Enzymes. Learning Target: 1. Recognize enzymes as catalysts: a. Protein molecules that function to...
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Transcript of Enzymes. Learning Target: 1. Recognize enzymes as catalysts: a. Protein molecules that function to...
![Page 1: Enzymes. Learning Target: 1. Recognize enzymes as catalysts: a. Protein molecules that function to lower activation energy (increase rate of a reaction)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e585503460f94b51a78/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Enzymes
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Enzymes Learning Target:
1. Recognize enzymes as catalysts:a. Protein molecules that function to lower
activation energy (increase rate of a reaction)
b. Reusable and specific in function
c. Altered by high temperature, pH, and metals (lead, mercury)
2. Recognize how the enzyme-substrate complex model demonstrates the function of enzymes.
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Enzymes Objectives continued:3. Recognize a reason why an enzymes
ability to lower activation energy would be beneficial to a living organism
4. Be able to collect, graph, and analyze data relating to enzymes reactions.
5. Explain catalase enzyme action based on the class demo.
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Enzymes
A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
Biological Catalyst
Recall:Inorganic Chemistry
Reactants Catalyst→ ProductsOrganic Chemistry
Substrate Enzyme→ Products
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Enzymes activation energy
Energy needed to start a reaction
Enzymes lower the amount of activation energy needed to start a reaction
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Enzyme Functions Involved in nearly all metabolic processes.
Speeds up the reactions in digestion of food synthesis of molecules - storage of energy release of energy (aids in breaking molecules into
monomers) Used in transmission of nerve impulses muscle contraction cellular energy
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Enzyme Characteristics
Remains unchanged in a reaction Never used up Each enzyme has a specific job
Ex. Amylase – starch enzyme Lactase – lactose enzyme Catalase – hydrogen peroxide enzyme(byproduct
of cell metabolism-poisonous if can’t break down) Sucrase – sucrose enzyme
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Enzymes Terms: Substrate – The molecule(s)
that the enzyme acts upon Active Site – the location on
the enzyme where the substrate binds
Theories: Lock and Key theory- specific fit
between the substrate and enzyme
Induced Fit Model- enzyme changes shape a little to fit with the substrate “molds to fit”
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Enzymes
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Enzymes Coenzyme – a helper, such as vitamins Inhibitor – molecule that blocks or
changes the active site so the substrate cannot bind (2 Types)
Reversible:
Competitive Inhibitors – attaches to active site … competes with substrate for site
1. inhibitor is chemically similar to the substrate
2. Temporary attachment (doesn’t alter active site)
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Non-Competitive Inhibitors – binds with the enzyme at a location
other than the active site, altering the shape of the active site
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Enzymes
Types of Inhibitors continued Irreversible
Permanently inactivates the enzyme Ex. Poison, exposure to heavy metals such as
mercury and lead
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Denaturation – active site of the enzyme is altered,
Causes: temperature, heavy metals, pH
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Enzyme review and Negative Feedback
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Factors that affect Enzyme Activity pH Temperature Concentration of an enzyme Concentration of substrate Amount of surface area
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Enzyme Use Examples: Cheese makers use RENIN (enzyme) to
curdle milk Some laundry detergents contain enzymes
to get rid of soiled spots on clothing Contact Cleaner