Environmental - VIVES Azulejos y Gres · 2016-06-23 · Designation Code: GlobalEPD 002-037 rev. 1...

Designation Code: GlobalEPD 002-037 rev. 1Date of first issue: 21/12/2015Date of this issue: 19/02/2016Expiry date: 20/12/2020

www.aenor.es

EN ISO 14025:2010 EN 15804:2012

Environmental product declarationCeramic tiles, porcelain tiles (BIa clasification according to EN 14411:2013)

GlobalEPD 002-037 rev. 1

2Environmental Product Declaration

CONTENTS

1 General information

2 Product

3 Life cycle assessment

4 Verification



1.1. Identification and description of the organisations carrying out the declaration

Declaration made by: Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica – (ITC-AICE) Cyclus Vitae Solutions S.L.

Life Cycle Assessment made by: Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica – (ITC-AICE).

Report reference C153965, 30 of November 2015.

Commissioned by:VIVES AZULEJOS Y GRES, S.A.Ctra. Castellón km 23. P.O. Box 14. 12110 Alcora, Castellón. Spain.

1 General information

1.2. Identification of the product This environmental product declaration

describes the environmental information based on a life cycle assessment of ceramic tiles manufactured by VIVES AZULEJOS Y GRES, S.A. considering the geographical and technical coverage of Spain during 2014.

The ceramic tiles included in the study belong to the BIa water absorption group according to UNE-EN 14411:2013 (equivalent to ISO 13006:2012); i.e. they have a water absorption ≤ 0,5% (porcelain tiles).

The product sizes (in cm x cm) that lie within the scope of the study have a thickness between 7 mm and 12,3 mm and are as follows.

30x60 29,3x59,3 14,4x59,3 40x40

40x60 39,3x59,3 45x45 44,3x44,3

43,5x43,5 44,3x89,3 21,8x89,3 14,4x89,3

60x60 9,4x59,3 19,4x59,3 29,3 x 29,3

59,3x59,3 59,3x89,3 59,3x119,3 19,2x119,3

14,3x119,3 30x30 4x4 8,1x41,5

20x20 20x20 octagon

Productive centers:Cerámica Vives, S.A.Carretera Castellón – Alcora, km 22L’Alcora, Castellón. Spain.

Ferraes Cerámica, S.A.Carretera Castellón– Alcora, km 23L’Alcora, Castellón. Spain.

Figure 1 – Installed product



1.3. Declared or functional unit The Functional Unit is “1 m2 covering of a

(floor) surface with porcelain tiles (BIa group) inside a home during 50 years”.

1.4. Name of the ProgramAENOR GlobalEPD Génova street, 6. 28004 Madrid. SpainPhone: (+34) 91 432 60 00e-mail: [email protected] - www.aenor.es

AENOR is a founding member of the Association ECO Platform of European EPD Program Operators.

1.5. ConformityThis Environmental Product Declaration has been developed and verified in accordance with ISO 14025 and EN 15804.

1.6. Identification of the Product Category Rules (PCR)

1.7. Date of issue of the declaration and period of validityThis EPD, with code GlobalEPD 002-037 rev. 1 is issued on 2015-12-21 and will be valid for 5 years.

1.8. Information modulesThis EPD refers to the environmental performance of the ceramic tiles manufactured by VIVES AZULEJOS Y GRES, S.A., considering a full life cycle (cradle to grave) including:

Product stage:Raw materials supply (A1)Transport (A2)Manufacturing (A3)

Construction:Transport (from the gate of the factory to the constrution site) (A4)Installation and construction processes (A5)

Use:Use (B1)Maintenance (B2)Repair (B3)Replacement (B4)Refurbishment (B5)Operational energy use (B6)Operational water use (B7)

End of life:De-construction / demolition (C1)Transport to waste processing (C2)Waste processing for reuse, recovery and/or recycling (C3)Disposal (C4)

Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary (reuse, recovery and/or recycling potentials)

Module D

Descriptive title of the PCR

Ceramic coverings

Panel that approved this PCR

CERAMIC COVERINGS

PCR registration date and code

2013-09-06RCP-002-AENOR GlobalEPDEN 15804 serves as core PCR

PCR version number 001

Public consultation period for the PCR

2013-05-07 to 2013-05-31

Approval date of the PCR

2013-09-06

PCR valid until 2018-09-05

Programme Operator AENOR



Product stageRaw materials supply and transport (A1 and A2)The porcelain stonewear product essentially consists of clay, feldspar, sand, kaolin and recycled ceramic material made before and after firing.

The raw materials used have different sources according to their nature and properties. Raw materials with origin outside Spain are transported to the Castellon harbour by ship and then by truck to the factory. For sea transport a transoceanic cargo freighters was chosen; the distance used is based on the origin. All raw materials are transported in bulk, i.e. they require no packing.

The most common glaze raw materials are quartz, kaolin, alkaline feldspars, calcium carbonate, borates, zircon, clay, calcined alumina, ceramic frits, pigments, and additives such as suspending agents, deflocculants, or binders. Just like the body raw materials, these materials have different origins and are transported in bulk by transoceanic freighter.

Manufacturing (A3)The raw materials are prepared in two specialized companies that produce spray-dried powder. Both companies use the same process and technology. Once the different raw materials have been received, they are stored for mixing later. After mixing, the raw materials are subjected to a milling process, followed by drying to obtain the spray-dried powder.

Both atomized suppliers have a heat and electric energy cogeneration system installed at the spray dryer. The cogeneration produces electricity using the waste heat from combustion, through a system of steam turbines and alternators. All the hot gases are used in the spray dryer, and a part of the electric energy generated is used in the production process to reduce the electricity demand from the grid, the rest is sold to the grid.

Once the spray-dried granules have been manufactured, they are transported in bulk in a 27 t dump truck from the spray-dried powder producer to the VIVES AZULEJOS Y

GRES, S.A. ceramic factories. Specifically, the 87% of the spray-dried powder travels a distance of 17,5 km and the other 3 km.

