Environmental Studies Association of Canada

Conference Program

Congress 2014 May 27 - 29

Brock University

St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada

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Message from the Presidents’

Dear ESAC members:

Welcome to the 2014 conference called Beyond Boundaries of Environmental Association in Canada (ESAC) as part of the Ca-nadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences Congress, at Brock University. We acknowledge the Six Nations Con-

federacy, upon whose traditional territory our event will be held, and our commitment to the treaties.

The ESAC program is jam-packed with four exceptional keynotes as well as more than fifty other talks, poster competition, pecha kucha event, banquets, wine and cheese gatherings and more. Every morning ESAC will wake you up to the new sustaina-bility possibilities with a renowned keynote. On the first day, Professor Liette Vasseur discusses solutions to improve sustainability of communities, not only in Canada, but around the world. Starting off the second day Professor Nancy Doubleday will explore peace and sustainability practice and theory for global citizens. For the last day we both start and end with a keynote. Early in the morning Oliver Brandes will provide some fresh thinking on our water future. Later that day, Dr. Ella Haley, who is the recipi-ent of the 2013 ESAC Eco-award will discuss eco-engagement and activism to close the ESAC session. Each evening the ESAC program holds opportunities to celebrate and network. This is a great opportunity to learn, network and meet colleagues who

share similar concerns about the sustainability as you.

Both of us, Chris Ling and Shirley Thompson, have had an exciting four years as co-presidents of ESAC and are now passing the torch to other talented and committed people in the organization. We have seen ESAC grow and mature during this time. It has been a great pleasure to work with the board of directors and ESAC members and see the strength of the environmental lead-

ership that exists at ESAC.

Best wishes for sustainability,

Shirley Thompson and Chris Ling

ESAC Co-Presidents

Message from the Chair

Dear Attendees,

A warm welcome to Brock University and ESAC 2014!

The Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences Congress at Brock University is a momentous and fitting occa-sion as we celebrate our 50th anniversary. Brock is located in a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and upon the Niagara Escarpment - a most appropriate location to host the Conference of the Environmental Studies Association of Canada. Sustainability is a core

value at Brock University and we affirm this commitment in our strategic directions, actions and spirit.

The Environmental Sustainability Research Centre is honoured to host ESAC 2014. We are part of the Faculty of Social Sciences as well as one of five transdisciplinary hubs at Brock University. We pursue innovative and transdisciplinary research concerning the environment, sustainability, and social-ecological resilience. We are pleased to announce that September, 2014 will be our

inaugural year of our Sustainability Science and Society graduate program.

As we come together at this exciting event we look forward to the opportunity for sharing research, engage in scholarly dis-

course, and networking. We hope that you find the program enriching and thought provoking.

Ryan Plummer & Luaine Hathaway Program Chair & Local Arrangement Coordinator

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Session List Chair Presenter Paper Title

Session 1: Panel Discussion Bridging Coastal Communities: Climate Change Adaptation May 27, 10:30-12:15, South Block 217

Liette Vasseur

Steve Plante Participatory Action Research a way to Co-construct a Community Resilience Plan in Climate Change Context

Liette Vasseur Bringing Tools to Communities: The Role of Researchers in Helping Coastal Communities Adapt to Climate Change

Dan Lane Community Preparedness & Strategic Adaptation to Environmental Change in Coastal Communities

Colleen Mercer Clarke

Cross Boundary Coastal Collaborations in Adaptive Planning for Climate Change

John Clarke Rising Waters: The Effect of a Changing Climate on Community Infrastructure

Session 2: Indigenous Perspectives, Reflections & Planning May 27, 10:30-12:15, Thistle 124

Wendee Kubik

Jennifer Dockstator Reflections on How a Cree-Nishnaabe Medicine Circle Relates to Living Sustainably

Jenna Smith Nature, Cities, & People: Perspectives of Aboriginal People Living in Ottawa

Shirley Thompson Mapping & Planning Decolonization in a Remote First Nation community: Community Development & Regional planning in Island Lake, Manitoba, Canada

Session 3: Climate Change – Institutional Aspects & Approaches May 27, 13:00-14:45, South Block 217

Ashlee Cunsolo Wilcox

Beth Jean Evans Painting REDD with too Broad a Brush? Empirical Evidence from the Voluntary Carbon Market

Bradley May Leadership as Part of a Polycentric Climate Change Adaptation Practice

Carolyn Peach Brown

Measuring Institutional Capacity for Sustainability in the Congo Basin Forest of Eastern Cameroon

Brennan Vogel Municipal Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Analytic Approaches for the Comparative Case Study & Policy Evaluation of Adaptation Planning in Nova Scotian Coastal Municipalities

Session 4: Environmentalism & Environmental Justice May 27, 13:00-14:45, Thistle 124

Chris Ling

Nick Garside Environmentalists on Democratic Terrain: A Pleasant Stroll or a Disruptive Ramble?

