the microscope. Three crossrecessed head screws are supplied with the adapter. Insert two of them into the two screw holes in

the upper part of the adapter. Tighten these two screws with a screwdriver. (The two tightened screws provide the adapter with enough strength without the third screw tightened into the screw

hole in the lower part of the adapter.)

0 Lamp and Lamphouse

*When using 12V-100W Halogen Lamp as a

Light Sourse

(See pages 12, 13 as to when 12V-50Whalogen lamp is used as a light source or whenthe metal halide light source is used.)

( CAUTIONS)

• Use 12V-100W halogen lamp (specified in'Electrical Specifications' on page 72) and theNikon 12V-l OOW lamphouse 2 with precentered socket,

• Wait until the lamp and the lamphouse cool

down sufficiently before replacing the lamp.• Tum off the power s-witch and unplug the

power connector before replacing the lamp.

This avoids electrical shocks or damage to themicroscope.

• Do not touch with bare hands the glass surfaceof the lamp to be mounted. Dirt or fingerprintson the surface may degrade the illuminatingcapacity of the lamp. If fingerprints or dirt areleft on the surface, wipe them off and keep thelamp always clean.

• Insert the 12V -lO0W lamphouse 2 firmly intothe microscope base before fixing thislamphouse.

• Remove the filter holders before detaching the12V-IO0W lamphouse 2.

Loosen the clamp screw on the side of the lamphouse cover with a coin or the like [I], and detach the cover [21. Press down the lamp clamp lever. While pressing it down, insert the lamp into the socket until the lamp pins reach the limits in the pinholes (�and � ). Be careful not to tilt the lamp when releasing the clamp lever. Put the cover back, and tighten the clamp screw on the cover.

Sufficiently loosen the lamphouse clamp screw on the lamphouse adapter. Insert the lamphouse into the adapter until it reaches the limit. Tighten the clamp screw with the centering tool.

I�

I �,,,I I

@ Revolving Nosepiece

Sufficiently loosen the nosepiece clamp screw with the hexagonal screwdriver. Fit the circular dovetail of the nosepiece to the corresponding mount in the microscope base. Ensuring that the outer circumference of the nosepiece's dovetail is in contact with the claws on the mount, tighten the clamp screw with the supplied centering tool.

© Stage

• The stage attachment base of the microscopehas two pins. Place the stage onto theattachment base so that the two pins fit intothe pinhole and the groove on the bottom ofthe stage plate. Tighten the three screwssupplied with the stage. Use the hexagonalwrench to tighten these screws. If the stage isfixed in the opposite direction, the stagemovement knobs are located at the front left.(Note that the figure shows the stagemovement knobs are located at the rear right.)

• Fit the stage ring onto the stage. Screw in thetwo specimen clips on the stage.

6

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s: ID

�

7

® Eyepiece Tube

Sufficiently loosen the eyepiece tube clamp screw at the top of the microscope with the

hexagonal screwdriver. Slightly tilt the eyepiece tube to push its dovetail into the corresponding mount. Tighten the clampscrew to fix the eyepiece tube.

00D Make sure that the serial number of the

eyepiece tube is identical to that of the

microscope base. The serial number of the

eyepiece tube is printed on the plaque on the

back of the microscope base.

® Eyepiece

Insert an eyepiece with a built-in mask (with EPM indication) into the right eyepiece sleeve. Insert an eyepiece with no built-in mask into the left eyepiece sleeve. When inserting each eyepiece, align its three grooves with the

corresponding protrusions of the eyepiece sleeve. After inserting the eyepiece with a builtin mask, confirm that this mask is not slanted.

,, ,, I/ I/

I/

/' ,j

* Rubber eyeguards for binocular

eyepieces (option)Insert each eyeguard into the groove in the outer circumference of the eyepiece.

* Rotation clamp ringsThe rotation clamp ring is attached to the eyepiece sleeve to prevent the rotation of the eyepiece. When removing one of the eyepieces, do not hold the ring and forcibly pull it out together with the eyepiece. The ring must be

detached when earlier-made eyepieces are attached. Pay attention to the following when attaching the ring again.

* Attaching the rotation clamp ringHold the ring facing its ¢ 0.8 protrusion toward you. There are two pawls on the ring and two grooves on the sleeve. Attach the ring to the sleeve to fit the pawls into the grooves.

t/J 0.8 protrusion

A Pawl-

v =-� Q) Rotation clamp ring Eyepiece sleeve

(j) Mirror Block

• Use the hexagonal screwdriver to loosen oneof the two screws fixing the cover of themirror block port. Tum the cover to the left.

• Hold the brightfield mirror block (withB.F.indication) upside down. Fit this mirrorblock to the dovetail mount inside the mirrorblock port, and push it into this port until itreaches the second click stop.

• Hold the darkfield mirror block (with D.F.indication) also upside down. Fit this mirrorblock to the same dovetail mount, and push itinto the port until it reaches the first click stop.

• Put the cover of the mirror block port back as before, and tighten the screw to fix this cover.

With the front of the microscope facing you, attach the darkfield mirror block (indicated D.F.) to the left half of the mount in themirror block port. If attached to the righthalf, it may cause malfunction.

® Objective

Detach the stage ring from the stage. Screw in the objectives into the holes in the revolving nosepiece. Mount the objectives in such a way that the magnification of the objectives mounted increases with the clockwise rotation of the nosepiece when it is viewed from above.

Ex.

150x

® Power Supply Unit

� For 100-120 V area

Use only the power supply unit model "PSM-1120" provided by Nikon Corporation.

For 220-240 V area -------�

Use only the power supply unit model "PSM-2120" provided by Nikon CorporatiolL

Turn off the power switch of the power supply unit before connecting the above cables.

• Plug the end of the lamphouse cable from thelamphouse adapter into the "OUTPUT"connector of the power supply unit. Screw inthe lock ring to the limit to fix this end of thecable.

• Plug one end of the ex-control cable into theconnector on the back of the microscope base.Plug the other end of the cable into the"CTRL" connector on the back of the powersupply unit.Connect this cable only when the lampintensity is controlled with the lamp intensitycontrol dial of the microscope. It is notnecessary to use this cable when the lampintensity is controlled only with the lampintensity control dial of the power supply unit.

I

8

g

• Plug one end (socket) of the power cable intothe AC IN connector of the power supply unit.Insert the other end (plug) of the cable into anAC IN LINE receptacle.

C® Control Box

• The battery chamber cover is on the bottom ofthe control box. Move this cover in the arrowdirection to detach it. Set the voltageselection switch at the available line voltage.

• Load the Ni-Cd battery (3.6V-50mAH) as perthe polarity indication(+,-) in the batterychamber, and re-attach the battery chambercover.

Bottom of the control box

�,,,,.,, Ni-Cd battery

� Do not dispose of used or disused batteries.

Return them to your nearest Nikon

representative.

Turn off the power switch of the control box

before connecting the cables.

• Connect the control box to the microscopebase with the signal cable. Push the pluginsertion/detaching button of the signal cableconnector to insert the plug of the signal cablestraight into the receptacle matching itsdirection with the receptacle.

• Insert the end of the DX cable from themicroscope base into the connector of thecontrol box.

• Insert one end (socket) of the power supplycable into the AC..l:N connector of the controlbox. Insert the other end (plug) of the cableinto an AC IN LINE receptacle.

® Dark Box

Use the FX-35DX dark box or the NFX-35 dark

box for 35 mm film photomicrography. • When using the FX-35DX dark box, set its

film advance mode switch at "A" (AUTO

mode). This switch is on the top of the darkbox.The FX-35DX dark box doesn't work when its

film advance mode switch is set at "M".

• When using the NFX-35 dark box, set its

mode switch at "B". This switch is on thebottom of the dark box.

The NFX-35 dark box doesn't work when itsmode switch is set at "A".

When the attached data back is not used, tum the mask IN/OUT lever of the NFX-35 dark box to

"OUT".

• Align the index of the dark box with that of35 mm dark box attaching mount of themicroscope base. Rotate the dark box in the

arrow direction to the limit to attach the darkbox.

When detaching the dark box, push its

attaching/detaching button. While so doing, rotate the dark box in the counter-arrow

direction.

• Connect the DX cable from the microscopebase to the dark box.

DX cable

I ► (/) (/) m

10

11

@ Analyzer, Polarizer and Reticles

• Hold each slider with its indications facing upor toward you, and insert it into thecorresponding port.

• When not in use, insert their correspondingdust-tight sliders respectively into the aboveports. This prevents dust or dirt coming intothe microscope base.

• The polarizer slider with or without the firstorder red compensator can be inserted into itsport either from the right or left side of themicroscope. It is advisable to insert the sliderfrom the side where the stage movementknobs are not located. This makes theoperation of the polarizer easier.

@ Photomicrographic Attachment (option)

Refer to the instruction manual of your photomicrographic attachment on its assembly or on how to perform photomicrography with that attachment. If an additional photomicrographic attachment is required besides the photomicrographic system built in the microscope base, mount one to the side port.

• Fix the viewfinder, the FM-mount, the darkbox and other components to the main unit ofthe photomicrographic attachment by referringto its instruction manual.

• Detach the cap from the side port tube. Insertan PL projection lens into the side port tube.Push in the projection lens into this tube untilit reaches the limit. Slightly tighten theprojection lens fixing screw with thehexagonal screwdriver to fix this lens.

• Face the viewfinder of the assembledphotomicrographic attachment toward thefront of the microscope. Insert the assembledattachment into the side port tube. Confirmthat the attachment reaches the limit in this tube, and tighten the photomicrographicattachment/fV adapter clamp screw to fix thatattachment.

Projection lens fixing screw

Photomicrographic attachment/ TV clamp screw

Side port tube clamp screw

® TV Camera (option)

Refer to the instruction manual of your TV camera on its operation or on how to connect it to a power supply. Mount the TV camera to the side port. A TV camera can be mounted to the side port in three different ways depending on the type of a projection Jense to be used.

• Use of a lx relay lens

• Detach the cap from the side port tube.Insert the relay lens into the side port tube.Push this Jens into the side port tube until itreaches the limit. Tighten the projectionJens fixing screw with the hexagonalscrewdriver.

• Attach the C-mount or the ENG-mountadapter to the TV camera. Insert the TV -camera-attached adapter into the side porttube. Confirm that it reaches the limit inthis tube. Tighten the photomicrographicattachment/fV clamp screw.