The production processes of Ferraes Cerámica and Cerámica Vives are the same, except for the differences explained below.

At the factories, the spray-dried powder is unloaded into storage hoppers. Then a feed system of conveyor belts with weight control conveys the granules to the forming stage. The tiles are formed by dry uniaxial pressing and fed into a continuous dryer to reduce tile moisture content, thus doubling or tripling tile mechanical strength for subsequent processing. The tiles exiting the dryer are coated with one or more layers of engobe glaze and inks. The decoration materials are manufactured at specialized companies, where part of the raw materials is subjected to a fritting process (raw materials fusion and quenching) to obtain insoluble glasses.

The frits and other raw materials are mixed and usually wet milled, then the glaze is applied on the body with different techniques such as bell glazing and airbrushes. The ink on the other hand, applies mostly by injection.

Firing is the most important stage in the ceramic tile production process because this is when the properties of the formed tiles are fundamentally changed, yielding a hard material that is resistant to water and chemicals. The products are fired in sin-gle-channel roller kilns.

Once tiles have been fired and a first classifica-tion is made, additional mechanical treatments are applied in 61% of the pieces commercialized by VIVES AZULEJOS Y GRES, S.A. to provide them with specific characteristics. The most common treatments are polishing (enhancing tile surface gloss by an abrasion process) and rectification (edge-grinding, so that there



are no noticeable joints between the tiles once they are installed). Ferraes Cerámica has the necessary equipment for this process, while the pieces produced at Cerámica Vives are taken to specialized companies.

After the tiles have passed the relevant quality control processes, also known as sorting, they are packaged using cardboard, pallets, and polyethylene. The prepared pallet is then stored in the logistics area of the plant.

In order to reduce air emissions from the different sources, so-called fabric filter baghouses are used. In these systems, the gas flow to be cleaned and the particulate material pass through filtering sleeves, so that the particles are deposited on the filter surface, forming a filter layer.

ConstructionTransport to the building site (A4)36% of the product is distributed in Spain, 37% in Europe and 27% to the rest of the world.

For road transport a 27 t truck, EURO III class, was considered. For transcontinental transport, an average transoceanic freighter was considered.

All models used are included in the database [GaBi 4.4].

Installation into the building (A5)The product is duly unpacked for installation. Data show that, in a real scenario, the tiles need to be installed with fast-setting mortars. Fast-setting mortars are cementitious adhesives that consist of a mixture of hydraulic binders, mineral fillers, and organic additives, which only need to be mixed with water or a liquid addition just before use. These mortars consist of a mixture of grey or white cement, mineral fillers of a siliceous and/ or limestone nature, and organic additives: water retainers, water-redispersible polymers, rheological modifiers, fibres, etc.

Tile packaging waste is separately handled; the disposal mode depends on the geographic location of the installation site.

UseOnce it is installed, the Porcelain Stoneware product requires no energy input for use. Nor does it require any maintenance after installation, except normal cleaning operations. Consequently, of all the modules mentioned previously, only the environmental loads relating to product maintenance are considered (Module B2).

According to VIVES AZULEJOS Y GRES, S.A., the reference service life of the product is the same as that of the building where it is installed because, provided it is properly installed, it is a durable product that will not require replacing. The reference service life of the product is 50 years.

Maintenance (B2)Cleaning is performed with a moist cloth and, if the surface exhibits any dirt or grease, cleaning agents such as detergents or bleaches can be added. The present study has considered water and disinfectant consumption in a residential use scenario: that is, 0,00019 kg detergent and 0,1 l water for washing 1 m2 tiling once a week.

End of lifeDeconstrucción and demolition (C1)When its service life has ended, the product is removed, either as part of building refurbishment or building demolition. In building demolition, the impacts assignable to product disassembly are negligible.

Transport (C2)Product wastes are transported in a truck that conforms to Euro III standards, over a distance of 50 km to the waste destination. In order to estimate the 50 km between the demolished building and the nearest controlled landfill, only the Spanish market was considered, and the results were extrapolated to the entire ceramic market. In Spain, there are currently more than 80 authorised CDW (construction and demolition waste) landfills.



Waste processing for reuse, recovery and/or recycling (C3)According to the Royal Decree 105/2008 and the Waste Framework Directive, as well as to the European Union agreements, 70% of the construction and demolition waste is assumed to go to reuse, recovery, and recycling.

Final disposal (C4) 30% of the product is sent to a controlled landfill.

Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary, information module from reuse, recovery and/or recycling (D)It is assumed that there are avoided loads in the manufacturing (such as cardboard, film and wood waste), in product installation (such as cardboard, plastics and wood waste) and in product end of life.

1.9. Representativeness of the EPDThis Environmental Product Declaration contains environmental information regarding tiles of the water absorption group BIa. The results presented set out the average environmental performance, weighted by the production.

In addition this EPD includes the environmental data on the tiles that exhibit a minimum and a maximum impact, thus delimiting the average results obtained in the LCA.

Comparison of construction products shall be based on the same function, using the same functional unit at building level (or architectural or civil engineering works), i.e. including the performance of the product during the life cycle and the requirements stated in EN ISO 14025, 6.7.2.

EPD from different type III program operators might be not directly comparable as the assumptions, scope and calculation rules might be different.

1.10. Where can further information on this EPD be obtained?

For further information regarding this EPD please contact the manufacturer, VIVES AZULEJOS Y GRES, S.A., via web:

http://www.vivesceramica.com

or using the following email:

[email protected]

http://www.vivesceramica.com

mailto:[email protected]



2 Product

2.1. Description of the productThis Environmental Product Declaration covers the ceramic tiles from the water absorption group BIa (porcelain tiles), classification is based on EN 14411:2013:2013 (equivalent to ISO 13006:2012). It was considered a geographical and technical coverage of Spain with data from 2014.