Amardeep Kaur Public Transit in Toronto & Immigrants: An Environmental Justice Framework

Geo Takach Bordering on Absurdity: Uniting Environmentalism, Scholarship & Comedy

Lisa Jean Wallace Environmental Justice along the Rural-urban Interface

Session 5: Environment & Resource Management May 27, 13:00-14:45, Thistle 133

Christian Bouchard From a Pristine Environment to a Managed Environment: The Case of Réunion Island (Southwest of the Indian Ocean)

Joanne Moyer

Amber Fletcher On the Borders of Social Sustainability: Sustainability and Agriculture on the Canadian Prairies

Claire Kryczka Extending Concepts & Practice of State of the Environment Reporting to Biosphere Reserves

Samiha Tahseen A Framework Study to Unravel the Misting Phenomena in Niagara Falls

Session 6: Video & Discussion Climate Change: The Next Challenge for Mental Health in the Circumpolar North May 27, 15:00-16:45, South Block 217

Ashlee Cunsolo Wilcox Climate Change: The Next Challenge for Mental Health in the Circumpolar North

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Session List

Chair Presenter Paper Title

Session 7: Water Quality & Governance May 27, 15:00-16:45, Thistle 124

Bradley May

Andrea Kolbe Exploring the Relationship between Citizen Science & Systemic Environmental Change in Relation to Water Quality in South Africa

Erin Murphy-Mills Water Governance & Community-based Monitoring: A Case Study of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario, Canada

Dilibai Yunusi Communication between Authorities & Citizens on Tap Water Quality in the City of Kumul, Xinjiang Province, China

Session 8: Environmental Education May 27, 15:00-16:45, Thistle 133

Marcia Ruby

Velta Douglas Fact or (Science) Fiction? Using SF as Educational Tools for Ecoliteracy

Mark Hathaway Awakening the Dreamer, Changing the Dream: A Global Environmental Education Initiative

Session 9: Panel Discussion The Transition Emerging Study: Exploring Resilience, Equity & the Development of Ecological Social Practices May 28, 10:30-12:15, Sankey Chambers

Randy Haluza-Delay

Practice theory and the Transition Movement in Canada: An overview of the Transition Emerging Study's theory and methods

Chris Ling

Blake Poland The Transition Movement in the Canadian Context: Preliminary Findings from a National Survey & Interviews with Movement (Co-)founders

Rivka Kushner & Rebecca Hasdell

Food in Transition: Exploring the Centrality & Meaning of Food among Canadian Transition Initiatives

Sally Ludwig Transition Guelph

Session 10: Rural & Agricultural Studies May 28, 10:30-12:15, Thistle 124

Marcia Ruby

Aiswarya Baskaran

Understanding the Influence of Farmers’ Landscape Perceptions & Values on Farming Practices in a Rural Farming Community in Nova Scotia

Anna Kessler Exploring Cow/Calf Producer Perspectives on Environmental Protection & Using Genomics for Methane Emission Reductions

Robert Moquin Growing Together: Cultivating Community through Gardening in Kenora, Ontario

Session 11: Social-ecological Resilience May 28, 13:15-15:00, Sankey Chambers

Julia Baird

Eric Desjardins Modelling Social-Ecological Systems using Network Theory & Active Adaptive Management

Katlyn Kishxu Denial of Deteriorating Health & Environment Issues through Social Hierarchy in Shanghai, China

Kerrie Pickering Exploring Commonality & Diversity in Adaptive Co-management: A Social-ecological Inventory of Two Canadian Biosphere Reserves

Stephanie Sodero

Battening Down the Hatches: Lessons for Social-ecological Resilience on Canada’s East Coast

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Session List Chair Presenter Paper Title

Session 12: Enhancing Community Vitality May 28, 13:15-15:00, Thistle 124

Ella Haley

Susan Aaron Three Projects to Re-define Sustainability without Boundaries through an Embodied Framework

Chris Ling The Enhancement of Community Vitality through Multi-functional Restoration of Post-industrial Landscape

Barry Neal Johnson

Dendroremediation of Brownfield Sites

Veronica Wahl UNIBUG: Engaging Bugs & Engaging People – The Ups & Downs of Engaging People

Session 13: Social Learning & Engagement May 28, 15:15-17:00, Sankey Chambers

Marcia Ruby

Julia Baird Learning about Resilience; Learning for Resilience

Ataharul Chowdhury

Looking Back & Looking Forward: Approaches to Participatory Video for Social & Environmental Change in Rural Canada

Joanne Moyer Transitioning to a More Sustainable Society: Unpacking the Learning-Action Nexus

Session 14: Dimensions of Fisheries May 28, 15:15-17:00, Thistle 124

Ashlee Cunsolo Wilcox

Omer Chouinard Motivation for the Viability of the Lobster Fishery in the Northumberland Strait

Eranga Galappaththi

Overcoming Shared Problems among Resource Users: Co-management of Shrimp Aquaculture in Northwestern Sri Lanka

Berry Hsu International Law & Sustainability in Fishery Stocks: The Case of Hong Kong