• Use of a TV relay lens (0.45x, 0.6x or zoom)

• Attach a zoom-mount adapter (for theC-mount or the ENG-mount) to the end ofthe zoom lens with the hexagonalscrewdriver.

• Attach the TV camera to the zoom lens.Insert the TV camera-attached zoom lensinto the side port tube. Confirm that itreaches the limit in this tube, and tightenthe photomicrographic attachment/fVclamp screw.

• Use of the direct C-mount adapter• Use the hexagonal screwdriver to loosen the

two side port tube clamp screws at the baseof the side port. Pull out the side port tube.

• Insert the direct C-mount adapter into theside port. Tighten the above two screwswith the hexagonal screwdriver to fix thisadapter.

@ Use of the Other Light Sources

* Use of 12V-50W halogen lamp

( CAUTIONS) • Use 12V-50W halogen lamps (specified in

'Electrical Specifications' on page 72) andthe Nikon 12V-50W lamphouse for U-epi10.

• Wait until the lamp and the lamphouse cooldown sufficiently before replacing thelamp.

• Tum off the power switch and unplug thepower connector before replacing the lamp.

This avoids electrical shocks or damage to

the microscope.• Do not touch with bare hands the glass

surface of the lamp to be mounted. Dirt orfingerprints on the lamp surface maydegrade the illuminating capacity of thelamp. If dirt or fingerprints are left on thesurface, wipe them off and keep the lampalways clean.

• Lamphouse AdapterInsert the lamphouse adapter into the sleeve inthe back of the microscope. Three crossrecessed screws are supplied with the adapter.Insert two of them into the two upper screwholes in the adapter. Tighten these two screwswith a screwdriver. (The two tightenedscrews provide the adapter with enoughstrength without the third screw tightened inthe screw hole in the lower part of theadapter.)

� �

I

12

13

• Lamp and LamphouseInsert the lamp firmly into the socket pinholes[I] . Fit the socket sleeve into the lamphouse� , and clamp the sleeve with the socketsleeve clamp screw � .

Sufficiently loosen the lamphouse clamp screw, insert the lamphouse into the adapter, and fix the lamphouse with the clamp screw.

* Use of the Metal Halide Light Source

Insert the end of the fiber into the fiber adapteruntil it reaches the limit. Fix this end of the fiberwith the clamp screw supplied with the fiberadapter.

� Do not apply excessive force to the clamp

screws.

Insert the fiber-attached fiber adapter into the sleeve in the back of the microscope. Fix the adapter with the clamp screw supplied with the sleeve. Refer to the instruction manual of the metal halide light source on the assembly and use of this light source.

Clamp screw

15

PREPARATION

1. Diopter Adjustment

( 1) Push the mirror block changeover lever to put the

brightfield mirror block (with B.F. indication) in

the optical path.

(2) Push both the OB/PHOTO•SIDE and OB/PHOTO

changeover levers to provide the binocular

eyepieces with 100% light output.

(3) Tum on the power switch of the power supply

unit. Rotate its lamp intensity control dial to

CTRL. Set the lamp intensity control dial of the

microscope base at about 6V.

(4) If a Nomarski prism, the polarizer and the

analyzer are in the optical path, remove them

from the optical path.

(5) Fully open the aperture and field diaphragms.Fully open the aperture diaphragm.

Fully open the field diaphragm.

(6) Turn the zoom dial to select lx magnification.

(Figure right)

(7) Rotate the coarse focus knob to lower the

revolving nosepiece to the limit. Rotate the

nosepiece to put the lOx objective in the optical

path. Rotate the stage movement knobs to locate

the center of the opening of the stage ring almost

right above the top of that objective.

I(8) Place a flat, high reflectance sample on the stage.

Face its surface to be observed downward.

(9) The eyepiece with a built-in mask is in the right"ti

eyepiece sleeve.

Rotate the diopter correction ring of this eyepiece

to focus on its mask. (Figure right)

(10) View the sample through the right eyepiece.

While so doing, rotate the coarse focus and fine

focus knobs to focus on the sample.

Stop down the field diaphragm to make the field

diaphragm image clearly visible. This makes

focusing easier.


Coarse focus and fine focus knobs

16

17

( 11) Rotate the diopter correction ring of the left

eyepiece to focus on the sample through this

eyepiece.

• The foregoing adjusts the diopter difference between the operator's left and right eyes,

thus enabling him to easily perform sample observation through the binocular eyepieces.

It also maintain the mechanical tube length correctly and helps high quality objectives to

fully exhibit their performance. Due also to the correct mechanical tube length, the

sample image focused with one objective is still in focus when it is observed with the rest

of the objectives mounted to the revolving nosepiece.

2. Interpupillary Distance Adjustment

View the viewfield through the binocular eyepieces.

While so doing, adjust the interpupillary distance until

the right and left viewfields coincide.

• Interpupillary distance adjustment causes the

eyepieces to rotate. However, the right eyepiece

sleeve contains a mechanism which keeps the

eyepiece in it from being rotated during

interpupillary distance adjustment.

• If the eyepiece with a built-in mask is inserted into

the left eyepiece sleeve, this eyepiece is rotated

during interpupillary distance adjustment. Therefore,

detach the rotation clamp ring from the left eyepiece

tube (See page 7), and insert the eyepiece with a

built-in mask into the left eyepiece sleeve. After

adjusting the interpupillary distance, rotate this

eyepiece to correct the angle of its built-in mask.

Viewfield

QDoO

3. Centering of 12V-S0\V Halogen Lamp

When using 12V-50W halogen lamps, center it as described below. When 12V-100W

halogen lamps is used, proceed to the next section since it doesn't need centering.

( 1) Push the mirror block changeover lever to put the brightfield mirror block in the

optical path.

(2) Push both the OB/PHOTO•SIDE and OB/PHOTO changeover levers to provide the

binocular eyepieces with 100% light output.

(3) Tum on the power switch of the power supply unit. Rotate its lamp intensity control

dial to CTRL. Set the lamp intensity control dial of the microscope base at about 6V.

(4) If a Nomarski prism, the polarizer and the analyzer are in the optical path, remove

them from the optical path.

(5) Fully open the aperture and field diaphragms.

(6) Rotate the revolving nosepiece to switch to the IOx objective.

Rotate the stage movement knobs to locate the center of the opening in the stage ring

almost right above the top of that objective.

(7) Place a flat, high reflectance sample on the stage. Face its surface to be observed

downward.

(8) Rotate the coarse focus and fine focus knobs to focus on the sample.

Stop down the field diaphragm to make the field diaphragm image clearly visible.

This makes focusing easier.

(9) Loosen the eyepiece tube clamp screw to tum the eyepiece tube to the left. Tighten

the clamp screw to fix the eyepiece tube. (If the operator can easily reach the

lamphouse from the front of the microscope while looking into the eyepiece facing

front, it is not necessary to change the direction of the eyepiece tube.)

(10) Remove one of the binocular eyepieces to view the viewfield through the eyepiece

sleeve. The objective's exit pupil is visible there as a bright circle. Also visible there

is the diffuser plate built in the illuminator.

( 11) Loosen the lamp house clamp screw to move the

lamphouse slowly back or forth. Fix the

lamphouse at the point where the filament image

of the lamp is sharply formed on the diffuser

plate.

I

18

19

(12) Loosen the eyepiece tube clamp screw to turn the eyepiece tube to the right. Tighten

the clamp screw to fix the eyepiece tube. (If the operator can easily reach the

lamphouse from the front of the microscope while looking into the eyepiece facing

front, it is not necessary to change the direction of the eyepiece tube.)

(13) Loosen the lamp socket sleeve clamp screw to rotate the lamp socket. Rotate the

lamp socket to adjust the longitudinal direction of the lamp. Rotate the lamp centering

screw to adjust the lateral

direction of the lamp. Adjust

these two directions to move

the filament image into the

center of the objective's exit

pupil. Tighten the lamp socket

clamp screw to fix the lamp.

Tum the eyepiece tube to the

front as before.

4. Centering of Field Diaphragm

(1) Push the mirror block changeover lever to put the brightfield mirror block in the

optical path.


binocular eyepieces with 100% light output

(3) Turn on the power switch of the power supply unit. Rotate its lamp intensity control





(6) Rotate the revolving nosepiece to switch to the lOx objective.




downward.



This make focusing easier.

(9) Insert each of the two centering tools into the

screw holes for field diaphragm centering.

(10) Stop down the field diaphragm to make the field

diaphragm image smaller than the eyepiece

viewfield. Rotate the centering tools to center the

field diaphragm until the the field diaphragm

image and the eyepiece viewfield are concentric.

®,

,

I Each of the centering tools reaches the limit when it is rotated clockwise :► # ________________________________ _ : in the screw hole. Do not rotate it further with excessive force. If I 1 rotated forcibly, it may be damaged. :�---------------------------------

I

20

21

5. Centering of Aperture Diaphragm

( 1) Push the mirror block changeover lever to put the brightfield mirror block in the

optical path.








(6) Rotate the revolving nosepiece to switch to the IOx objective.




downward.



This makes focusing easier.

(9) Switch from the IOx objective to the 50x objective and focus on the sample again.

( 10) Insert each of the two centering tools into the screw holes for aperture diaphragm

centering.

( 11) Remove one of the binocular eyepieces to view

the viewfield through the eyepiece sleeve. The

objective's exit pupil is visible there as a bright

circle. Also visible there is the diffuser plate built

in the illuminator.

(12) Stop down the aperture diaphragm to minimum.

The diaphragm image then become visible on the

objective's exit pupil. Rotate the centering tools to

center the aperture diaphragm until the aperture

diaphragm image and the exit pupil are concentric.

Objective's exit pupil

Aperture diaphragm image

I -0 ::a m

� ::a

� 0 z

22

23

MICROSCOPIC PROCEDURE

Required set

• Brightfield set

• Darkfield set also required

Set includes darkfield

mirror block,

8D quintuple nosepiece and

BD objectives.

• Differential interferencecontrast set also required

Set includes polarizer,

analyzer, first order red

compensator, Nomarski

prisms, universal quintuple

nosepiece, and DIC

objectives.

• Simplified polarization set also required

Set includes polarizer, l analyzer and first order red

compensator.