The porcelain tiles included in the study covers different models with different sizes. The product sizes included in the study are:

30x60 29,3x59,3 14,4x59,3 40x40

40x60 39,3x59,3 45x45 44,3x44,3

43,5x43,5 44,3x89,3 21,8x89,3 14,4x89,3

60x60 9,4x59,3 19,4x59,3 29,3 x 29,3

59,3x59,3 59,3x89,3 59,3x119,3 19,2x119,3

14,3x119,3 30x30 4x4 8,1x41,5

20x20 20x20 octagon

2.2. Application of the productThe intended use of the product is surface covering. This study assesses the environmental performance of the use stage of the porcelain stoneware in covering floors indoors.

However, the versatility of the ceramic tile also allows the use for other purposes, such as wall cladding, as well as in indoor and outdoor environments.

Figure 2 – Product

Figure 3 – Product



The life cycle assessment (LCA) on which this declaration is based was performed according to standards ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, and the PCR document on ceramic coverings v. 01, RCP nº 2 of AENOR GlobalEPD.

The Functional Unit is “1 m2 covering of a (floor) surface with porcelain tiles (water absorption group BIa) inside a home during 50 years”.

This LCA is “cradle to grave”; i.e. it includes the product, construction/installation, use and end of life stages.

2.3. Product componentsNone of the end-product components are included in the Candidate List of substances of very high concern for authorisation.

Body raw materials (>97%): clay, feldspars, sand and recycled fired and unfired ceramic material and deflocculants.

Glaze raw materials (<3%): feldspars, carbonates, quartz, borates, silicates, kaolins, zirconium oxides, clays, alumina, and zinc oxide.

Figure 4 – Installed product



3.1. System boundaries. Information modules

The stages and information modules included in the scope of this EPD are shown below.

3 Results of the life cycle assessment (LCA)

A1. Raw materials supply

MANUFACTURING CONSTRUCTION

A2. Raw materials transport

Milling

Spray drying

Forming

Drying

Glazing and decoration

Firing

Sorting

Packaging

Glazes, engobes, inks

A3. Manufacturing

Raw materials preparation USE

END-OF-LIFE

A4. Transport to the building

A5. Installation into the building

B1. UseB2. MaintenanceB3. RepairB4. ReplacementB5. RefurbishmentB6. Operational energy useB7. Operational water use

Additional mechanical treatment

Figure 5. Stages and information modules for the building assessment. Building life cycle

D. Reuse, recovery, and/or recycling potentials

END-OF-LIFE

BENEFITS AND LOADS BEYOND THE SYSTEM BOUNDARY

C1. Deconstruction and demolitionC2. TransportC3. Waste processingC4. Disposal



3.2. Declaration of environmental parameters derived from LCA

The environmental parameters derived from the LCA for these products under study are set out below.

3.2.1 Impact indicatorsThe following tables present the environmental data. The values of the impacts for the dimensions with minimum and maximum environmental impact included in the scope of this Environmental Product Declaration are detailed in Annexes I and II.

The LCA was developed with the life cycle analysis software GABI 4.4 (PE International). The characterization factors used are the factors included in the CML-2001 method, after the review of November de 2009.



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3.2.2 Use of resourcesThe following table shows the parameters that describe the use of resources associated to the life cycle for 1 m2 of average porcelain tiles.

The values of the impacts for the dimensions with minimum and maximum environmental impact included in the scope of this Environmental Product Declaration are detailed in Annexes I and II.

PA

RA

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LIFE

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[ave

rage

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3.2.3. Waste categories and output flows The following table shows the parameters that

describe waste categories and other output flows associated to the life cycle for 1 m2 of average porcelain tiles.

The values of the impacts for the dimensions with minimum and maximum environmental impact included in the scope of this Environmental Product Declaration are detailed in Annexes I and II.

PA

RA

MET

ERU

NIT

LIFE

CY

CLE

STA

GES

PR

OD

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ST

AG

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NST

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ION

PRO

CESS

USE

END

OF

LIFE

BEN

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S AN

D

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S BE

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D

THE

LIFE

CYC

LE

A1

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3A

4A

5B

1B

2B

3 -

B7

C1C2

C3C4

D

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pose

dkg

8,9E

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3

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.

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00

06,

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Non

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pose

dkg

9,6

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2

Radi

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32,

3E-0

51,

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43,

7E-0

64,

3E-0

60

02,

1E-0

4

A1. R

aw m

ater

ials

sup

ply

A2. T

rans

port

A3. P

rodu

ctio

n A4

. Tra

nspo

rt A5

. Con

stru

ctio

n/in

stal

latio

n pr

oces

s

B1. U

se

B2. M

aint

enan

ce

B3. R

epai

r B4

. Rep

lace

men

t

B5. R

efur

bish

men

t B6

. Ope

ratio

nal

ener

gy u

seB7

. Ope

ratio

nal

wat

er u

se

C1. D

econ

stru

ctio

n C2

. Tra

nspo

rt C3

. Was

te p

roce

ssin

gC4

. Dis

posa

l

D. R

euse

, rec

over

y an

d re

cycl

ing

pote

ntia

l

N.R

.: N

ot re

leva

nt

Tab

le 3

. P

aram

eter

s d

escr

ibin

g w

aste

cat

egor

ies

for

por

cela

in t

iles

(BIa

) [a

vera

ge v

alue

s]

PA

RA

MET

ERU

NIT

LIFE

CY

CLE

STA

GES

PR

OD

UCT

ST

AG

ECO

NST

RUCT

ION

PRO

CESS

USE

END

OF

LIFE

BEN

EFIT

S AN

D

LOAD

S BE

YON

D

THE

LIFE

CYC

LE

A1

- A

3A

4A

5B

1B

2B

3 -

B7

C1C2

C3C4

D

Com

pone

nts

for r

e-us

ekg

00

0

N.R

.

0

N.R

.N

.R.