Session 15: Panel Discussion The Borders & Boundaries of Environmental Research May 29, 9:45-11:30, South Block 203

Jennifer Good

Keri Cronin Visual Culture of the Environment & Animal Rights

Jennifer Good Border Crossings: Environmental Academics & Environmental Activism in the Age of Climate Change

Ana Isla The “Greening” of Costa Rica: A Subsistence View

Mark Meisner Environmental Thought, Ethics & Communication

Geo Takach Borderless Bricolage: Blending Environmentalism & Arts-based Research

Session 16: Exploring Energy May 29, 9:45-11:30, South Block 201

Shirley Thompson

Runa Das A Framework & Methodology for Examining Energy Literacy

Stewart Fast Where does Wind Work for Host Communities?: Comparing Five Wind Farms along Eastern Lake Ontario

Kazi Abdur Rouf Green Microfinance Promoting Green Enterprise Development through Mini Cooperatives/Employee Cooperatives in Canada & in Bangladesh

Laura Zeglen The Green Gap: Exploring the Implications of a Green Economy through a Policy Lens

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Day 1: Tuesday, May 27, 2014

Keynote Speaker, Liette Vasseur Breaking the Barriers: Valuing Sustainability through Collaboration Time: 9:15 – 10:15 Room: South Block 203

Various environmental changes including climate has increased pressures on communities across the world to find solutions to better adapt to this new condition. Solutions may not need to be only technical as often advocated but they can be of various nature. Through examples, I examine how it is possible to collaboratively find solutions and strategies that may help improve sustainability of communities not only in Canada but beyond our borders. These examples will make us travel to Africa and China to look at sustainable agriculture, food security, gender, climate change and how an ecosystem-based approach can be used to link commu-nities and nature in adaptation.

Session 1 - Panel Discussion Bridging Coastal Communities: Climate Change Adaptation Time: 10:30 – 12:15 Room: South Block 217 Chair: Liette Vasseur, Brock University Participants: Steve Plante, Université du Québec à Rimouski - Participatory Action Research a way to Co-construct a Community Resilience Plan

in Climate Change Context Liette Vasseur, Brock University - Bringing Tools to Communities: The Role of Researchers in Helping Coastal Communities Adapt to

Climate Change Dan Lane, University of Ottawa and C-Change (Canada) - Community Preparedness and Strategic Adaptation to Environmental

Change in Coastal Communities Colleen Mercer Clarke, University of Ottawa - Cross Boundary Coastal Collaborations in Adaptive Planning for Climate Change John D. Clarke, University of Ottawa - Rising Waters: The Effect of a Changing Climate on Community Infrastructure Summary: It is well known that climate change has no border and can affect anyone. However coastal communities across the world are fac-ing serious challenges due to sea level rise and increased frequency of storms and flooding leading to erosion. These challenges are not only physical but transcend several dimensions from social and legal to ecological. While a community may have a specif-ic territory that is well delimited (with specific borders), adaptations to climate change do not necessarily remain within its bound-ary. The aim of this session is to present and discuss the challenges that communities from different regions have in common and the various strategies taken to adapt to these impacts. The presentations come from the results of two climate change community-university research alliance (CURA- SSHRC) projects. These communities are located in different provinces in Canada and different countries in Caribbean Sea, all dealing with different jurisdictions and legal systems as well as various environmental conditions. Despite these differences, it is clear that adaptations to climate change have no boundaries and commonalities can be found.

Session 2 - Indigenous Perspectives Reflections and Planning Time: 10:30 – 12:15 Room: Thistle 124 Chair: Wendee Kubik, Brock University

Reflections on How a Cree-Nishnaabe Medicine Circle Relates to Living Sustainably Jennifer Dockstator, York University The definition and pursuit of sustainability goals have been approached predominantly from within the dominant Western, neolib-eral worldview. What if we were to consider Indigenous ways of knowing of equal value to Western knowledge? If life as we know it is likely to undergo significant changes due to climate change and stress upon the natural limits to Earth’s life-supporting systems, how can Indigenous ways of knowing and being contribute toward humanity’s adaptation to these changes? The Cree-Nishnaabe Medicine Circle, as I have learned about it over the last twenty-eight years in ceremonies, has provided the methodo-logical basis for the process to be followed throughout this research journey. Also, learnings of the Medicine Circle have informed

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the content of my work. A distinctly Indigenous framework has privileged an Indigenous approach to assessing the above ques-tions and comprehending a way forward. The main conclusions of my research are:

Dominant Western society has become secularized to the point of disconnection with the multidimensionality and relatedness of all life

Dominant Western knowledge systems have subjugated and dismissed “Other” knowledge systems to the detriment of both peoples, as well as the global community

With the guidance of the Elder with whom I have been learning all these years, I have reflected upon learnings with the Cree-Nishnaabe Medicine Circle and identified a holistic framework which incorporates Indigenous ways of knowing with Western knowledge, balancing the two knowledge systems to bring them into a more constructive relationship and to augment sustaina-bility discourse.

