Epidemiological Transition Models Population Control
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Transcript of Epidemiological Transition Models Population Control
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Epidemiological Transition Models Population Control
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Epidemiological Transition Model
• ETM-shows distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition model
• Stage 1– Epidemics/Pandemics: Infectious and parasitic
diseases, famine– Ex: Black Plague (25 million Europeans died)
• Stage 2– Receding epidemic (affects high proportion of
population, but in isolation)– Ex: Cholera (contaminated water supply)
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Epidemiological Transition Model
• Stage 3– Degenerative and human-created disease– Ex: Cardiovascular disease and Cancer
• Stage 4– Delayed degenerative diseases– Ex: Alzheimer's, Diabetes
• Stage 5?– Reemerging infectious and parasitic disease– Ex: Malaria, TB, AIDS
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AIDS/HIV+• 2010 world distribution:
– 23 million in Sub-Saharan Africa– 5+ million in Asia (India, China, SE Asia)– 2 million in Latin America (Caribbean-Haiti)
• Sub-Saharan Africa– 70% of HIV cases– Zimbabwe, Botswana, Zambia, South Africa,
Kenya– Increase death rates– Declining life expectancy
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How do Governments Affect Population Change?
• Many governments institute policies designed to influence the overall
growth rate or ethnic ratios within the population.These policies fall into three groups: 1. Expansive2. Eugenic3. Restrictive
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Expansive Population Policies
• Encourage families to have more children• Communist Societies
– Soviet Union– China – Mao Zedong
• European countries: NOW– Tax incentives– Sweden
• Cash payments, tax incentives, job leave, work hour flexibility lasting up to 8 years after birth
• Short baby boom, but led to issues
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Eugenic Population Policies
• Favoring one racial or cultural sector of the population over the others– Tax discrimination, allocation of resources,
favoritism• Examples
– Nazi Germany– Japan?– USA?
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Restrictive Population Policies• Reducing the rate of natural increase
through a range of means– China: “One-child” policy: Income bonuses, Better
health care benefits, Better retirement pensions, Priority in housing
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Solutions to Population Growth• Empowerment of Women
– $ for contraception & education– Changing cultural norms to value girls
• Diffusion of Birth Control Policies– Educating men w/ responsibility for birth control– Sterilization
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Solutions to Population Growth
• Redistribution of wealth - improve standard of living for poor so that children aren’t as necessary– Improving farming techniques in poor
areas– Starvation, Malnourishment
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Solutions to Population Growth
• Medical technology – costs of maintaining vulnerable populations (old & young)
• Addressing government policies to deal with their growing populations
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Something to think about…
• Is population control funded by MDCs ethical in LDCs?– Population control v. culture– Birth control? – Sterilization?– Abortion?– Sex determination?– Incentives: Money, food, clothing?
• Is population control funded by MDCs needed to keep mass amounts of people in the LDCs out of poverty?