00

00

Mat

eria

ls fo

r rec

yclin

gkg

00

1,5E

-01

00

17,2

0-1

,8E-

02

Mat

eria

ls fo

r ene

rgy

reco

very

kg0

04,

2E-0

20

00

00

Expo

rted

ener

gyM

J per

ene

rgy

carr

ier

00

00

00

00

A1. R

aw m

ater

ials

sup

ply

A2. T

rans

port

A3. P

rodu

ctio

n A4

. Tra

nspo

rt A5

. Con

stru

ctio

n/in

stal

latio

n pr

oces

s

B1. U

se

B2. M

aint

enan

ce

B3. R

epai

r B4

. Rep

lace

men

t

B5. R

efur

bish

men

t B6

. Ope

ratio

nal

ener

gy u

seB7

. Ope

ratio

nal

wat

er u

se

C1. D

econ

stru

ctio

n C2

. Tra

nspo

rt C3

. Was

te p

roce

ssin

gC4

. Dis

posa

l

D. R

euse

, rec

over

y an

d re

cycl

ing

pote

ntia

l

N.R

.: N

ot re

leva

nt

Tab

le 4

. Param

eters describing other output flow

s for porcelain tiles (BIa) [average values]



3.3. Additional environmental information VIVES AZULEJOS Y GRES, S.A. quality

management system has been certificated according to ISO 9001:2008 (ER-0761/1998).

VIVES AZULEJOS Y GRES, S.A. is member of the

Green Building Council Spain.

VIVES AZULEJOS Y GRES, S.A. has an environmental content declaration in recycled material products, according to ISO 14021:1999, Environmental labels and declarations - Self-declared environmental claims, for its porcelain stoneware products.

3.4. Additional information regarding the release of dangerous substances into indoor air, soil and water during use stage

3.4.1. Indoor air emissions In the ceramic tile manufacturing process, tiles are subjected to a thermal process above 1000 ºC. At these temperatures, any organic compound in the compositions decomposes, yielding an inert end-product free of any volatile organic compounds that might be released in the use stage.

3.4.2. Release to soil and waterCeramic tiles release no compounds into the soil or water during their use stage because a completely inert product is involved that undergoes no physical, chemical, or biological transformations, is neither soluble nor combustible, and does not react physically or chemically or in any other way, is not biodegradable, and does not adversely affect other materials with which it enters into contact such that it might produce environmental pollution or harm human health.

It is a non-leaching product, so that it does not endanger the quality of surface water or groundwater.

3.5. Scenarios and additional

environmental information

3.5.1. Module A4: Transport to the building site

PARAMETER

UNIT (expressed

per functional or declared

unit)

RESULT (expressed per func-

tional or declared unit)

Fuel type and consumption

Litre of fuel type per distance and type of vehicle

0,4 l diesel oil (27 t truck)0,04 l fuel oil (freighter)

Distance km

36% in Spain (500 km)37% to the rest of Europe (2.000 km)27% to the rest of the world (10.000 km)

Capacity utilisation (including empty returns)

%85% in trucks100% freighter

Bulk density of the transported products

kg/m3 415,4 kg/m3

Volume capacity utilisation factor (factor: = 1 or < 1 or ≥ 1 for compressed or nested packaged products)

Not applicable 0,17

Table 5. Technical information. Construction process

stage. Transport to the building site



PARAMETER UNIT (expressed per functional or declared unit)

RESULT (expressed per functional or declared unit)

B2 MAINTENANCE

Maintenance process Description or source where description can be found Washing once a week (residential use)

Maintenance cycle Number per RSL or year Not applicable

Ancillary materials for maintenance (e.g. cleaning agent) (spe-cify materials) kg/cycle or other units Detergent: 0,05 kg/life

Wastage material during maintenance (specify materials) kg Not applicable

Net fresh water consumption m3 0,26 m3/life

Energy input during maintenance (e.g. vacuum cleaning), energy carrier type (e.g. electricity) and amount, if applicable and relevant

kWh Not applicable

Table 7. Technical information. Use stage related to the building fabric

PARAMETERUNIT

(expressed per functional or declared unit)

RESULT (expressed per functional or

declared unit)

Material 1: Cementitious adhesive kg 3,5 kg/m2

Use of fresh water m3 0,00088 m3

Use of other resources kg Not applicable

Quantitative description of energy type (regional mix) and consumption during the installation process

kWh or MJ Not applicable

Wastage of materials on the construction site before waste processing, generated by the product’s installa-tion (specified by type)

kg

Packaging waste: - Cardboard: 0,16 kg- Plastics: 0,014 kg- Wood: 0,45 kg

Output materials (specified by type) as a result of waste processing at the construction site

kg

Incineration of cardboard: 0,014 kgRecycled cardboard: 0,087 kgLandfill disposal of cardboard: 0,064 kgIncineration of plastics: 0,003 kgRecycled plastics: 0,003 kgLandfill disposal of plastics: 0,009 kgIncineration of wood: 0,133 kgRecycled wood: 0,195 kgLandfill disposal of wood: 0,121 kg

Direct emissions to ambient air, soil, and water kg Not applicable

Table 6. Technical information. Construction process stage. Installation in the building

3.5.2. Module A5: Installation or construction

3.5.3. Modules B1-B7: B2 Maintenance



PARAMETER

UNIT (expressed per

functional or declared unit)


Reference service life Years Minimum 50 years

Declared product properties (at the gate) and finishes, etc.

Units as appropriateValues of the relevant characteristics according to EN 14411, annex G.