Available Microscopy

Brightfield

Darkfield

Differential

interference

contrast

Simplified brightfield

polarization

Sensitive brightfield

polarization

⇒ See page p. 24

⇒ See page p. 27

⇒ See page p. 29

⇒ See page p. 31

⇒ See page p. 31

I. Brightfield l\licroscopy

( 1) Push the mirror block changeover lever to the

click stop to put the brightfield mirror block (with

B.F. indication) in the optical path.

CONFIRM that the brightfield mirror block (B.F.)

is set at the right side of the mirror block port

(when seen from the front of the microscope).

(2) If the polarizer, the analyzer and the first order

red compensator are in the optical path, remove


* During nonnal observation, Nomarski prisms SIA,

S 1 B, S 1 C or S 1 E can be left in the optical path. Butremove them when photomicrography is perfonned or

when a sample with much finer details is observed.

(3) Turn on the power switch of the power supply

unit. Rotate its lamp intensity control dial to

CTRL. Set the lamp intensity control dial of the

microscope base at about 9V.

(4) Push the anti-glare ND8 filter insertion/removal

lever to put this filter in the optical path.

I s: n :ll 0 C/l (") 0 .,

:ll 0 (") m 0 C :ll m

24

25

(5) Put the NCB 11 and ND filters in the optical path.

Select an ND filter which properly adjusts the

reflectance of the sample.

(6) Push both the OB/PHOTO·SIDE and

OB/PHOTO changeover levers to provide the


(7) Rotate the coarse focus knob to lower the

revolving nosepiece. Rotate the nosepiece to put

the lOx objective in the optical path.

(8) Place a sample on the stage. Face its surface to be

observed downward. View the sample through

the binocular eyepieces. While so doing, rotate

the coarse focus and fine focus knobs to focus on

the sample.

OT

, I

12V-100W

lamphouse

M, �/ /i

'./ I

///

(9) Switch to the desired objective and focus on the sample.

12V-50W

lamphouse

1 • Nikon's 50x or higher magnification objectives (except ELWD) are

►#

·--------------------------------

1 equipped with a safety mechanism. However, the top lens of each of

these objectives slightly protrudes beyond the metal rim around it.

When rotating the revolving nosepiece to which these high

magnification objectives have been mounted, pay close attention so

as not to hit them against the sample or the like.

• When the stage is moved laterally or longitudinally, some of the

objectives mounted to the revolving nosepiece may hit against the

metal bottom plate of the stage. Carefully rotate the nosepiece so as

not to hit such objectives against the metal parts.

�---------------------------------

(10) Adjust the brightness with ND filters and the lamp

intensity control dial.

( 11) Turn the field diaphragm dial to stop down the

field diaphragm until the field diaphragm image

almost inscribes or cicumscribes the viewfield.

* The field diaphragm restricts the illumination light

only to the sample's area to be illuminated for

observation. If the sample is illuminated wider than

necessary because the field diaphragm is not stopped

down properly, stray light will enter the viewfield to

generate a flare, and reduce the image contrast.

Correct operation of this diaphragm is therefore very

important especially for photomicrography.

Usually, the field diaphragm is to be stopped downuntil the image of the stopped down diaphragm is

slightly larger than the actual dimensions of the film

format.

(12) Turn the aperture diaphragm dial to open or stop

down the aperture diaphragm properly.

* The aperture diaphragm is used to adjust the

illumination system's numerical aperture, and plays an

important role in determining image resolution,

contrast and depth of focus. Detach one of the

eyepieces from the binocular eyepieces of this

microscope, and look into the eyepiece sleeve. The

objective's exit pupil is visible there. As a generalrule, the aperture diaphragm is stopped down to the

range of 70-80% of that exit pupil to obtain a goodimage of appropriate contrast.

12V-100W lamphouse



\\

rt"n�� ,;�:.,,1 II 111"11)11 I 300 I


Aperture diaphragm image

Size of the aperture diaphragm image

I s:n :D 0 en (") 0 -c

-c :D 0 (") m 0 C :D m

26

27

2. Darkfield Microscopy

(I) Pull the mirror block changeover lever to the

click stop to put the darkfield mirror block (with

D.F. indication) in the optical path.

I• Confirm that the darkfield mirror block (D.F.) is attached at the left :►# ________________________________ _ : side of the mirror block port (when seen from the front). If you pull I

1 the optical changeover lever forcibly with the darkfield mirror block : I set at the right side, it may cause malfunction. 1 : • Glare may enter the viewfield when rotating the revolving nosepiece I

I I or when removing the darkfield mirror block from the optical path 1 : during darkfield microscopy. Keep your eyes off the binocular I 1 eyepieces at such times. :�---------------------------------

(2) If a Nomarski prism, the polarizer, the analyzer, the first order red compensator and

the reticle are in the optical path, remove them from the optical path.

* During normal observation, Nomarski prisms SJA, SJ B, SJC or SJE can be left in the optical

path. But remove them when photomicrography is pe,formed or when a sample with much finer

details is observed.


dial to CTRL. Set the lamp intensity control dial of the microscope at maximum.

(4) Push the anti-glare ND8 filter insertion/removal lever to put this filter in the optical

path.

(5) Put the NCB 11 filter in the optical path.

(6) Tum the aperture diaphragm dial to fully open this diaphragm.


binocular eyepieces with I 00% light output.

(8) Rotate the coarse focus knob to lower the revolving nosepiece. Rotate the nosepiece

to put the 1 Ox objective in the optical path.

(9) Place a sample on the stage. Face its surface to be observed downward. View the

sample through the binocular eyepieces. While so doing, rotate the coarse focus and

fine focus knobs to focus on the sample.

It is also possible to change over to darkfield microscopy after focusing the sample

during brightfield microscopy. (See "Changing over between Brightfield and

Darkfield Microscopy" written below)


► # ________________________________ _

• Nikon's SOx or higher magnification objectives (except ELWD) areequipped with a safety mechanism. However, the top lens of each ofthese objectives slightly protrudes beyond the metal rim around it.When rotating the revolving nosepiece to which these highmagnification objectives have been mounted, pay close attention soas not to hit them against the sample or the like.

• When the stage is moved laterally or longitudinally, some of theobjectives mounted to the revolving nosepiece may hit against themetal bottom plate of the stage. Carefully rotate the nosepiece so asnot to hit such objectives against the metal parts.

�---------------------------------

(11) Adjust the brightness with ND filters and the lamp intensity control dial.

* When the quintuple brightfield revolving nosepiece is used, it is impossible to perform dark.fieldmicroscopy.

* Changing over between Brightfield and Darkfield Microscopy(1) Push the anti-glare ND8 filter insertion/removal lever to put this filter in the optical path.

(2) Changeover from brightfield to darkfield microscopyG) Pull the mirror block changeover lever to put the darkfield mirror block (with D.F. indication) in

the optical path. As this changeover lever is pulled out, the field diaphragm is fully opened.® Fully open the aperture diaphragm. G) Adjust the brightness with ND filters and the lamp intensity control dial.

(3) Changeover from darkfield to brightfield microscopyG) Push the mirror block changeover lever to put the brightfield mirror block (with B.F. indication) in

the optical path. As this changeover lever is pushed, the fully opened field diaphragm is stoppeddown as set by the field diaphragm dial.

► �--------------------------------�1 When removing the darkfield mirror block from the optical path, keep I: your eyes off the binocular eyepieces as glare may enter the viewfield. : , ________________________________ _

® Tum the aperture diaphragm dial to open or stop down this diaphragm properly. G) Adjust the brightness with ND filters and the lamp intensity control dial.

I � 0 :r, 0 CJ) (") 0 _,

0 _, :r, 0 (") m CJ C :r, m

28

29

3. Differential Interference Contrast l\licroscopy

(1) Push the mirror block changeover lever to the click stop to put the brightfield mirror

block (with B.F.indication) in the optical path.

(2) Mount the polarizer slider with the first order red compensator and the analyzer slider

in their respective ports. But keep them out of the optical path.

(3) Turn on the power switch of the power supply unit. Rotate its lamp intensity control


(4) Pull the anti-glare ND8 filter insertion/removal

lever to remove this filter from the optical path.

(5) Put the NCBll filter in the optical path.

(6) Push both the OB/PHOTO· SIDE and OB/PHOTO

changeover levers to provide the binocular

eyepieces with 100% light output.NDB filter insertion/ removal lever


to put the l0x objective in the optical path.

(8) Place a sample on the stage. Face its side to be observed downward. View the sample

through the binocular eyepieces. While so doing, rotate the coarse focus and fine



I• Nikon's SOx or higher magnification objectives (except ELWD) are •

►# ________________________________ _ 1

equipped with a safety mechanism. However, the top lens of each of



magnification objectives have been mounted, pay close attention so as

not to hit them against the sample or the like.


objectives mounted to the revolving nosepiece may hit the metalbottom plate of the stage. Carefully rotate the nosepiece so as not to

hit such objectives against the metal parts.

�---------------------------------

( 10) Tum the aperture and field diaphragm dials to open or stop down these two

diaphragms.

(11) Put polarizer and analyzer in the optical path.

(12) Attach an appropriate Nomarski prism to the

revolving nosepiece. Push the prism slider until it

reaches the limit. Rotate the nosepiece to bring

the prism in the optical path.

Nomarski prisms and objectives are to be used inpairs. Check the indication on each Nomarski

prism to select a correct prism that matches the

objective. (The alphabetical indication foundnext to the NA indication on an objective shouldbe identical to that on a Nomarski prism.)

Indication on Nomarski prism Corresponding Objec:tives

A BD Plan DIC 10x/20x/50x/100x

B BD Plan DIC 5x

C ELWD BD Plan DIC 50x/100x

E ELWD BD Plan DIC 20x

The indication such as "S 1 ", "S2" found before

the alphabetical indication on each Nomarski prism shows the difference in the shearing

amount. You may be able to increase the image contrast by exchanging the Nomarski prism to those having the shearing amount that matches

the specimen. (Although, this may not work on

some specimen.)

(13) Align the dot index (•)on the polarizer rotation

ring with the triangle index ( ► ) of the polarizer

slider to attain the crossed Nicols position. (The

direction of the analyzer has been factory

adjusted.)

(14) Adjust the brightness with ND filters and lamp voltage adjustment.