Nature, Cities, and People: Perspectives of Aboriginal People Living in Ottawa Jenna Smith, Carleton University This is an individual paper that falls within the theme of “Indigenous Peoples and Environment.” It connects with the conference theme of “Borders Without Boundaries” as it is an interdisciplinary study that examines the boundaries between urban and natural environments. Furthermore, the research questions traditional notions of the relationships between Aboriginal peoples and nature by reconceiving of this relationship in an urban environment. Numerous scholars have emphasized the close connections that exist between Aboriginal peoples and the natural environment. However, despite the fact that the majority of Aboriginal people in Canada live in cities, there has been very little research on the importance of nature for these communities. Are traditional connections to nature diminished or broken, or are they maintained in urban settings? Are cultural connections to nature reformulated or reinvented? This research, based on interviews with Aboriginal people living in the city of Ottawa, examines the importance of nature for urban Aboriginal people, and whether living in the city affects this relationship. The findings show that the city is seen as an artificial environment where it is difficult to practice certain customs related to nature. However, participants emphasized that the spiritual aspect of this relationship endures in the urban set-ting. Moreover, some connections with nature can be practiced in these “unnatural” settings, challenging the conceptual dichotomy between cities and nature. All participants highlighted the role that Aboriginal people can play in promoting more awareness about environmental issues in Canadian society. Our research shows that while there are different points of view and ways of experiencing nature among Aboriginal peoples living in Ottawa, there are also some commonalities that speak to shared values and concerns. More broadly, the findings raise interesting questions about the place of humans, and their cities, in “nature.”

Mapping and Planning Decolonization in a Remote First Nation Community: Community Development and Regional Planning in Island Lake, Manitoba, Canada Shirley Thompson, University of Manitoba Island Lake in Manitoba, Canada includes four remote First Nation (FN) communities, surrounded by abundant natural resources although they are economically poor (Thompson et al, 2012). Island Lake Reserve was separated in 1969 into four reserves: Gar-den Hill FN, Red Sucker Lake FN, Wasagamack FN, and St. Theresa Point FN. As there is no permanent road on the east side of Lake Winnipeg these northern communities are only accessible by winter ice roads and expensive air travel from Winnipeg. These remote fly-in communities face both the opportunity and threat of impending development. Development activities presently underway include mineral exploration and gold mining occurring in Garden Hill and Red Sucker Lake FN, a road opening up the-se four communities to outside competition for commercial forestry, hydro damming, fishing and other developments. The Island Lake communities have had limited ability to meaningfully engage in consultation regarding the East Side of Lake Winnipeg Gov-ernance, which is translated into Oji-Cree to mean Wabanong Nakaygum Okimawin (WNO). This includes the East Side of Lake Winnipeg Large Area Transportation Network Study, mining consultation, fisheries management and other economic and regional development activities. To effectively engage in these consultations and play a determining role in their own development, these communities recognize a need for assistance and capacity building. The Island Lake communities want to revitalize traditional culture and language to en-sure that their territories’ natural assets are sustained in a way that builds local financial and social assets (DFID, 2008). This pa-per dovetails with a need for planning on Lake Winnipeg’s east-side that respects ancestral occupancy as well as traditional and present land use, community planning, sustainable livelihood and sovereignty strategies for Island Lake communities.

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Session 3 - Climate Change – Institutional Aspects and Approaches Time: 13:00 – 14:45 Room: South Block 217

Chair: Ashlee Cunsolo Wilcox, Cape Breton University

Painting REDD with too Broad a Brush? Empirical Evidence from the Voluntary Carbon Market Beth Jean Evans, University of Toronto Initial enthusiasm over the inclusion of a Reducing Emissions from Avoided Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD) mechanism in a future climate governance agreement has been dampened in recent years due to concerns over its environmental efficacy, technical feasibility, and implications for local stakeholders. These critiques are often generalized and contingent (i.e. expressed in terms of ‘risks and opportunities’) due to the perception that the ongoing nature of REDD negotiations precludes any definitive evaluation of its impacts. The literature thus largely ignores the numerous REDD ‘experiments’ occurring on the voluntary carbon market; however, these are valuable test cases for the design of national and international REDD structures as many of the issues of design and implementation faced at the project level will be replicated at broader scales. This paper therefore seeks to give empirical ground to current REDD debates through an analysis of REDD project trends on the voluntary market. A critical reading of the project design documents of all 26 voluntary REDD projects being implemented in Latin America suggests that several distinct project types are being implemented under the broader concept of ‘REDD’, each with its own implica-tions for the concerns and critiques currently being expressed in the literature. This paper first offers a preliminary typology of these project-based manifestations of the REDD concept, emphasizing their relative strengths and weaknesses vis-a-vis current REDD debates. Second, and perhaps more importantly, it calls for more expansive and critical evaluative frameworks for REDD, as extant ones fail to adequately consider a range of issues revealed by this investigation to be relevant, including the deeper socio-cultural implications of carbon forestry and issues of legal liability for participants in community-based sustainable forest management projects. By urging this conceptual expansion, this research therefore contributes to the conference theme of ‘Borders without Boundaries’.