Information included in the manufacturer’s technical data sheet, for each model

Design application parameters (ma-nufacturer’s instructions), including the references to appropriate practices

Units as appropriate

For futher information, please visit the following link:

http://www.vivesceramica.com/en/products/technical-solutions/recommendations.html

Assumed quality of work, when installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions

Units as appropriateFor futher information, please visit the following link:


Outdoor environment (for outdoor applications), e.g. weathering, pollutants, UV radiation and wind exposure, building orientation, shading, temperature



Indoor environment (indoor applications), e.g. temperature, moisture, chemical exposure



Usage conditions, e.g. frequency of use, mechanical exposure

Units as appropriate Information included in the manufacturer’s technical data sheet, according to the model

Maintenance, e.g. required frequency,type and quality and replacement of replaceable components

Units as appropriateFor futher information, please visit the following link:


Table 8. Technical information. Reference service life

3.5.4. Reference service life



3.5.5. Module C1-C4: End of life stage

PARAMETERUNIT (expressed per

functional or declared unit)


Collection process specified by type

kg collected separately 0 kg

kg collected with mixed construction waste

26,9 kg

Recovery system specified by type

kg for reuse 0 kg

kg for recycling 19,0 kg

kg for energy valorization Not applicable

Disposal specified by typekg product or material for final deposition

8,0 kg to a controlled landfill

Assumptions for scenario development (e.g. transportation)

Units as appropriate

The product waste is transported in a large-tonnage truck (24 t) that meets Euro III standard. A distance of 50 km is assumed both to the final disposal site and to the recycling plant. A truck return trip (100% empty returns) is also included in accordan-ce with the typical scenarios in the PCR V.001 for ceramic coverings

Table 9. Technical information. End of life stage



EN 15804 serves as core PCR

Independent verification of the declaration and data, according to EN ISO 14025:2010

internal external

Third party verifier

4 Verification

NOTE 1: EPD from different Programme Operators might not be directly comparable due to potential differences in the assumptions, scope and calculation rules.

NOTE 2: Comparison of construction products shall be based on a functional equivalence, using the same functional unit at building (or civil engineering works) level, i.e.

including the product performance during its life cycle.



ANNEX I Results of the LCA for the format with MAXIMUM environmental impact

IMPA

CT

CATE

GORY

PARA

MET

ERUN

IT

LIFE

CYC

LE S

TAG

ES

PRO

DU

CT

STAG

ECO

NST

RUCT

ION

PRO

CESS

USE

END

OF

LIFE

BEN

EFIT

S AN

D

LOAD

S BE

YON

D

THE

LIFE

CYC

LE

A1

- A3

A4

A5

B1

B2

B3

- B7

C1C2

C3C4

D

Glo

bal w

arm

ing

Glo

bal w

arm

ing

pote

ntia

lkg

CO

2 equ

iv13

,01,

25,

0E-0

1

N.R

1,5E

-01

N.R

.N

.R.

2,0E

-01

01,

8E-0

1-1

,7E-

01

Ozo

ne d

eple

tion

Ozo

ne d

eple

tion

pote

ntia

lkg

CFC

-11

equi

v8,

4E-0

72,

3E-0

99,

3E-0

95,

4E-0

84,

1E-1

00

1,6E

-09

-1,9

E-08

Acid

ifica

tion

for s

oil a

nd w

ater

Acid

ifica

tion

pote

ntia

l of

soil

and

wat

erkg

SO

2 equ

iv4,

0E-0

21,

0E-0

24,

8E-0

49,

1E-0

41,

0E-0

30

6,6E

-04

1,0E

-04

Eutro

phic

atio

nEu

troph

icat

ion

pote

ntia

lkg

(PO

4)3-

equi

v5,

0E-0

31,

5E-0

31,

9E-0

41,

6E-0

42,

1E-0

40

9,6E

-05

-3,2

E-05

Phot

oche

mic

al

ozon

e fo

rmat

ion

Phot

oche

mic

al o

zone

fo

rmat

ion

pote

ntia

lkg

Eth

ene

equi

v3,

1E-0

38,

3E-0

45,

6E-0

52,

6E-0

41,

1E-0

40

1,2E

-04

1,4E

-06

Dep

letio

n of

ab

iotic

reso

urce

s -

elem

ents

Abio

tic d

eple

tion

pote

ntia

l for

non

foss

il re

sour

ces

kg S

b eq

uiv

4,6E

-05

2,6E

-08

6,6E

-05

2,2E

-07

4,8E

-09

01,

1E-0

91,

3E-0

8

Dep

letio

n of

abi

otic

re

sour

ces

– fo

ssil

fuel

s

Abio

tic d

eple

tion

pote

n-tia

l for

foss

il re

sour

ces

MJ,

valo

r ca

lorífi

co n

eto

164,

515

,54,

21,

32,

80

1,3

-1,3

A1. R

aw m

ater

ials

supp

lyA2

. Tra

nspo

rt A3

. Pro

duct

ion

A4. T

rans

port

A5. C

onst

ruct

ion/

inst

alla

tion

proc

ess

B1. U

se

B2. M

aint

enan

ce

B3. R

epai

r B4

. Rep

lace

men

t

B5. R

efur

bish

men

t B6

. Ope

ratio

nal

ener

gy u

seB7

. Ope

ratio

nal w

ater

use

C1. D

econ

stru

ctio

n C2

. Tra

nspo

rt C3

. Was

te p

roce

ssin

gC4

. Disp

osal

D. R

euse

, rec

over

y and

recy

cling

pot

entia

l

N.R

.: N

ot re

leva

nt

Tabl

e I.1

. Pa

ram

eter

s d

escr

ibin

g en

viro

nmen

tal i

mp

acts

for

por

cerl

anic

tile

s (B

Ia)

[val

ues

for

the

form

at w

ith

high

er im

pac

t]



PA

RA

MET

ERU

NIT

LIFE

CY

CLE

STA

GES

PR

OD

UCT

ST

AG

ECO

NST

RUCT

ION

PRO

CESS

USE

END

OF

LIFE

BEN

EFIT

S AN

D

LOAD

S BE

YON

D

THE

LIFE

CYC

LE

A1

- A

3A

4A

5B

1B

2B

3 -

B7

C1C2

C3C4

D

Use

of r

enew

able

prim

ary

ener

gy e

xclu

ding

re

new

able

prim

ary

ener

gy re

sour

ces

used

as

raw

mat

eria

ls

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e21

,52,

8E-0

25,

7E-0

2

N.R

.

2,1

N.R

.N

.R.