* The resulting dark background (without the first order red compensator in the optical path),produces an interference image similar to that obtained through brightfield phase contrastobservation. The gradual rotation of the polarizer changes the background to the so-calledsensitive gray for optimal image contrast. This image now appears in relief. much like theshadowing observed with an electron microscope, and clearly shows the phase contrastdistribution over the entire specimen like a 'bird's eye' view.The insertion of the first order red compensator into the optical path when the background is dark(that is, at the time of the crossed Nicols position), turns the background to sensitive red-violet foroptimal color contrast. Changing the background to sky-blue color by the rotation of thepolarizer, with the first order red compensator still in the optical path, produces an interferenceimage similar to that obtained through darkfield phase contrast observation. For a specimenwith considerable phase contrast differences caused by its uneven surface, the background can bechanged to another color to achieve the desired contrast.

I s: c'i ::,:, 0 (/) (') 0 .,,

c'i .,, ::,:, 0 (") m 0 C ::,:, m

30

31

4. Simplified Brightfield Polarization l\1icroscopy and

Sensitive Brightfield Polarization l\licroscopy

(1) Push the mirror block changeover lever to the click stop to put the brightfield mirror

block (with B.F. indication) in the optical path.

(2) Mount the polarizer slider with the first order red compensator and the analyzer slider

in their respective ports. But keep them out of the optical path.

(3) If any Nomarski prism has been attached to the revolving nosepiece, remove them.

( 4) Turn on the power switch of the power supply unit. Rotate its lamp intensity control


(5) Pull the anti-glare ND8 filter insertion/removal lever to remove this filter from the

optical path.

(6) Put the NCB 11 filter in the optical path.




to put the 1 Ox objective in the optical path.

(9) Place a sample on the stage facing its side to be observed downward. View the sample

through the binocular eyepieces, and while so doing, rotate the coarse focus and fine


(10) Switch to the desired objective to focus on the sample.

► #---------------------------------

• Nikon's 50x or higher magnification objectives (except ELWD) are1

equipped with a safety mechanism. However, the top lens of each of



magnification objectives have been mounted, pay close attention so as

not to hit them against the sample or the like.


objectives mounted to the revolving nosepiece may hit against the

metal bottom plate of the stage. Carefully rotate the nosepiece so as

not to hit such objectives against the metal parts

�---------------------------------

( 11) Tum the aperture and field diaphragm dials to open or stop down these two

diaphragms properly.

(12) Put the polarizer and the analyzer in the optical path. Keep the first order red

compensator out of the optical path.

(13) Keep the first order red compensator still out of the optical path. Align the dot index

( • ) on the polarizer rotation ring with the triangle index ( ► ) of the polarizer slider

to attain the crossed Nicols position. This enables simplified brightfield polarization

microscopy to be performed.

(14) Adjust the brightness with ND filters and the lamp intensity control dial.

( 15) Put the first order red compensator in the optical path. It is now possible to carry out

microscopy with sensitive red-violet color.

I s: 1'i :Jl 0 CJ) (") 0 "'C

1'i "'C :Jl 0 (") m 0 C :Jl m

32

33

OPERATION OF EACH PART

l. Filters

The table below shows the functions of filters, their names, what they are used for, and

where they are used.

Functions Names What they are Where they are

used for. used.

Color NCB11 General microscopy &

temperature color photomicrography

compensation

ND2 (reduces light to 1/2.)

Brightness control for Filter holders

ND4 Light reduction (reduces light to 1/4.)

general microscopy & photomicrography

ND8 (reduces light to 1/8.)

Anti-glare filter for Anti-glare ND8

brightfield microscopy. filter

Anti-glare ND8 Acts as ND8 in

insertion/removal brightfield, transparent glass in darkfield

lever built in its

microscopy. slot.

Green Contrast adjustment for

GIF monochrome Filter holder interference

photomicrography

The above filters are used as follows:

• Filter holder

Filter holders are inserted into the lamphouse adapters.

► #---------------------------------• Filter holders for the 12V-100W lamphouse adapter and those for the :: 12V-50W lamphouse adapter are different in shape. Note the I1 difference and use proper filter holders. :�---------------------------------

Filter holder for 12V-50W lamphouse adapter

• Anti-glare ND8 filter insertion/removal lever

Push this lever to put the ND8 filter in the optical path. When the use of this filter is not

needed, pull this lever to the limit.

► ---------------------------------�: Push or pull the NDS insertion/removal lever always to the limit. :

�---------------------------------

ND8 filter in the optical path

I 0 "1J m

� i5 z

0 ,,

m )> (") ::c

� :D -I

34

35

2. Aperture Diaphragm


Stop down the aperture diaphragm to 70~80% of the

numerical aperture of the objective in the optical path.

Remove one of the binocular eyepieces, and look into

the eyepiece sleeve. The objective's exit pupil is visible

there. As you tum the aperture diaphragm dial, the

aperture diaphragm image becomes visible on that exit

pupil. Adjust the size of that image to the 70~80%

range of the exit pupil to obtain good image.

* The aperture diaphragm is used to adjust the numerical

aperture (N.A.) of the illumination system, and plays an

important role in determining image resolution, contrast anddepth of focus. Since resolution is reduced when the aperture

diaphragm is stopped down more than necessary, do not stop

it down to 60% or below of the N.A. of the objective in theoptical path except when a special sample is observed.

* The aperture diaphragm image may not be visible when an

uneven or a low reflectance sample is in the optical path.

Replace the sample with a flat one having high reflectance,

and tum the aperture diaphragm dial to adjust the size of theaperture diaphragm image as described above.


Image of the aperture diaphragm

The size of aperture diaphragm

3. Field Diaphragm


Stop down the field diaphragm until the field diaphragm

image almost inscribes or circumscribes the eyepiece

viewfield. Tum the field diaphragm dial to open or stop

down the field diaphragm.

* The field diaphragm restricts the illumination light only to the

sample's area to be illuminated for observation. If the sample

is illuminated wider than necessary because the field

diaphragm is not adjusted properly, stray light will enter the

viewfield to generate a flare, and reduce the image contrast. Correct adjustment of this diaphragm is therefore very important especially for photomicrography. As a general rule, the field diaphragm is to be stopped down until the image of the stopped down diaphragm is slightly larger than the actual dimensions of the film format.

\

\\ " " •\

\\

1inE��;�T:

I 0 -0 m :,J

� 6 z

0 "Tl

m

:,J -I

36

37

4. Polarizer Slider

The polarizer slider is used in combination with the first order red compensator and the

analyzer in differential interference contrast and simplified polarization microscopy.

Empty hole------ ----+---H-

Polarizer---- --- --_i:;;;��1f---%\

Polarizer rotation ring------------=""'-':��"--sc:=--+li'B

• Insert the polarizer slider into the polarizer port until

it reaches the second click stop to put the polarizer in

the optical path.

When the stage movement knobs are located at the rear

right of the microscope base, insert the polarizer slider into its port with the polarizer rotation ring positioned on the left side of the microscope for easier operation of the polarizer. When inserting the polarizer slider, face the side of the polarizer rotation ring with the dot and bar indexes toward the front of the microscope.

• When changing over to brightfield or darkfield

microscopy, pull the polarizer slider to the first click

stop to put its empty hole in the optical path.

• Tum the polarizer rotation ring

of the polarizer slider to set the

directions of the polarizer.

* Keep the polarizer out of the optical

path when it is not used. It may

discolor if it is left in the optical path

for an extended period of time. But

such discoloration does not affect its

characteristics.

Directions of the polarizer

5. Analyzer Slider

The analyzer slider is used in combination with the polarizer (and Nomarski prisms) in

simplified polarization, sensitive polarization and differential interference contrast

microscopy.

• Insert the analyzer slider into the analyzer port until it

reaches the second click stop to put the analyzer in the

optical path.

• Pull the analyzer slider to the first click stop to change

over to brightfield or darkfield microscopy.

• The direction of the analyzer is shown by the arrow in

Figure right.

6. First Order Red Compensator Slider

The first order red compensator slider is attached to the polarizer slider, and they are used

Itogether in sensitive polarization and differential interference contrast microscopy.

Empty hole

----<-+--'"--+:,,---.- � F;r,t order red compensator

/ � I • In performing sensitive polarization or differential interference contrast microscopy, insert the

first order red compensator slider and the polarizer slider into the polarizer port until itreaches the limit. This puts both the first order red compensator and the polarizer in theoptical path. (Figure below -[I])

• In altering the compensation range in differential interference contrast microscopy or inchanging over from sensitive polarization to simplified polarization microscopy, pull only thefirst order red compensator slider to the first click stop. This puts the polarizer alone in theoptical path. (Figure below - � )

• In changing over from sensitive polarization or differential interference contrast microscopyto brightfield or darkfield microscopy, pull both the first order red compensator slider and thepolarizer slider to the the first click stop. This puts the empty holes of the two sliders in theoptical path. (Figure below - � )

First order red compensator and polarizer in the optical path

Two emptv holes in the optical path

z

0

m ► (")

38

39

7. lVlirror Blocks

One brightfield mirror block (with B.F. indication), one darkfield mirror block (with D.F.

indication) and a group of epi-fluorescence filter blocks (each with B, G, V or similar

indications) are available. The illuminator of this microscope can accommodate two of

these mirror or filter blocks at one time.

• Push in the mirror block changeover lever to put the

mirror block on the right in the optical path. Pull out

the lever to put the mirror block on the left in the

optical path.

• With the front of the microscope facing you, attach the

brightfield mirror block on the right hand half of the

mount inside the mirror block port. Attach the

darkfield mirror block on the left half of the same

mount.

• Never attach the darkfield mirror block on the right

hand half of the mount. If attached there and used, it

may cause malfunction .

....

8. Optical Path Changeovers Levers

Push or pull the three optical path changeover levers (0B/PHOTO•SIDE,OB/PHOTO and

35 mm/LARGE) to divide the total light output as illustrated below.

► .---------------------------------� 1 Push or pull the optical path changeover levers always to the limit. I

�---------------------------------'

Pull out

100% 20%

20% 20%

I 0 " m :rJ )> -I

0 2 0 "TI

m )> () ::c

� :rJ -I

40

41

9. Eyepiece Tube

The right eyepiece sleeve of the binocular eyepiece tube contains a mechanism capable of keeping an eyepiece in it from being rotated during interpupillary distance adjustment. Insert the eyepiece with a built-in mask (with EPM indiGation) into this eyepiece sleeve.