Leadership as Part of a Polycentric Climate Change Adaptation Practice Bradley May, Brock University Developing effective adaptation responses to the challenge of climate change must navigate issues of uncertainty, conflict and resistance to change. These issues exist at multiple levels and scales within institutional decision environments. Multi-level, polycen-tric climate change adaptation governance can be used to address broad objectives related to adaptation, adaptive capacity, vulnerability, maladaptation, adaptation/mitigation/sustainability co-benefits, resilience, and climate risk. To do this requires a focus on leadership as part of a broader adaptation practice. A proposed climate change adaptation leadership framework is presented to assess leadership which incorporates understanding the process of adaptation, the presence of leadership barriers, and the challenges of fit, interplay and scale. Implications for research in a nested-case study investigation are discussed, using Atlantic Canada as an example.

Measuring Institutional Capacity for Sustainability in the Congo Basin Forest of Eastern Cameroon H Carolyn Peach Brown, University of Prince Edward Island Forests will face pressure from climate change over the next century disrupting the important ecological, economic, social, and aes-thetic services that forests provide. Forest ecosystems, particularly in the tropics, influence the global climate by absorbing green-house gas emissions and storing carbon. Conversion of these forests through deforestation and degradation is also a source of carbon emissions. A new international mechanism, known as REDD+, presents opportunities to mitigate climate change through maintenance and restoration of forest carbon sinks, and contribute to other goals of biodiversity conservation and sustainable de-velopment. However, its implementation is complex and not without its challenges. Local institutions play a critical role in influenc-ing environmental and socio-economic outcomes. At the landscape scale, institutional capacity is an important measure of outcomes in landscape management. Landscapes with effective institutions support the integration of both conservation and sustainable de-velopment goals. This presentation is relevant to the conference theme of “Borders without Boundaries” as the research was car-ried out in eastern Cameroon in the Sangha Tri-National landscape, where three countries meet. This area of the Congo Basin rainforest contains a diverse mix of communities dependent on the forest for agriculture and collection of forest products, communi-ty forests, national parks, and mining and forestry operations. The research aimed to enhance understanding of the capacity of local institutions (civil, public, and private) to foster an integrative approach to landscape planning and management. Data was collected using a quantitative institutional performance measure developed by the Landscape Initiative of Ecoagriculture Partners. Use of a landscape measure approach identified limitations in capacity and key areas for institutional capacity-building.

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Knowledge of the institutional capacity of the landscape provides information about how to foster the development of robust insti-tutions, that are able to implement REDD+ policies and programs that will benefit both forest communities and the environment.

Municipal Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Analytic Approaches for the Comparative Case Study and Policy Evaluation of Adaptation Planning in Nova Scotian Coastal Municipalities Brennan Vogel, University of Western Ontario Object of Study & Conceptual Approach: Climate change adaptation involves policy actions to reduce vulnerability and build adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change impacts posing significant planning challenges for municipalities. Close prox-imity to engaging stakeholders and primary responsibility for key public functions important for adaptation (land-use regulation, building inspection, critical infrastructure protection, and emergency planning) makes municipalities well positioned to advance adaptation policy. However, climate change uncertainty, lack of public demand, more immediate priorities and limited resources and capacity present barriers to municipal adaptation policy development. Research Question: This paper asks what are the ena-bling conditions necessary for the design and implementation of effective, robust, durable, and coherent local climate adaptation policies? Drawing on scholarly literature (policy design, policy implementation, adaptive governance), this paper will construct an analytical framework for studying adaptation as an evolutionary process. Conceptualizing adaptation policy development as progressing through a series of stages, the paper will specify the key variables, actors, interests and institutions that are likely to play an important role at each stage of policy development. The paper is intended to aggregate knowledge about local climate adaptation, contributing to scholarship concerning the politics of adaptation policy development. As well, the paper will lay the methodological foundation for undertaking comparative case studies of adaptation planning and governance in Canadian munici-palities. Conclusion: Utilizing the case study of the Province of Nova Scotia’s ‘Municipal Climate Change Action Planning’ adapta-tion policy initiative, the paper will conclude with discussion of a collaborative policy research approach aimed at understanding the enabling conditions for adaptation implementation in coastal communities. Relevance to Conference Theme: Climate change knows no borders or boundaries. As a global environmental issue with social impacts at the local scale, coastal municipalities are on the front lines of responding to local vulnerability to climate hazards with adaptation policy and planning.