5,3E

-03

09,

5E-0

24,

1E-0

1

Use

of r

enew

able

prim

ary

ener

gy re

sour

ces

used

as

raw

mat

eria

lsM

J, ne

t cal

orifi

c va

lue

00

00

00

00

Tota

l use

of r

enew

able

prim

ary

ener

gy

reso

urce

s (p

rimar

y en

ergy

and

prim

ary

ener

gy

reso

urce

s us

ed a

s ra

w m

ater

ials

)

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e21

,52,

8E-0

25,

7E-0

22,

15,

3E-0

30

9,5E

-02

4,1E

-01

Use

of n

on re

new

able

prim

ary

ener

gy

excl

udin

g no

n re

new

able

prim

ary

ener

gy

reso

urce

s us

ed a

s ra

w m

ater

ials

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e24

5,0

15,8

5,2

2,0

2,8

01,

4-1

,8

Use

of n

on re

new

able

prim

ary

ener

gy

reso

urce

s us

ed a

s ra

w m

ater

ials

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e0

00

00

00

0

Tota

l use

of n

on re

new

able

prim

ary

ener

gy

reso

urce

sM

J, ne

t cal

orifi

c va

lue

245,

015

,85,

22,

02,

80

1,4

-1,8

Use

of s

econ

dary

mat

eria

lkg

00

00

00

00

Use

of r

enew

able

sec

onda

ry fu

els

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e0

00

00

00

0

Use

of n

on re

new

able

sec

onda

ry fu

els

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e0

00

00

00

0

Net

use

of f

resh

wat

erm

39,

0E-0

24,

4E-0

49,

6E-0

43,

0E-0

18,

3E-0

50

2,3E

-03

-2,0

E-02

A1. R

aw m

ater

ials

sup

ply

A2. T

rans

port

A3. P

rodu

ctio

n A4

. Tra

nspo

rt A5

. Con

stru

ctio

n/in

stal

latio

n pr

oces

s

B1. U

se

B2. M

aint

enan

ce

B3. R

epai

r B4

. Rep

lace

men

t

B5. R

efur

bish

men

t B6

. Ope

ratio

nal

ener

gy u

seB7

. Ope

ratio

nal

wat

er u

se

C1. D

econ

stru

ctio

n C2

. Tra

nspo

rt C3

. Was

te p

roce

ssin

gC4

. Dis

posa

l

D. R

euse

, rec

over

y an

d re

cycl

ing

pote

ntia

l

N.R

.: N

ot re

leva

nt

Tab

le I

.2.

Para

met

ers

des

crib

ing

use

of r

esou

rces

for

por

cela

in t

iles

(BIa

) [v

alue

s fo

r th

e fo

rmat

wit

h hi

gher

imp

act]



PA

RA

MET

ERU

NIT

LIFE

CY

CLE

STA

GES

PR

OD

UCT

ST

AG

ECO

NST

RUCT

ION

PRO

CESS

USE

END

OF

LIFE

BEN

EFIT

S AN

D

LOAD

S BE

YON

D

THE

LIFE

CYC

LE

A1

- A

3A

4A

5B

1B

2B

3 -

B7

C1C2

C3C4

D

Haz

ardo

us w

aste

dis

pose

dkg

1,0E

-02

02,

0E-0

3

N.R

.

1,8E

-05

N.R

.N

.R.

00

0-4

,4E-

05

Non

haz

ardo

us w

aste

dis

pose

dkg

11,9

4,9E

-02

6,4E

-01

2,4E

-02

9,2E

-03

017

,88,

6

Radi

oact

ive

was

te d

ispo

sed

kg9,

6E-0

32,

8E-0

51,

3E-0

43,

7E-0

65,

1E-0

60

02,

4E-0

4

A1. R

aw m

ater

ials

sup

ply

A2. T

rans

port

A3. P

rodu

ctio

n A4

. Tra

nspo

rt A5

. Con

stru

ctio

n/in

stal

latio

n pr

oces

s

B1. U

se

B2. M

aint

enan

ce

B3. R

epai

r B4

. Rep

lace

men

t

B5. R

efur

bish

men

t B6

. Ope

ratio

nal

ener

gy u

seB7

. Ope

ratio

nal

wat

er u

se

C1. D

econ

stru

ctio

n C2

. Tra

nspo

rt C3

. Was

te p

roce

ssin

gC4

. Dis

posa

l

D. R

euse

, rec

over

y an

d re

cycl

ing

pote

ntia

l

N.R

.: N

ot re

leva

nt

Tab

le I

.3. P

aram

eter

s d

escr

ibin

g w

aste

cat

egor

ies

for

por

cela

in t

iles

(BIa

) [v

alue

s fo

r th

e fo

rmat

wit

h hi

gher

imp

act]

PA

RA

MET

ERU

NIT

LIFE

CY

CLE

STA

GES

PR

OD

UCT

ST

AG

ECO

NST

RUCT

ION

PRO

CESS

USE

END

OF

LIFE

BEN

EFIT

S AN

D

LOAD

S BE

YON

D

THE

LIFE

CYC

LE

A1

- A

3A

4A

5B

1B

2B

3 -

B7

C1C2

C3C4

D

Com

pone

nts

for r

e-us

ekg

00

0

N.R

.

0

N.R

.N

.R.