►#

·--------------------------------

• The microscope base and its eyepiece tube have been factory-adjusted :: for joint use. Confirm that'their serial numbers are identical. They are I1 printed on the plaque attached to the back of the microscope base. :�---------------------------------

I 0. Zoom Dial

The zoom dial is used to operate the zoom lens built in the microscope. Zoom magnification ranges from 0.8x to 2x. Tum this zoom dial to set the desired magnification within the above range.

• Intermediate magnification set by the zoom dial iseffective both to microscopic observation andphotomicrography (35 mm film or large formatfilm).

• It is not necessary to adjust the magnifieddimensions of the sample image observed with amicrometer since the intermediate magnification isequally effective to both the micrometer and sampleimage.

• Intermediate magnification is not effective toobservation or photomicrography performed throughthe side port.

• The zoom dial clicks at 0.8x, lx, 1.25x, 1.Sx and 2x.

I I. Focusing DeYice

• The rotation of the coarse focus and fine focus knobs

move the revolving nosepiece vertically. A sample

placed on the stage can be focused by rotating these

focus knobs. Figure right shows the relation between

their rotation and the nosepiece movement.

• One rotation of the fine focus knob moves the

nosepiece 0.1 mm. The minimum reading of the scale

on the fine focus knob moves the nosepiece 1 µm.

• Rotation of the coarse focus torque adjustment ring

adjusts the tension felt in the rotation of the coarse

focus knob. Rotating this adjustment ring counter

clockwise increases this tension.

Coarse focus torque adjustment ring

► ---------------------------------,

Never rotate simultaneously the

right and left focus knobs in

opposite directions. If rotated

this way, they may cause

malfunction.

�---------------------------------

I 0 " m

0

m ► (")

� =l

42

43

12. Rectangular l\fechanical Stage

• This stage has a handle with a universal joint which enables this handle to be angled in all

directions. The operator can therefore angle the handle to positions convenient for him to

move the stage. He also can shift his hand quite easily from the coarse focus and fine

focus knobs to the stage movement knobs and vice versa.

• Two stage rings, each with a central opening, are available for samples of different

dimensions. One is a </J 20 opening, and the other a </J 40 opening.

13. Grain Reticle

• Insert the grain reticle slider into the scale port. Adjust its position in the direction inwhich it slides until the pattern is located in the center of the viewfield.

• Following two reticles are contained in the slider:• Austenite reticle (for measuring the grain size of steel austenite)

Compare the sample with the eight reticle patters numbered G) to ®·

Use the lOx objective to obtain the grain size. When using the 20x objective, read thepattern second to the next high numbered one. When using the 5x objective, read thepattern second to the next low numbered one.

• Grid (for testing non-ferrous inclusion)This grid can be used as a simplified length scale. It has 20 vertical and 20 horizontallines. The spacing between any two vertical or horizontal lines is 0.5 mm on the reticlesurface. This spacing, when viewed through the binocular eyepieces with the 1 Oxobjective in the optical path, represents 0.05 mm on the specimen surface.

► ----------------------------------�: • When inserting the reticle slider into its port, face its side with the :■ indications toward the front of the microscope. ■

: • The.reticle image is not visible through the side port. : I • Reticle patterns may not be clearly visible on a dark background as ■ 1 in the case of darkfield microscopy. 1 I I �----------------------------------

I 0 ""t:J m ::0

� i5

m )> n :i::

::0 -I

44

45

14. l\licrometer Reticle

• The micrometer reticle contains 5 different

micrometers respectively for the Sx, lOx, 20x, 50x

and l00x objectives. Turn the micrometer

changeover dial of the slider to switch to the

micrometer which suits the magnification of the

objective in the optical path.

• Insert the micrometer reticle into the scale port.

Adjust its position in the direction in which it slides

until the micrometer patterns are located to the right

hand side of the viewfield.

• The magnification of the objective corresponding to

the micrometer is indicated on the left side of each

micrometer pattern. Turn the micrometer

changeover dial to switch to the micrometer which

suits the objective in the optical path.

• When the micrometer is to be printed in on a

photograph, adjust the position of the slider in the

direction in which it slides until the micrometer is

located within the viewfinder photomask of the

photomicrographic attachment.

• When using a TV camera, watch the monitor screen

and adjust the position of the slider in the direction in

which it slides until the micrometer is located within

the projected area.

Micrometer changeover dial

Objective's magnification

► #---------------------------------

• When inserting the micrometer reticle into the port, face its side with

the indications toward the front of the microscope.

• The reticle image is not visible through the side port.

• Reticle patterns may not be clearly visible on a dark background as

in the case of darkfield microscopy.

• Do not touch the glass parts of the scale reticle. Do not apply

excessive force to them either. If handled incorrectly, the micrometer

reticle may be damaged.

• Use a blower or a soft brush to remove dust on the glass parts.

�---------------------------------

15. Optical System

• Use CF objectives always in combination with CF eyepieces.

• Nikon's 50x or higher magnification objectives (except ELWD) are equipped with a

safety mechanism. However, the top lens of each of these objectives slightly protrudes

beyond the metal rim around it. Carefully rotate the revolving nosepiece to which these

high magnification objectives have been mounted. Do not hit them against the sample or

the like.

• CF PL projection lenses are designed only for use in photomicrography. Do not use them

as eyepieces.

• Eyepieces tend to collect dirt or dust. Both may appear as shadows or impair image

contrast or resolution. Keep eyepieces always clean.

• Leave the analyzer slider, the polarizer slider and the reticle slider in their respective

ports to prevent dust from attaching to the optical system in the microscope base. (Or use

their dust-tight sliders for the same purpose.)

I 0 " m

� 6

::JJ -t

46

47

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY

I. Film Loading and Unloading

1) Large Format Film

• Attaching the large format film holder

Raise the right end of the focusing panel toinsert the large format film holder to the limit.

2) 35 mm Dark Box

Focusing panel--_J

Use the FX-35DX dark box or the NFX-35 dark box for 35 mm film photomicrography.(1) Film Loading

► ----------------------------------�• Prior to film loading, confirm the following: II I

I • When using FX-35DX dark box: Set the film advance mode switch ■

: on the top panel of the dark box to "A" (AUTO mode). : 1 • When using NFX-35 dark box: Set the mode switch on the bottom I

: panel of the dark box to "B". : �----------------------------------

CD Pull the rewind knob to open the rear cover [I].

CD Load a film cartridge into the dark box. Push back the rewind knob 12l.

G) Align the tip of film leader with the red film tipindex mark of the dark box.

• If the film is pulled longer than necessaryfrom the film cartridge, push it back into thecartridge a bit to re-align the tip of the filmleader with the index mark.

• Confirm that the tip of film leader is not bent.

Film tip index mark-�1..r

Film tip index mark

FX-35DX

CD Check the film position.

• Confirm that the film edges are precisely

between the two film guide rails. Also

confirm that the film perforations mate with

the drive sprockets.

• Adjust the position of the film cartridge to

make its mouth level with the film plane.

® Close the rear cover. Press the rear cover until it clicks.

• The dark box is different from a standard single lens reflex camera. Therefore,

do not tum the film rewind knob of the dark box to take up the film slack before

initial film advance. If you do so, the film tip may shift from the index mark and

affect correct film advance.

® Initially advance the film.

Touch the WIND key of the control box once to automatically advance the film

until the frame counter of the dark box indicates "1 ". This, however, is possible

only when the dark box is connected to the microscope base with the DX cable. If

the DX cable is not connected to the dark box, keep touching the WIND key until

the film counter indicates "1 ".

• The film advance indicator of the dark box rotates while the film is being

advanced correctly. If it does not, re-load the film correctly.

Pc:-::7 �� /

□� ��}

/ Nikon NFx-

�

FX-35DX NFX-35

• Confirm that the film end LED of the control box is not lighting. If this LED is

lighting, touch the WIND key again to complete the initial film advance.

-c ::c

0

s:: i'i :,J 0 G> :,J )>

48

49

(2) Film Rewinding

G) When the film end LED starts blinking, depress (for FX-35DX dark box) or slide

(for NFX-35 dark box) the rewind switch of the dark box [II. It is not necessary to

keep depressing or sliding the switch.

• Do not touch the rewind switch until photomicrography is completed. If

touched, double exposure may result.

0 Raise the rewind crank. Turn the crank in arrow direction to rewind the film �-

• The film advance indicator rotates in reverse direction when the film is being

rewinded.

• The slight tension felt near the film end is the sign that the film is released from

the spool. Turn the crank a little further until the film advance indicator stops

rotating. Now the film is rewound completely.

FX-35DX NFX-35

G) Pull the rewind knob to open the rear cover and unload the film cartridge.

• Unload the film cartridg<None>e in a place with no direct sunlight. Do not leave

the unloaded film cartridge in a bright place. Have it developed as soon as

possible.

• Do not open the dark box until the film has been rewound completely.

© Touch the RST (reset) key of the control box to turn off the film end LED and to

reset the shutter lock.

51

2. Exposure !\lode Table

Epiphot 300 offers various forms of photomicrographic possibilities. Select an appropriate

form that best suits your purpose, the sample's shape or condition. Also refer to "Procedure

for Automatic Exposure Mode Photomicrography" on pages 53 and 54.

�posure mode Procedure ---------- AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE MODE (AUTO EXP) Features • Exposure time is automatically determined.

RST

• ?�s�0i:1ue is automatically set when film with DX code is ; - - - - • Dloaded into the dark box. , I SO • Touch RST (reset) key to cancel multiple exposure mode.- - - ., � _.Setting

• Non-DX mode [Note 1] � - - + \ � \• Touch either of ISO keys to set an arbitrary ISO value. - - - - -' RST • Touch RST key to cancel multiple exposure mode. - - - - - - - � ____ • □

Determination of exposuretime

Display of shutter time

How to cancel

• Exposure time is automatically determined through brightnessmeasurement right before the shutter opens. [If necessary, touch either of EXP.ADJ (exposure adjustment)keys to adjust exposure time]

• Touch EXP (exposure) key. • Then, countdown display of exposure time starts. • The shutter closes at [000.00]. ([000.00] shows the end ofcountdown.)

• Set TIME or MULTIPLE exposure mode to cancel automaticexposure mode. Note 1. The DX mode is not set when: • Film with no DX code is loaded. • No film is loaded into the dark box. • The two DX cables are not connected or incorrectly connected. • While large format photomicrography is being performed. Note 2. Countup display of exposure time starts again from [000.00] after initial countup exceeds [999.99]. Note 3. Touch RST key to cancel multiple exposure mode and to reset automatic exposure mode. This key, when touched during exposure, discontinues exposure and also RSTcancels multiple exposure mode. □

lti3l

TIME lODO.DD•

TIME EXPOSURE MODE

, The shutter is manually operated.