Session 4 - Environmentalism and Environmental Justice Time: 13:00 – 14:45 Room: Thistle 124

Chair: Chris Ling, Royal Roads University

Environmentalists on Democratic Terrain: A Pleasant Stroll or a Disruptive Ramble? Nick Garside, Laurier University It is now commonly accepted that liberation discourse has moved from socialism to democracy. In fact, few contemporary political theories are taken seriously if some sort of commitment to democracy is not central to their proposal. As a result, political concepts like citizenship, freedom, and democracy have become among the most used and abused terms in the Western world. In this presentation I examine environmentalism’s not so recent turn to citizenship rhetoric as a site for political engagement as well as a means for attaining increased legitimacy within the broader democratic public sphere. I argue that in order to begin to realize the democratic promise of the partnership between green political thought and democratic citizenship those who turn to citizenship must take their implied commitment to prioritizing the political seriously. The idea(l) of environmental citizenship represents a won-derfully disruptive/democratic potential with numerous yet to be explored liberatory promises, however, for these promises to begin to be realized, its supporters must also recognize that the turn to citizenship, while having liberatory promise, also has limi-tations. Perhaps most importantly and most controversially, the turn to citizenship requires environmentalists accept the irreducible need for, and priority of, democratic ethics. In other words, a commitment to citizenship is a commitment to democracy which, I argue, is a commitment to listen, learn and explore as much as to persuade, enlighten and engage. Environmental citizenship will not solve the many tensions that accompany “representing nature,” nor does it offer guarantees of a more environmentally benign future. What it can do, and what I argue it ought to do, is re-invigorate environmental discourse, place environmentalism squarely within what Hannah Arendt calls the forces of freedom, and finally disrupt, disturb and challenge the foundational assumptions that tend to dominate environmental politics and theories of democratic citizenship. To conclude I introduce the trope of the feral citizen as one way of embracing and celebrating the irreducible tension between democracy and environmentalism.

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Public Transit in Toronto and Immigrants: An Environmental Justice Framework Amardeep Kaur, Ryerson University The focus of this paper is on public transit in Toronto and immigrants. Emerging studies have noted the higher usage of public transit amongst immigrant groups and yet the lack of transit accessibility and walkability in inner suburbs of Toronto (Hulchanski 2010; Hess and Farrow 2011). There is a need for a comprehensive understanding of travel behaviour and patterns of immi-grants – particularly recent immigrants and immigrant women in Toronto. This research was informed by an environmental justice framework that raises issues of spatial and procedural inequities facing racialized and poor communities due to unfavourable ur-ban and regional development and policies. An environmental justice framework enabled a multi-dimensional analysis of immi-grants’ settlement locations, transportation challenges, and the gendering of transit experiences. The study was based on 9 quali-tative interviews with immigrants living in Toronto and who were recruited through snowballing technique. The interviews generat-ed key insights on the challenges immigrants face with transportation in the city. These include participants’ strong concern for the affordability of public transit, the poor servicing and connectivity of bus networks, and their resulting difficulty in accessing work opportunities across the region. Gendered activities such as grocery shopping and travelling with children were also expressed as a key challenge and were often related to issues of the built environment and lack of accessibility. With the push towards sustain-able forms of transportation and smart growth principles in the political and planning agenda of Toronto and across auto-centric cities in North America, it is important to address social equity in transit expansion. The findings of the study can inform policy and debates on environmental initiatives such as smart growth and rapid transit development in the city.

Bordering on Absurdity: Uniting Environmentalism, Scholarship and Comedy Geo Takach, MacEwan University Two formidable challenges facing environmental advocates today are, first, the human penchant to deny the disquieting (e.g. global warming), and second, the relativism that downplays ecological harm as part of a valid value system (e.g. privileging eco-nomic growth). Both of these factors have suppressed dialogue and corrective action, and defined seemingly impassable borders on ecological issues (e.g. deep divisions around building new pipelines to transport Alberta’s bitumen through other provinces). This paper examines how this most serious global threat, environmental devastation, may be mitigated by the very antithesis of its se-verity—comedy, which boasts a longstanding history of breaking down boundaries by drawing people into communication and ultimately, common action. Adopting a critical perspective on global, hegemonic forces that assert the Progress master narrative as not only paramount but inevitable, this research examines the nascent genre of eco-comedy. This genre, emerging in recent documentary films such as The Yes Men Fix the World and No Impact Man, offers a potential corrective to traditional environmen-talist appeals to guilt and sacrifice that have led even David Suzuki to declare that environmentalism has failed. In analyzing this growing oeuvre as environmental communication, this paper blurs the boundaries of Burke’s Dramatism, Harding and Wood’s Standpoint Theory, and Hall’s Cultural- Studies approach to link comedy to our species’ instinct for survival. It also aims to unite environmental studies, ecological advocacy and comedy as natural allies in a late-breaking effort to bulldoze increasingly rigid borders in the conflict between economic development and environmental protection—ultimately a fatuous conflict that would be hilarious if the consequences of continuing the status quo were not so confoundedly catastrophic. The paper concludes with a case study of the presenter’s eco-comedy, War of the Wild Roses, a theatrical musical about the rising, international dissension over Alberta’s bituminous sands.