00

00

Mat

eria

ls fo

r rec

yclin

gkg

00

1,7E

-01

00

20,6

0-1

,8E-

02

Mat

eria

ls fo

r ene

rgy

reco

very

kg0

04,

6E-0

20

00

00

Expo

rted

ener

gyM

J per

ene

rgy

carr

ier

00

00

00

00

A1. R

aw m

ater

ials

sup

ply

A2. T

rans

port

A3. P

rodu

ctio

n A4

. Tra

nspo

rt A5

. Con

stru

ctio

n/in

stal

latio

n pr

oces

s

B1. U

se

B2. M

aint

enan

ce

B3. R

epai

r B4

. Rep

lace

men

t

B5. R

efur

bish

men

t B6

. Ope

ratio

nal

ener

gy u

seB7

. Ope

ratio

nal

wat

er u

se

C1. D

econ

stru

ctio

n C2

. Tra

nspo

rt C3

. Was

te p

roce

ssin

gC4

. Dis

posa

l

D. R

euse

, rec

over

y an

d re

cycl

ing

pote

ntia

l

N.R

.: N

ot re

leva

nt

Tab

le I

.4. Param


s for porcelain tiles (BIa)

[val

ues

for

the

form

at w

ith

high

er im

pac

t]



ANNEX II Results of the LCA for the format with MINIMUM environmental impact

IMPA

CT

CATE

GORY

PARA

MET

ERUN

IT

LIFE

CYC

LE S

TAG

ES

PRO

DU

CT

STAG

ECO

NST

RUCT

ION

PRO

CESS

USE

END

OF

LIFE

BEN

EFIT

S AN

D

LOAD

S BE

YON

D

THE

LIFE

CYC

LE

A1

- A3

A4

A5

B1

B2

B3

- B7

C1C2

C3C4

D

Glo

bal w

arm

ing

Glo

bal w

arm

ing

pote

ntia

lkg

CO

2 equ

iv7,9

6,8E

-01

4,3E

-01

N.R

1,5E

-01

N.R

.N

.R.

1,3E

-01

01,

2E-0

1-1

,1E-

01

Ozo

ne d

eple

tion

Ozo

ne d

eple

tion

pote

ntia

lkg

CFC

-11

equi

v4,

3E-0

71,

4E-0

91,

1E-0

85,

4E-0

82,

7E-1

00

1,0E

-09

-1,3

E-08

Acid

ifica

tion

for s

oil a

nd w

ater

Acid

ifica

tion

pote

ntia

l of

soil

and

wat

erkg

SO

2 equ

iv2,

5E-0

26,

2E-0

34,

6E-0

49,

1E-0

46,

8E-0

40

4,3E

-04

6,4E

-05

Eutro

phic

atio

nEu

troph

icat

ion

pote

ntia

lkg

(PO

4)3-

equi

v3,

4E-0

38,

8E-0

41,

1E-0

41,

6E-0

41,

4E-0

40

6,3E

-05

-2,2

E-05

Phot

oche

mic

al

ozon

e fo

rmat

ion

Phot

oche

mic

al o

zone

fo

rmat

ion

pote

ntia

lkg

Eth

ene

equi

v2,

0E-0

34,

9E-0

44,

8E-0

52,

6E-0

47,5

E-05

07,

6E-0

52,

2E-0

7

Dep

letio

n of

ab

iotic

reso

urce

s -

elem

ents

Abio

tic d

eple

tion

pote

ntia

l for

non

foss

il re

sour

ces

kg S

b eq

uiv

3,0E

-05

1,6E

-08

6,6E

-05

2,2E

-07

3,2E

-09

07,4

E-10

7,3E

-09

Dep

letio

n of

abi

otic

re

sour

ces

– fo

ssil

fuel

s

Abio

tic d

eple

tion

pote

n-tia

l for

foss

il re

sour

ces

MJ,

net c

alor

i-fic

val

ue10

1,0

9,2

4,2

1,3

1,8

08,

4E-0

1-8

,8E-

01

A1. R

aw m

ater

ials

supp

lyA2

. Tra

nspo

rt A3

. Pro

duct

ion

A4. T

rans

port

A5. C

onst

ruct

ion/

inst

alla

tion

proc

ess

B1. U

se

B2. M

aint

enan

ce

B3. R

epai

r B4

. Rep

lace

men

t

B5. R

efur

bish

men

t B6

. Ope

ratio

nal

ener

gy u

seB7

. Ope

ratio

nal w

ater

use

C1. D

econ

stru

ctio

n C2

. Tra

nspo

rt C3

. Was

te p

roce

ssin

gC4

. Disp

osal

D. R

euse

, rec

over

y and

recy

cling

pot

entia

l

N.R

.: N

ot re

leva

nt

Tabl

e II

.1.

Para

met

ers

des

crib

ing

envi

ronm

enta

l im

pac

ts f

or p

orce

rlan

ic t

iles

(BIa

) [v

alue

s fo

r th

e fo

rmat

wit

h lo

wer

imp

act]



PA

RA

MET

ERU

NIT

LIFE

CY

CLE

STA

GES

PR

OD

UCT

ST

AG

ECO

NST

RUCT

ION

PRO

CESS

USE

END

OF

LIFE

BEN

EFIT

S AN

D

LOAD

S BE

YON

D

THE

LIFE

CYC

LE

A1

- A

3A

4A

5B

1B

2B

3 -

B7

C1C2

C3C4

D

Use

of r

enew

able

prim

ary

ener

gy e

xclu

ding

re

new

able

prim

ary

ener

gy re

sour

ces

used

as

raw

mat

eria

ls

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e10

,81,

7E-0

25,

9E-0

2

N.R

.

2,1

N.R

.N

.R.

3,5E

-03

06,

2E-0

22,

6E-0

1

Use

of r

enew

able

prim

ary

ener

gy re

sour

ces

used

as

raw

mat

eria

lsM

J, ne

t cal

orifi

c va

lue

00

00

00

00

Tota

l use

of r

enew

able

prim

ary

ener

gy

reso

urce

s (p

rimar

y en

ergy

and

prim

ary

ener

gy

reso

urce

s us

ed a

s ra

w m

ater

ials

)