(MANUAL EXP.)

t Touch either of ISO keys to set TIME exposure mode. (Keep on touching the ISO keys till the LED

next to the 'TIME" indication lights up.)

t Since brightness is not measured, exposure

time is not determined. t Touch EXP key twice. The interval between

these two touches will be the exposure time.

t When TIME mode exposure is set, [999.99] is

initially displayed.

t Touch EXP key, and the countup display of exposure time starts from [000.00]. [Note 2] Touch EXP key again to close the shutter.

The countup stops and the exposure time is displayed.

t Touch either of ISO keys to cancel TIME exposure mode.

ISO � ..

I II I

EXP

�

[rr TIME

1 9 9 i 9 9 •1

o a''a. o a,\l ,,...

I le 3. � Ss

I SO � ..

I � I

MULTIPLE EXPOSURE MODE

• Automatic advance of film afterexposure is omitted.

• Touch D. EXP key to set

multiple exposure mode.

D.EXP0

□

• Identical as in the cases of automatic andTIME exposure.

• Identical as in the cases of automatic andTIME exposure modes.

• Touch RST key to cancel

multiple exposure mode.[Notes 3 & 4]

RST

□ �ote 4. Multiple exposure mode can be canceled in the following two ways (to touch RST key before or after making the

last exposure.) The following two example shows how to cancel multiple exposure mode (and to reset automatic exposure mode) after making triple exposure on one frame.

(I) Touch RST key before makingthe final exposure:

(2) Touch RST key after makingthe final exposure:

UEXP

0

□ Sets D. EXP mode.

0.EXP 0

□ Sets D. EXP mode.

EXP EXP

� �First Second exposure. exposure.

EXP EXP

� �First Second exposure. exposure.

RST EXP

�□Resets Third exposure the mode. and automatic

film advance. EXP

RST WINO

�

0

□ □ Third Resets Film exposure. the mode. advance.

I "

J:

0 s: c'i :c 0 G'l :c )> "

J:

52

53

(1) Procedure for Automatic Exposure Mode Photomicrography

G) Tum on the power switch.

® Set ISO value.

�

G) Change over the optical path.

CD Pul filter(s) in the optical path.

'

® Compose the frame.

® Open or stop down down aperture and

field diaphragms

To (J) on page 54

Tum on the power switch of the control box. (See page 56)

• DX mode:If the film loaded is with DX code, its ISO value is automatically set.

• Non-DX mode:Touch either of the ISO keys to set an arbitrary ISO value. (See page 56)

• • .. • • • (See page 58)

. ...... (See page 58)

. ...... (See page 59)

See page 60 on how to adjust these two

diaphragms of the microscope.

D D c:J Manual Confirm Automatic

(j) Focus on the sample. Rotate the fine focus knob of the microscope.

·· · · · (See page 59)

® Set EXP. ADJ (exposure adjustment) value Normally, set this value at "O". If necessary,

····· touch the EXP. ADJ keys to shift the LED in+ or - direction. (See page 57)

® Set lamp intensity.

Check exposure time.

@ Touch the EXP key.

Rotate the lamp intensity control dial of the ·· · · · microscope. (See page 60)

• For the color films adjust the brightness with. . . . . ND filters to set the exposure time within the

specified range. • For B/W films, change lamp intensity to

arbitrarily set the exposure time.

Touch the EXP key of the control box or depress the hand-held switch. (See page 61)

The shutter opens and closes. (Exposure) . . . . . The remaining exposure time is counted down.

Large format film

® Advance film

To©

35 mm film

Film advances one frame

End of film role

..... (See page 61)

(See "Film Rewinding" on page 49)

Film end LED above the WIND key blinks

The shutter locks ..... Touch the RST key to reset the locked shutter.

54

55

(2) Troubleshooting on Photomicrography

CD When the power switch is turned on, the initial exposure time stays at [000.00] on the exposure time display despite changes are made in lamp intensity:

® When the CHECK display LED blinks at ".l-" or "I":

@ When the CHECK display LED blinks at "E" (Error):

CD When the film end LED (above the WIND key) blinks:

® ISO & EXP. ADJ values:

® The ISO or EXP. ADJ values set previously is not indicated on the ISO value or EXP. ADJ value display when the power switch is turned on. Or the lighted LED on the ISO value display shifts to the '.'TIME" position and the lighted LED on the EXP. ADJ display goes out during operation:

(]) When making exposure with the eyes off the binocular eyepieces:

---· (j) Touch the RST key if the film end LED also blinks.

® When the CHECK display LED also blinks at "E" (Error), the shutter is locked because the shutter or built-in prism is in abnormal condition. If this LED does not stop blinking when the RST key is touched, contact your Nikon representative.

---• The shutter is locked because exposure time is under or over the measuring range. Rotate the lamp intensity control dial of the microscope to change the lamp intensity. Or use appropriate ND filters to adjust the brightness for color photomicrography.

---► The shutter is locked because of failure in operation or malfunction. If this LED does not stop blinking when the RST key is touched, contact your Nikon representative.

---• Touch the RST key. Confirm whether or not the DX cables are connected properly when this LED blinks each time the film advances.

---• ISO value and EXP. ADJ values are initialized as follows. • When DX code film is loaded:

ISO value= Value read out from the film.EXP. ADJ value= Value last set.

• When film with no DX code or large formatfilm is loaded:ISO value= Value last set. (The value setbefore the usage of DX code film.)EXP. ADJ value= Value last set.

---• The battery needs to be recharged. Clean its polar plates with a clean, dt1 cloth and recharge it. Tum on the power switch to recharge. It is fully charged in 3 - 4 hours.

---• If possible, perform photomicrography in a semidark room. For long exposure time, before touching the EXP key, put the supplied caps on the binocular eyepieces to prevent light from entering.

® When using the hand-held switch: ---• The EXP key does not work while the hand-held switch is being used.

3. Operational Details

(1) Power Switch

When the power switch is turned on, two LEDs (one

showing the EXP.ADJ value, the other showing the

ISO value) light, the exposure time display shows

an initial value of "000.00", and the battery begins

to be charged. The battery is fully charged in 3 - 4

hours and is effective for about 1,000 hours when

fully charged.

(2) ISO Value

The ISO value is automatically set on the DX

mode*. When performing photomicrography not

on DX mode, touch either of the ISO keys to set the

desired ISO value (between 12 and 3200, or 20000).

The arrow marks above the ISO keys show the

directions in which the lighted LED moves. ( f- :

to the left,➔: to the right.)

1�'.'.'.'. "�

:J 0100.00

Initial display of

I

-- [fi)...... �

1.,. .. ., , ... �·-1 :'" '"" • �'•�a��==I the exposure time Lighted LED

rn c .

rn

Ex.P.40J -2

..• □

;1�- �

"'

□

12 � Ji' !lO '4 llO O'.l llilla'.ll«D!llllllmml2CDll

[t.P .... OJ ISO W/HO RST

i:,�1s0 key� D

[:] EXP.ADJ keys

* The DX mode is the mode that automatically reads out and sets the ISO value from the

DX code printed on the loaded film cartridge. The DX mode display lamp (DX) on the

control box lights when the DX mode is set. The DX mode is not set in the following

situations:

• When film with no DX code is loaded.

• When no film is loaded into the dark box.

• When the two DX cables are not connected or incorrectly connected.

• While large format photomicrography is being performed.

I

56

57

* ISO value display during DX mode

ISO values of DX-coded film can be set at 1/3-stepintervals over the range of ISO 25 to ISO 5000.However, when the ISO value of the film loadeddoes not correspond to any of the values provided onthe ISO value display, two LEDs light to indicate twoISO values before and after the value of the film.(Ex. When the loaded film is ISO 320, ISO 200 andISO 400 are indicated by two lighted LEDs.)

* Exposure adjustment

E.XP.ADJ

-2 -1

TIME- �ISO

0 CHECK

., u..J

12 25 32 50 6-1 eo 100 125 MiO 200 coo flXl l6003D> za:m

• •

Two LEDs indicating ISO 320

Touch either of the EXP.ADJ keys to adjust the exposure time within the range of -2 to+ I in 1/3 step intervals.The arrow marks above the EXP.ADJ keys show the directions in which the lighted LEDmoves. Touch the key beneath ➔ to shift the LED in the + direction to make theexposure time longer. Touch the key below � to shift it in the - direction to make theexposure time shorter.

Ex.: Set the exposure adjustment at "O" when the sample image is uniformly distributed within the photomask. When the target objects within the sample image are darker than the surrounding, shift a lighted LED on the EXP.ADJ value display in the + direction for over-exposure. If the target object is extremely small, and brighter than the surrounding, shift the LED in the -direction for under-exposure. If the exposure time has to be adjusted beyond the rangeof -2 to+ 1 (as in the case of increased sensitivity photomicrography), shift the ISOvalue display. Since ISO values cannot be changed on DX mode, the DX mode must becanceled by attaching cellophane tape on the DX code on the film cartridge.(Cellophane tape is used for insulation. Therefore, any tape of any color can be used.)Then it's possible to shift the lighted LED to set the desired ISO value.

(3) Optical Path Changeover Levers

Push or pull the three optical path changeover levers to divide the light output as

illustrated below.

OB/PHOTO changeover lever

Observation 35 mm/Large Format

Push 100% 0%

Pull 20% 80%

OB/PHOTO· SIDE changeover lever

Observation/ Photo- Side Port

micrography

Push 100% 0%

Pull 20% 80%

�--- 35 mm/LARGE changeover lever

35mm Large

Format

Push 100% 0%

Pull 0% 100%

See also page 40 on how to change over the optical path.

(4) Filters

• Daylight-type color photomicrography

Set the lamp intensity control dial at 9V, and put NCB 11 filter* in the optical path.

Use appropriate ND filters to adjust the brightness.

* The NCBJ I filter is particularly suited for use with standard color film.Since the color reproduction characteristics of each color film slightly differ depending on its

make, combine color compensation (CC) filters with the NCR filter whenever appropriate to

adjust the resulting color reproduction.

• Monochrome film photomicrography

Remove the NCB 11 filter from the optical path. Put the GIF and other filters of

similar nature in the optical path to enhance the contrast.