Environmental Justice along the Rural-urban Interface Lisa Jean Wallace, York University Environmental justice advocates have done much to foreground the lived experiences and struggles of the racialized, classed, and otherwise marginalized communities so often overlooked in conventional or mainstream environmentalism. Scholars and activists have aptly demonstrated the ways in which corporations, the state, and other groups and individuals rely on and work through environmental discourse and practice to maintain relations of exploitation and discrimination. However, the movement’s traditional emphasis on “urban” and, more recently, “rural” distributional and procedural environmental justice bypasses the messy spaces of rural-urban transition in between, while work on rural-urban transformation and change has so far failed to include a systematic environmental justice critique. In light of these conceptual gaps, this paper begins to probe environmental justice beyond the tradi-tional urban and rural divide to ask: How might one study and practice environmental justice in a space that looks neither fully urban nor fully rural, within which issues and communities cross categorical boundaries, and through which justice can be classified neither fully distributional nor fully procedural? The paper first provides context for the rural-urban transformation and contesta-tion now prevalent in many areas of the world. The following section outlines the traditionally separate subfields of urban and rural environmental justice that have as yet inhibited an environmental justice analysis of the rural-urban interface. Drawing from the fields of rural geography, political ecology, and the more recent branch of urban political ecology, the final portion of the paper begins to integrate urban and rural, city and country, and development and conservation through the lens of capitalist

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urbanization so as to probe the complex imbrication of environmental (in)justice with rural-urban conflict and change. The paper thus blurs the boundaries of physical and conceptual rural and urban space while linking disparate but related academic fields through the nexus of rural-urban environmental justice.

Session 5 - Environment and Resource Management Time: 13:00 – 14:45 Room: Thistle 133

Chair: Joanne Moyer, University of Toronto

From a Pristine Environment to a Managed Environment: The Case of Réunion Island (Southwest of the Indian Ocean) Christian Bouchard, Laurentian University When discovered by the Europeans in the 16th century, Réunion Island was uninhabited and considered to be a tropical paradise where nature was pristine as well as very generous to the mariners who began to visit the island for replenishing, repairs, healing and rest (clean water, sea turtles, Réunion Ibis, etc.). Organized and implemented by France at the end of the 17th century, the permanent colonisation opened a new era of profound environmental changes as agriculture was developed, natural resource exploitation became more and more intensive, as well as by the introduction of a very large number of alien plant and animal species. However, the environmental degradation on the island only became a serious concern in the last decades of the 20th cen-tury, when strong demographic growth as well as the development of a modern and resource intense society were impacting the local environment more than ever before. It is in this context that a generalized environmental consciousness has developed on the island and that environmental manage-ment became a priority for the public authorities. Today, confronted with numerous and serious environmental issues and challeng-es (water, forests, coral reefs, soils, biodiversity, climate change, etc.), the island is entering a new era in which the environment is no longer neglected but valued, prioritized and managed in relation with the island’s quest for sustainable development. But given the actual trends of local and outside factors that influence quite negatively the island’s environment, it is appropriate to analyse the current situation carefully to identify and understand both the benefits and limits of environmental management today and for the coming decades. This paper analyses the historical relation between man and nature in the context of Réunion Island and dis-cusses the challenges of the “managed environment”.

On the Borders of Social Sustainability: Sustainability and Agriculture on the Canadian Prairies Amber Fletcher, University of Regina Sustainability is often described using the well-known metaphor of three “pillars”: environmental sustainability, economic sustaina-bility, and social sustainability. Depending on the context, the complex interactions between these pillars can either facilitate or impede the broader goal of sustainability. Social sustainability is the least clearly articulated of these pillars and, perhaps for this reason, it is often neglected in discussions about sustainability. What is a sustainable society, and what determines whether a soci-ety should be sustained? In this paper, I apply the concept of social sustainability using the example of Canadian prairie agricul-ture. Family farming on the Canadian prairies offers a useful illustration the interconnection between the social, environmental, and eco-nomic aspects of sustainability. In the context of an economic and policy paradigm promoting “economies of scale”, prairie agri-culture is shifting from the small-scale family farms of the late 1800s into a system of extremely large and industrialized family enterprises. With this shift, societies and communities have taken new forms and new approaches to environmental farm practice have emerged. Drawing on my recent qualitative research with farmers in the Canadian prairie province of Saskatchewan, I dis-cuss the changing face of Canadian agriculture and its implications for sustainability. The unique features of the contemporary situation are illustrated through comparison with prairie agriculture in the early 20th Century. I discuss how the new “prairie productivism” has shaped social and environmental practices in the region. I ultimately suggest the importance of the environmen-tal dimension for any definition of “social sustainability”. Drawing some definitional borders around this vague concept can, in fact, remove the boundaries currently limiting its use in numerous geographical contexts.

