Faisal Saleh Aidrous Abdulla Al Wahedi

(ADMA-OPCO)

Zin Eddine Dadach

(Higher Colleges of Technology)

I. Consequences of CO2 Emissions

II. CO2 emissions in UAE

III. Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)

IV. CO2-Capture Technologies

V. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

VI. Conclusion

90.00

207.73

125.55

208.94

118.76 171.97

34.37 24.76 24.03 42.77

189.90

1264.81

160.36

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

1400.00

C0

2 E

mis

sio

ns (

Millio

n M

etr

ic T

on

s)

CO2 Emissions from the Consumption of Natural

Gas (Million Metric Tons) in 2010 by EIA

0%

50%

100%

Millon tonnes of

CO2 in 2011

39

122.1

4.9

Coal & Peat

Natural Gas

Oil0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

ton

ne

s C

O2

/ C

ap

ita

Year

CO2 Emissions / Capita

UAE

Qatar

KSA

USA

CANADA

CHINA

Total CO2 emissions in

UAE 2011 is 169.5 million

tons of CO2

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a strategy to reduce CO2 emissions.

STEP I Capturing and concentrating CO2 (from 10-15 % to 95%) from industrial sources such as fossil fuel power plants.

STEP II In the UAE, CO2 will be stored in Oil and Gas fields.

By 2050, global population will rise from

7 to 9 billion people

World energy demand is expected to

increase by 50% over the next 20 years

Fossil fuels

(coal, gas and oil)

represent 80%

of the global energy mix

Renewables

only account for 13%

of our total energy supply

9 Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics, 2009

Fossil Fuels

81.1% Renewables

13%

Nuclear

5.9%

World total primary energy

supply (2007) Today

Renewables

could make up 30%

of the global energy mix*

10

30%

Estimated share of renewable energies by 2030

But fossil fuels will remain

our main source of energy

for decades to come

By 2030

*Average taken across multiple estimates: IEA WEO 2008;

European Commission baseline scenario; German Ministry of Environment, EUROPROG

11

… as energy consumption continues to rise

12

CCS alone will provide up to 20% of

the CO2 emission reductions we need

to make by 2050.

Here’s how it works...

14

We can capture

at least 90% of

emissions from

fixed emitters

We have been

transporting CO2

for decades

CO2 can be stored safely and

permanently using natural

trapping mechanisms

15

The liquid CO2 is pumped deep

underground into one of two types of

CO2 storage reservoir (porous rock)

Cap rock

Cap rock

Deep saline aquifer 700m - 3,000m

up to 5,000m

Depleted oil and gas fields

Pre-combustion:

Where CO2 is captured before fuel is burned

Oxy-fuel:

Where CO2 is captured during fuel combustion

Post-combustion:

Where CO2 is captured after fuel has been burned (This technology can also be retrofitted to existing power and industrial plants)

There are 3 technologies to capture CO2 :

16

The only immediately realizable and

mature CO2 capture technology is the

post combustion chemical absorption

using amine mixture.

Inconvenient: 80% of the cost of CCS

is due to high energy consumption in

actual technology.

Post Combustion by absorption: Adding Ionic Liquids To amine mixture

An aqueous amine solution mixed with ionic liquid was proposed and the results are the following:-

The energy consumption of the mixed ionic liquid solution for absorbent regeneration was 37.2% lower than that of aqueous MEA solution.

Ref.

Publication Date: January 28, 2014

Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society

CO2 Storage

CO2 is injected at a depth into deep underground

rock formations where it is permanently stored.

CO2-EOR

In the UAE, CO2 will be stored in the large oil

fields and the use of CO2-EOR technique will

also enhance the production of crude oil.

Primary Recovery Technique: During the primary recovery stage, reservoir drive comes from a number of natural mechanisms (ex: natural water displacing oil downward into the well). Recovery factor in the range 5-15% of OOIP (Originally Oil In Place).

Secondary Recovery Technique: Use artificial pressure to increase the reservoir's pressure using water injection, natural gas reinjection and gas lift, which injects air, carbon dioxide. The recovery factor for this kind of operations ranges from 35 to 45% of OOIP, depending on oil and reservoir characteristics.

Tertiary Recovery Technique called EOR : Increase the mobility of the oil by decreasing crude oil viscosity in order to increase extraction. The most common techniques are Thermally enhanced oil recovery methods (TEOR) and CO2 injection. Tertiary recovery allows another 5% to 15% of the reservoir's oil to be recovered.

At pressures above the Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP),

flooding will be miscible and CO2 forms a single phase

solution with the hydrocarbon reservoir.

Miscible CO2 flooding: Best for increasing oil production which

could be used to invest in CCS projects but some concerns

about asphaltene precipitation and well plugging.

When the pressure is below the Minimum Miscible Pressure

(MMP), CO2 does not form a single phase solution with the

hydrocarbons in the reservoir

Immiscible CO2 flooding : Best for CO2 storage

Best for Oil

recovery

[Miscible flooding]

Best for CO2 sequestration

[Immiscible flood]

It is crucial to optimize

between CO2 storage

and enhanced oil

recovery by defining the

minimum acceptable

amount of CO2 to be

stored every year.

One of the largest EOR projects worldwide using

anthropogenic CO2 is the Weyburn project in

Canada,

The CO2 required for EOR is produced at Dakota

Gasification Company’s synthetic fuel plant in

Beulah, North Dakota, USA

The project is expected to produce 122 million

bbls of incremental oil, extending the field life by

20-25 years and increasing the oil recovery to

34% of OOIP ( Original Oil In Place).

• Fuel Gas as combustible

Power Plants

• Capture: Post combustion absorption by Ionic Liquids

CO2 Capture

• A combined process of reciprocation compressors with inter-cooling, liquefaction and pumping with a diaphragm pump could offer a higher overall efficiency.

CO2

Compression &

Transport

CO2 Storage by EOR

New Generation + Second Generation miscible CO2-

EOR techniques optimize both oil production and CO2

storage

I. Kyoto protocol respected

II. Reduction in CO2 emissions in the UAE

III. CO2-EOR strategy has the potential to add

Billions AED per year to the economy of the UAE.

IV. Valuable fuel gases used for EOR will be

preserved

QUESTIONS?