I

58

59

(5) Photomicrographic Magnification and Frame Composition

Decide the objective and zoom magnification

and roughly focus on the sample. Adjust the

position of the sample or the stage to locate the

sample image within one of the photomasks

which corresponds to the loaded film.

• Magnification on the 35 mm film plane

Objective's magnification x zoom

magnification x2.5

• Magnification on the large format film plane

Objective's magnification x zoom magnification xlO

(6) Focusing

Perform focusing through the eyepiece with a built-in

mask.

G) Check the diopter adjustment of this eyepiece.

(See page 15 on diopter adjustment.)

CD Rotate the coarse focus and fine focus knobs of

the microscope to focus on the sample.

According to the magnification of the objectives,

focus on the sample as described below.

• High magnification objectives (50x or higher)

Eyepiece photomask

8 cm x 11 cm

4"x5"

'---- -----,,�-center of 8 cm x 11 cm format

Diagonal double crosshairs built in the eyepiece

Bring the double crosshairs into focus. With the crosshairs in focus, slowly rotate the

fine focus knob of the microscope to focus on the sample image. Keep rotating the

focus knob until both the sample image and crosshairs come into focus together.

• Intermediate magnification objective (lOx or 20x)

Focus on the double crosshairs and the sample image in the same manner as in the

case of a high magnification objective. Then, turn your face slightly to right and left

to see the relative positions of the crosshairs and the specimen image from different

angles. Rotate the fine focus knob until their relative position becomes stable

(utilization of parallax).

• Low magnification objectives (5x or below)

Mount a focusing magnifier to the eyepiece with a

built-in mask. View the cross-hairs through the

focusing magnifier. While so doing, move the

magnifier back or forth to bring the crosshairs into

focus. With the crosshairs in focus, rotate the fine

focus knob until both the sample image and

crosshairs come into focus together.

Focusing magnifier

Eyepiece with a built-in mask

(7) Field and Aperture Diaphragms

• For brightfield photomicrography

Stop down the field diaphragm until its image is slightly larger than the diagonaldimensions of the film format to restrict excessive light which may cause a flare.Stopping down or opening the aperture diaphragm changes depth of focus, contrastand resolution. Adjust this diaphragm in accordance with the sample.Generally, it is appropriate to stop down the field diaphragm to the range of 70 to 80%of the numerical aperture of the objective in the optical path.

• For darkfield photomicrography

Fully open the aperture diaphragm.

(8) Voltage

Since the color temperatures of a light source vary with lamp voltages, the results of

Film Voltage Filter

Color film I Daylight-type film 9V NCB11

8/Wfilm 6V or above (GIF)

color photomicrography depend considerably on how to set appropriate voltages. The table below shows common combination of lamp voltages and the filters.

(9) Exposure Time

The exposure time should be set between 1/4 and 1/15 of a second.

* How to set exposure time.

Exposure time is displayed within the range of0.01 to 999.99 seconds (1/100 of a second toapproximately 16 minutes) according to themeasured brightness of the sample. The displayof the exposure time changes by the reflectanceof a sample, ISO value setting and the aperturediaphragm setting. If the exposure time to beset is outside the above range, "J.." (over-exposure) or "I" (under-exposure) on theCHECK display is indicated by the lightedLED, and the shutter is locked.

• For color photomicrography

Under-exposure Over-exposure

CHECK

•1 E ♦ ♦

:ghted LED, 160 200 olOO BOO 161113'1111 Mill

Adjust the brightness with ND filters to change the exposure time. (Do not raise orlower the lamp voltage to adjust the exposure time.)

• For B/W photomicrography

Change the lamp voltage or use ND filters to adjust the exposure time.

-c :c 0 -t 0 s:fi :c 0 G) :c ► -c :c -<

60

61

(10) EXP (exposure) Key

Touch the EXP key or depress the hand-held switch

connected to the rear of the control box to make

exposure (release the shutter). If the film loaded is

35 mm film, it is automatically advanced for one

frame after the exposure, and the shutter is charged.

The LED on the EXP key is lighted while the shutter

is open. The EXP key does not function while the

hand-held switch is being used.

(11) RST (reset) Key

--�·�-

' """ [tj ED on the

EXP key

EXP key

Touch this key to discontinue the exposure in progress in case of emergency or to reset

the multiple exposure mode. Also touch this key when the exposure time display fails

to indicate "000.00" the moment the power switch is turned on, or when an LED blinks

to indicate "E" (error) on the CHECK display. If "000.00" still fails to appear or if the

LED indicating "E" does not go out, contact your Nikon representative.

(12) Film Advance

• 35 mm dark box

Both the FX-35DX and NFX-35 dark boxes automatically advance the film one

frame after each exposure, charging the shutter.

• Large format (4" x 5") film holder

Since this holder has no automatic film advance function, manually advance the film

one frame after each exposure.

(13)Data Mask IN/OUT Lever of NFX-35 Dark Box

This IN/OUT lever is used when an optional

data back is attached to the dark box instead of

its rear cover to print data directly on the film.

Since the area of the film right beneath the

data mask is darker than the rest of the film

surface, data can be printed clearly on this

area. Put the data mask in for a sample with

bright background. You may not need to put it

in for a sample with dark background.

t>

;-D ata mas k

"

Data mask is in the film frame

(Inside the rearcover of the dark box.)

► # ________________________________ _

I When the optional data back is not used, keep the IN/OUT lever always : : turned to "OUT" to perform photomicrography without the data I

I 1 mask. 1�---------------------------------

Refer to the instruction manual of your data back on how to operate it or how to attach it to

a dark box.

4. Dealing with Vibration

Install the microscope on a robust, vibration-resistant desk or on a vibration-resistant

mount.

I ,, ::c

s: n :c 0 G) :c ► ,, ::c -<

62

63

TROUBLESHOOTING TABLE

Inappropriate use of the microscope may render its functions ineffective. Should any of the

following symptoms arise, recheck the use, referring to the tables below.

1. Optical

Symptoms Causes Actions to take

• 12V-50W lamp not correctly centered. Center it correctly (P. 18)

• Optical path changeover levers in intermediate Move them to the limit. position. (P. 40)

• Revolving nosepiece not in click stop position Rotate it to click stop. (Objective not in optical path). (Put it in optical path.)

• Polarizer or first order red compensator in Move the polarizer or first intermediate position (not in click stop order red compensator to position). the correct position.

(P. 37, 38)

Viewfield • Anti-glare ND8 filter or analyzer in intermediate Move to the limit vignetting, position. (p. 34, 38) unevenly bright

• Micrometer reticle or grain reticle in Move to the correct viewfield or viewfield not intermediate position. position. (P. 44, 45) visible.

• Field diaphragm stopped down more than Open it properly. (P. 36) necessary.

• Dirt or dust on lenses (objectives or eyepieces) Clean them. or on specimen.

• Revolving nosepiece not correctly mounted. Remount it correctly (P. 6)

• Mirror block in intermediate position. Remount it correctly (P. 8)

• Filters or lamp not correctly mounted. Remount filters or lamp correctly.(P. 5, 26)


Dirt or dust visible • Dirt or dust on micrometer reticle or grain Clean them.

in viewfield. reticle.

• Dirt or dust on specimen. Clean it.


Image not sharply • Incorrect illumination. Use illumination

visible {poor correctly.

contrast, or low • Dirt or dust on lens right beneath the bottom of Clean them. resolution). intermediate eyepiece tube or on upper part of

intermediate eyepiece tube.

• Dirt or dust on entrance lens of eyepiece tube. Clean it.

Image quality • Aperture diaphragm stopped down more than Open it properly. (P. 35) deteriorated. necessary.

--- --------- --- -- -- - ---� -----

Symptoms Causes

• Specimen surface to be observed not totally attached to stage surface.

• Stage ring not correctly fitted to stage surface.

• Stage not correctly mounted.

Partially focused image.

• Revolving nosepiece not in click stop position.

• Revolving nosepiece incorrectly mounted. Nosepiece clamp not tight.

• Objectives not correcly mounted.

• Revolving nosepiece not correctly mounted. Nosepiece clamp not tight.

Image shifts during focusing. • Objectives not correctly mounted.

• Optical path changeover lever in intermediate position.

• NCB 11 filter not used.

Yellowish image. • Lamp voltage too low.

• ND filters not used.

Viewfield too • Lamp voltage too high.bright.

• Lamp voltage too low.

lnadequete • Aperture diaphragm stopped down more than

brightness. necessary.

• Optical changeover levers are not operated toprovide 100% light output for eyepieces. (Lightoutput is set to the side port or to the 35mm/large format.)

Actions

Fix specimen so that its surface totally attaches the stage surface.

Refit it to stage correctly.

Remount it correctly. (P. 6)

Rotate it to click stop.

Remount nosepiece to the limit and clamp it firmly. (P. 6)

Screw them in to the limit.

Remount the nosepiece to the limit and clamp it. (P. 6)

Screw them in to the limit.

Move it to the limit. (P. 40)

Use NCB11 filter. (P. 25)

Rotate light intensity control dial to raise voltage.

Use ND filters. (P. 26)

Rotate light intensity control dial to reduce voltage.

Rotate light intesity control dial to raise voltage.

Open it properly. (P. 35)

Operate the lever to provide eyepieces with 100% light output. (p. 40) -I

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2. Operational

Symptoms Causes Actions

High magnification objectives touch the sample when

• Eyepiece diopter not correctly adjusted. Adjust eyepiece diopter switched from low correctly. (P. 15) magnification objectives.

Parfocality decreases when • Eyepiece diopter not correctly adjusted. Adjust eyepiece diopter switched to other correctly. (P. 15) objectives.

Image movement not smooth when

• Top of objective in contact with stage ring. Change sample and

the sample is stage position. moved.

Binocular images • lnterpulillary distance not correctly adjusted. Adjust it correctly. not coincidnet. (P. 17)

Excessive eye • Diopter difference not correctly adjusted.

Adjust it correctly. (P. 15)

fatigue during observation.

• Brightness not optimal. Use ND filters or change lamp voltage.

65

3. Electrical

Symptoms Causes

• No electricity.

• Lamphouse cable not connected to powerLamp does not supply unit.light though power switch is turned on.

• Lamp not mounted.

• Lamp blown.

• Specified lamp not used.

Lamp blows easily.

Insufficient • Specified lamp not used.

brightness.