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e10

,81,

7E-0

25,

9E-0

22,

13,

5E-0

30

6,2E

-02

2,6E

-01

Use

of n

on re

new

able

prim

ary

ener

gy

excl

udin

g no

n re

new

able

prim

ary

ener

gy

reso

urce

s us

ed a

s ra

w m

ater

ials

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e14

8,2

9,4

5,3

2,0

1,9

00,

9-1

,2

Use

of n

on re

new

able

prim

ary

ener

gy re

sour

-ce

s us

ed a

s ra

w m

ater

ials

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e0

00

00

00

0

Tota

l use

of n

on re

new

able

prim

ary

ener

gy

reso

urce

sM

J, ne

t cal

orifi

c va

lue

148,

29,

45,

32,

01,

90

0,9

-1,2

Use

of s

econ

dary

mat

eria

lkg

00

00

00

00

Use

of r

enew

able

sec

onda

ry fu

els

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e0

00

00

00

0

Use

of n

on re

new

able

sec

onda

ry fu

els

MJ,

net c

alor

ific

valu

e0

00

00

00

0

Net

use

of f

resh

wat

erm

35,

0E-0

22,

6E-0

41,

2E-0

33,

0E-0

15,

5E-0

50

1,5E

-03

-1,3

E-02

A1. R

aw m

ater

ials

sup

ply

A2. T

rans

port

A3. P

rodu

ctio

n A4

. Tra

nspo

rt A5

. Con

stru

ctio

n/in

stal

latio

n pr

oces

s

B1. U

se

B2. M

aint

enan

ce

B3. R

epai

r B4

. Rep

lace

men

t

B5. R

efur

bish

men

t B6

. Ope

ratio

nal

ener

gy u

seB7

. Ope

ratio

nal

wat

er u

se

C1. D

econ

stru

ctio

n C2

. Tra

nspo

rt C3

. Was

te p

roce

ssin

gC4

. Dis

posa

l

D. R

euse

, rec

over

y an

d re

cycl

ing

pote

ntia

l

N.R

.: N

ot re

leva

nt

Tab

le I

I.2

. P

aram

eter

s d

escr

ibin

g us

e of

res

ourc

es f

or p

orce

lain

tile

s (B

Ia)

[val

ues

for

the

form

at w

ith

low

er im

pac

t]



PA

RA

MET

ERU

NIT

LIFE

CY

CLE

STA

GES

PR

OD

UCT

ST

AG

ECO

NST

RUCT

ION

PRO

CESS

USE

END

OF

LIFE

BEN

EFIT

S AN

D

LOAD

S BE

YON

D

THE

LIFE

CYC

LE

A1

- A

3A

4A

5B

1B

2B

3 -

B7

C1C2

C3C4

D

Haz

ardo

us w

aste

dis

pose

dkg

7,6E

-03

08,

0E-0

4

N.R

.

1,8E

-05

N.R

.N

.R.

00

0-8

,0E-

06

Non

haz

ardo

us w

aste

dis

pose

dkg

5,9

2,9E

-02

5,3E

-01

2,4E

-02

6,0E

-03

011

,75,

7

Radi

oact

ive

was

te d

ispo

sed

kg4,

8E-0

31,

7E-0

51,

4E-0

43,

7E-0

63,

4E-0

60

01,

6E-0

4

A1. R

aw m

ater

ials

sup

ply

A2. T

rans

port

A3. P

rodu

ctio

n A4

. Tra

nspo

rt A5

. Con

stru

ctio

n/in

stal

latio

n pr

oces

s

B1. U

se

B2. M

aint

enan

ce

B3. R

epai

r B4

. Rep

lace

men

t

B5. R

efur

bish

men

t B6

. Ope

ratio

nal

ener

gy u

seB7

. Ope

ratio

nal

wat

er u

se

C1. D

econ

stru

ctio

n C2

. Tra

nspo

rt C3

. Was

te p

roce

ssin

gC4

. Dis

posa

l

D. R

euse

, rec

over

y an

d re

cycl

ing

pote

ntia

l

N.R

.: N

ot re

leva

nt

Tab

le I

I.3

. P

aram

eter

s d

escr

ibin

g w

aste

cat

egor

ies

for

por

cela

in t

iles

(BIa

) [v

alue

s fo

r th

e fo

rmat

wit

h lo

wer

imp

act]

PA

RA

MET

ERU

NIT

LIFE

CY

CLE

STA

GES

PR

OD

UCT

ST

AG

ECO

NST

RUCT

ION

PRO

CESS

USE

END

OF

LIFE

BEN

EFIT

S AN

D

LOAD

S BE

YON

D

THE

LIFE

CYC

LE

A1

- A

3A

4A

5B

1B

2B

3 -

B7

C1C2

C3C4

D

Com

pone

nts

for r

e-us

ekg

00

0

N.R

.

0

N.R

.N

.R.

00

00

Mat

eria

ls fo

r rec

yclin

gkg

00

7,2E

-02

00

13,5

0-8

,5E-

03

Mat

eria

ls fo

r ene

rgy

reco

very

kg0

01,

9E-0

20

00

00

Expo

rted

ener

gyM

J per

ene

rgy

carr

ier

00

00

00

00

A1. R

aw m

ater

ials

sup

ply

A2. T

rans

port

A3. P

rodu

ctio

n A4

. Tra

nspo

rt A5

. Con

stru

ctio

n/in

stal

latio

n pr

oces

s

B1. U

se

B2. M

aint

enan

ce

B3. R

epai

r B4

. Rep

lace

men

t

B5. R

efur

bish

men

t B6

. Ope

ratio

nal

ener

gy u

seB7

. Ope

ratio

nal

wat

er u

se

C1. D

econ

stru

ctio

n C2

. Tra

nspo

rt C3

. Was

te p

roce

ssin

gC4

. Dis

posa

l

D. R

euse

, rec

over

y an

d re

cycl

ing

pote

ntia

l

N.R

.: N

ot re

leva

nt

Tab

le I

I.4

. Param


s for porcelain tiles (BIa)

[val

ues

for

the

form

at w

ith

low

er im

pac

t]

Environmental - VIVES Azulejos y Gres · 2016-06-23 · Designation Code: GlobalEPD 002-037 rev. 1...

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Transcript of Environmental - VIVES Azulejos y Gres · 2016-06-23 · Designation Code: GlobalEPD 002-037 rev. 1...