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Enzymes

http://www.brainpop.com/health/nutrition/metabolism/

• VOCAB!

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What Are Enzymes?• Most enzymes

are Proteins (Different shapes and sizes)

• Act as Catalyst to accelerates a reaction

• Not permanently changed in the process

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Enzymes• Are specific

for what they will catalyze

• Are Reusable• End in –ase

-Sucrase-Lactase-Maltase

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How do enzymes Work?Enzymes work by weakening bonds which lowers activation energy

Chemical Rxn’s will always EVENTUALLY happen…that do enzymes do?

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Enzymes

FreeEnergy

Progress of the reaction

Reactants

Products

Free energy of activation

Without EnzymeWith Enzyme

• Chemical Rxn’s need energy to occur

• Catalyst lowers amt needed

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Enzyme-Substrate ComplexThe substance

(reactant) an enzyme acts on is the substrate

EnzymeSubstrate Joins

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Active Site• A restricted region of an enzyme

molecule which binds to the substrate.

EnzymeSubstrate

Active Site

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Induced Fit• A change in the shape of an enzyme’s active site

• Induced by the substrate

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Induced Fit• A change in the configuration of

an enzyme’s active site.• Induced by the substrate.

Enzyme

Active Sitesubstrate

induced fit

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Enzymes are Exteremly pickyEnzyme’s are like students (very

picky)

They may not work in certain conditions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--

CtA-2SO7U

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pH on certain mammalian enzymes

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InhibitorsInhibitors:causes the enzyme to change its

shape, which in turn alters the active site.

Enzymeactive site altered

NoncompetitiveInhibitorSubstrate

Summation: Enzymes

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• Mostly Proteins• Catalyze reactions lower activation

energy• Shape specific • No consumed in reactions

Are very specific… Pain in the tush molecules

• Temperature specific• pH specific

Also, They work better at different conditions.

What if you want to break milk down in you stomach faster, what could you do?

Homework• Go to http://www.radiolab.org/2012/apr/02/holey-cow/

– Or just google the following “Holey cow, RadioLab”

– Listen to the 15min radioshow on your computer or ipod.

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Few notes:

Fistulaed cows

Digestive tracts is a tube

Questions to Answer!• 1) Give me feedback! What is your response to the radio show? Liked it?

Boring? Explain? I would like to know.

• 2) What did Beaumont first observe from the man who was shot? And why was this significant?

• 3) Beaumont unknowingly removed enzymes from St. Martin. What did he find?

• 4) How does this radio show connect to our class topic?

• 4) How would you feel if Alexis St. Martin was your brother, how would you feel about people examining them the way Beaumont did? Consider the fact that this helped global technology and science studies and possibly influenced how we learn today.

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If I don’t see you tomorrow, this HW is due by EMAIL! (kevinsparaco@gmail.com) by 6pm Wednesday