Lamp intensity • Lamp intensity control dial on power supply

control dial on unit not rotated to "CTRL".

microscope base • Ex-control cable not connected to power supplydoesn't function.

unit.

• Lamp is about to blow.

Lamp flickering or • Cables not firmly plugged into connectors.unstable lamp intensity.

• Lamp not inserted into socket firmly.

Actions

Connect power cable to AC IN line receptacle.

Connect it to the power supply unit. {P. 8)

Mount one. (P. 5, 6)

Replace the lamp. (P. 5, 6)

Use specifield lamp. (See 'Electrical Specifications' on page 72).

Use specified lamp. (See 'Electrical Specifications' on page 72).

Rotate dial to "CTRL". (P. 15)

Connect it. (P. 8)

Replace lamp. (P. 5, 6)

Plug them firmly into connectors.

Insert lamp into socket to the limit. (P. 5, 6)

66

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4. Photomicrographic

Symptoms Causes Actions

• Inappropriate • Look into the eyepiece with the photomask and rotatefocusing. diopter correction ring to focus on double crosshairs.

Turn your face slightly to right and left to see relativepositions of crosshairs and specimen image from different angles. Rotate fine focus knob until therelative position becomes stable (utilization ofparallax).

• Use focusing magnifier for low magnification objective. (P. 59)

• Focus shifts especially • Install microscope on vibration-resistant mount or

Image not when using high robustly-built desk to eliminate external vibration. magnification • Operate microscope in a place free from vibration,

sharp. objective for long such as caused by other persons. exposure time.

• Influence of • Use ND and other similar filters to extend exposureinstantaneus vibration. time (between 1/4 and 1/15 second for color film).

• Reduce lamp voltage to extend exposure time for monochrome film. Note that film's spectral characteristics slightly vary with reduced colortemperatures.

• Cover glass attached • Do not use cover glass.to the sample.

• Grease, dust, dirt or • Clean top of objective, uppermost part of eyepiece,finger-prints on optical specimen, projection lens or the like. Pay

Image blurs. system. uninterrupted attention to cleaning and custody ofoptical system. When not in use, put cover onmicroscope.

• Adjustment of • Readjust it correctly. (P. 18~22) illumination system • Immediately replace old, blackend lamp. (P. 5, 6) incomplete.

Photo taken Photomicrography ismore affected by

uneven. incompleteillumination systemthan microscopicobservation is.

• Aperture diaphragm • Stop down diaphragm to 70 ~ 80% of objective'sopened too wide. numerical aperture to obtain good photomicrographic

results. (P. 35)

• Use of filters • Use GIF filter to enhance contrast on monochromeinappropriate. film.

Contrast not • Use of field diaphragm • Stop down diaphragm slightly larger than diagonal

inappropriate. dimensions of film format. (P. 60)sufficient.

• Specimen with little or • Change over to darkfield or differential interferenceno contrast. contrast microscopy to optically give contrast to

specimen. (P. 27~30)

• Use fine particle, high contrast B&W film (such as Mini Copy Film) for the specimen with little contrast.

• Use high latitude, fine particle film (such as Neopan F)for normal specimens.

67

Symptoms Causes

Dust • Dust on large format imprinted mirror. on large format film.

• Numerical aperture too low.

Insufficient resolution.

• Photo enlarged excessively.

• Light enters through

Ghost or binocular eyepieces.

flare. • Stray light enters.

• Use of filters inappropriate.

• Inappropriate film used (its emulsion alsoinappropriate).

Unable to perform good color • Light source voltage photo- not as specified. micrograpy.

• Inadequate exposure time (failure in filmreciprocy).

• Influence of developing process.

Control box doesn't

• Fuse blown.

work even though its

• No electricity. power is turned on.

Control box • Specified fuse not

fuse easily blows.

used.

Actions

• Vacuum in the dusts using supplied plate and vacuum cleaner. (P. 70, 71)

• Use objective with high numerical aperture. • To obtain identical total magnification, use of higher

magnification objective gives higher resolution and contrast to the image.

• Upper limit of effective total magnification is between 500 and 1000 times of objective's numerical aperture. Photograph blurs if taken beyond this range.

• Darken surrounding environment or cover eyepieces with caps.

• Do not expose microscope or sample to hazardous, strong light such as direct sunlight.

• Use NCB11 filter. (P. 56)

• Spectral sensitivity of daylight-type film differs considerably from type to type or from manufacturer to manufacturer.

• Varieties of film of identical brand often exhibit different color development due to difference in emulsion used. Note emulsion number of each film forsuch difference.

• Perform photomicrography at specified voltage. (P. 60)

• Color development is adversely affected by inadequate exposure time as it causes failure in film reciprocy. Use an exposure time display meter and ND filters toadjust exposure time which suits film characteristics. Or use color compensation filters to compensate for film reciprocy failure. (Refer to Data Sheet on the film.)

• It is a good idea to consult with developing house about film characteristics when preparing color prints.

• Replace fuse.

• Connect power cable to AC IN line receptable.

• Use 1N250 V fuse.

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69

Symptoms

Film doesn't advance.

Successive double exposure.

Film doesn't advance. Double exposure. (FX-35DX)

35 mm film corners vignetted. (NFX-35)

Causes

• Electrical contact points dirty.

• Electrical contactpoints dirty.

• DX cables notconnected.

• Film advance mode switch not properly set.

Actions

• Clean the contact points of the dark box and its attaching mount on the microscope with a clean, softcloth or a tissue paper lightly moistened with alcohol.

• Connect the DX cable from the microscope base to thecontrol box. Connect the other DX cable from themicroscope base to the dark box.(P. 9, 10)

• Set the switch properly. (P. 10)

• Data mask in the dark • Turn the data mask IN/OUT lever tobox partially intercepts "OUT"optical path.

Note: Also refer to "Troubleshooting on Photomicrography." (P. 55)

CARE AND MAINTENANCE

1. Lens Cleaning• Use a soft brush to brush off dust on the lenses. Or use a piece of gauze to wipe off

such dust.

• Use the following to wipe off fingerprints, greasy or oily dirt attached to the lenses:

A soft, clean cotton cloth, a lens tissue or a piece of gauze all of them slightly

moistened with absolute alcohol such as ethyl or methyl alcohol.

• Use petroleum benzine alone to clean immersion oil off the lenses.

• Never use petroleum benzine to clean the eyepiece tube entrance lens.

* Absolute alcohol and petroleum benzine are highly inflammable. Never use them

near the fire. Pay close attention to their handling when turning on or turning off

power switches or when handling other similar devices to prevent absolute

alcohol or benzine from catching fire.

2. Cleaning the Large Format Mirror• If dust on the large format mirror is imprinted on a photomicrograph, clean the

mirror as described below.

( 1) Detach the focusing panel

Push the two protrusions of the 4" x 5" film

adapter simultaneously [I]. While so doing,

slide the adapter to the right � to detach it � -

(2) Blow the dust inside.

Use a blower to blow the dust.

(3) Vacuum the dust.

Apply the supplied plate to the square

opening. Place the nozzle of a vacuum

cleaner onto the hole in this plate to vacuum

in the dust.

70

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71

( 4) Re-attach the focusing panel

►

Fit the focusing panel to the square opening

with 1 cm shift to the right side [I]. Slide

the focusing panel to the left to re-attach it

[2].

#---------------------------------1 Do not touch the surface of the large format mirror. Do not wipe it :: either. If touched or wiped, the large format mirror may be scratched I1 or contaminated. :'---------------------------------

3. Cleaning Painted Surfaces or Plastic Parts of the Microscope• Do not use organic solvents (such as alcohol, ether, thinner and the like) to clean the

painted surfaces, plastic or printed parts of the microscope. It is advisable to use a

silicon cloth to clean these surfaces or parts.

4. Custody of the Microscope, Eyepieces and Objectives• Keep the microscope in custody in a dry place where mold will not be formed

easily.

• Keep the objectives and eyepieces in a container (such as a desiccator) with a

desiccant in it.

• When keeping the microscope in custody, put a vinyl cover on it to prevent dust.

5. Periodic Inspection• It is advisable to periodically check up the microscope to best maintain its

performance. Contact your nearest Nikon representative for more details about it.

ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS

■ EPIPHOT 300

Input ratings 12V DC, 8.5A

Rated current 3A

Halogen lamp •12V-100W Halogen light source

Lamp rating: 12V-100W LONGLLIFE Lamp type: OSRAM HLX64623 or PHILIPS 7724 Lamphouse adapter: 12V-100W lamphouse adapter for

X100S Lamphouse: 12V-100W lamphouse 2 with

precentered socket

•12V-50W Halogen light source

Lamp rating: 12V-50W Lamp type: OSRAM HLX64610 or PHILIPS 7027 Lamphouse adapter: 12V-50W lamphouse adapter for

U-epi 10Lamphouse: 12-50W lamphouse for U-epi 10

Operating environment Ambient temperature: 0°C to 40°C Relative humidity: 85% max.

■ PSM-1120 (Power Supply Unit for 100-120V Input Voltage)

Input ratings 100-120V ~, 3A, 50/60Hz

Output ratings 12V DC, 100W

Protection class Class I

Conforming standards This product conforms to UL 1262.

Power supply cord Use only the following cord set. instruction UL Listed, detachable cord set. 3-conductor grounding type

SVT, No. 18 AWG rated a minimum 125V, 7A

■ PSM-2120 (Power Supply Unit for 220-240V Input Voltage)

Input ratings 220-240V ~, 2A, 50/60Hz

Output ratings 12V DC, 100W

Protection class Class I

Conforming standards This product conforms to EN60950 and DIN VDE 0411.

Power supply cord Use only approved 3-pole power supply cord type instruction H05VV-F or H0VVH2-F, min. 0.75mm2

Class I equipment should be connected to PE (protective earth) terminal. In case of using the extension cord, use only the power supply cord included PE wire.

72

■ CONTROL BOX

Input ratings 100-120V ~, 50/60Hz, or220-240V ~, 50/60 Hz, switchable

Fuse 1A/250V

Battery Ni-Cd battery 3.6V 50 mAH

Operating environment Ambient temperature: 0°c to 40°C Relative humidity: 85% max.

73

Nikon reserves the right to make such altera

tions in design as may be considered necessary

in the light of experience. For this reason,

particulars and illustrations in this handbook may

not conform in every detail to models in current

production.

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