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Extending Concepts and Practice of State of the Environment Reporting to Biosphere Reserves Claire Kryczka, Queen’s University Global and national sustainability targets need to be backed up by practical approaches to monitoring in order to adequately inform sustainable decision-making. State of the Environment (SOE) Reporting is a method used in adaptive management strate-gies for sustainable development whereby a series of social, environmental, cultural and economic variables are selected and an-alyzed as indicators of the state of a particular region. The reports are utilized to educate stakeholders, organizations, and gov-ernment about the various trends occurring in the region, as well as the causes and impacts of these trends, in order to inform deci-sion-making processes towards sustainability. SOE Reporting takes place on many different spatial and temporal scales, and the numerous ways of developing these reports often mean they lack comparability and are disconnected between regions that have a common interest in achieving sustainable development. This study utilizes the Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve (FAB) located in southeastern Ontario as a case study to examine the impact that SOE Reporting may have within Biosphere Reserves (BRs), and how sharing of knowledge between BRs worldwide may alleviate resource demand, make sustainability assessments a more feasi-ble undertaking, and help align disjointed sustainability reporting approaches. These UNESCO designated regions are ideal geo-graphic locations to expand on the conceptualization of sustainability reporting given their global network presence, and their preexisting mandate to contribute to conservation strategies, encourage sustainable development, and facilitate research and ed-ucation about current local issues. This study involves the development of a SOE Report for the FAB using the pressure-state-response framework and community focus groups to identify indicators, an assessment of the impact of the report within the region through expert and stakeholder feedback mechanisms, and an exploration of how methods may be effectively shared with other BRs to practically apply the case study findings more broadly.

A Framework Study to Unravel the Misting Phenomena in Niagara Falls Samiha Tahseen, University of Toronto Niagara Falls is renowned not only for its beauty but also as a valuable source of hydropower. The river water, partly diverted for hydropower according to 1950 Niagara River Water Diversion Treaty, acts as renewable raw material for the generation facilities on both Canadian and the US side. The falls are visited by 12-14 million people each year generating significant reve-nue as well. However, it has recently experienced increasing number of days with heavily laid mist – a recorded 68 in 2003 com-pared to 29 in 1996. This manuscript addresses this unresolved issue of sudden escalation in over-misty days which may substan-tially impact its revenue generation from tourism industry. It proposes a methodological framework to identify the factors contrib-uting to the high rising mist with the application of modern data mining techniques such as Random Forest, Classification and Re-gression Trees (CART), Expectation Maximization (EM) Clustering etc. When applied to the dataset from existing literature, the results indicate the air-water temperature difference to be the primary contributing factor to over misting. The treaty, when rati-fied in 1950, did not consider the struggle faced by today’s world with the climate change and global warming issues and the expiration of the treaty in 2000 has opened doors for bringing the previously overlooked factors into consideration. In light of this situation, the preservation and sustainable development of Niagara once again necessitates the collaboration between these two neighboring countries which along with protecting the tourism sector may result in greater hydropower potential for both Canada and the US.

Session 6 – Video and Discussion Climate Change: The Next Challenge for Mental Health in the Circumpolar North Time: 15:00 – 16:45 Room: South Block 217

Chair: Ashlee Cunsolo-Wilcox, Cape Breton University Anthropogenic climate change has been an increasing concern for Inuit across Canada, and the rapid environmental changes are disrupting livelihoods and lifestyles for many. Emerging evidence is indicating that climate change may have negative impacts for mental health and well-being, with effects expected to be widespread, cumulative, and unequally distributed. Recognizing this, and building from a pilot study conducted in Rigolet, Nunatsiavut from 2009-2011, the Rigolet Inuit Community Government part-nered with the Community Governments of Nain, Hopedale, Postville, and Makkovik to conduct a regional study on the impacts of climate change on mental health. This research followed a community-based and community-led participatory framework, prem-ised on local understandings of mental health and wellness. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 100 people and 20 health professionals from throughout Nunatsiavut, conducted by Local Research Coordinators, and 18 digital stories created by participants in each community. Participants reported that changes in climate and environment and the resulting disruptions to land activities were a threat to men-tal health and well-being, and led to: intense emotional reactions associated with loss of activities, identity, and sense of place

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(grief, mourning, anxiety, stress, distress); real and potential increases in consumption of drugs and alcohol; potential increases in suicide ideation; and potential to aggravate acute anxiety disorders and major depression. Climate change was also reported to act as a magnifier for other forms of stress and distress and to highlight socio-economic inequalities, leading to further nega-tive ramifications for mental health and well-being. This presentation will discuss the results from this study and screen a digital story. These findings contribute to the emerging re-search on climate change and mental health, and provide a baseline of potential pathways through which climate change may continue to impact on mental health and well-being, not only in the North, but also globally.

Session 7 - Water Quality and Governance Time: 15:00 – 16:45 Room: Thistle 124

Chair: Bradley May, Brock University

Exploring the Relationship between Citizen Science and Systemic Environmental Change in Relation to Water Quality in South Africa Andrea Kolbe, Queen’s University With a growing number of highly complex environmental problems, it is increasingly important to extend expert and specialist knowledge groups to include contributions from local knowledge holders, including community members. Citizen science, which involves everyday citizens in the collection, provision, and/or processing of data, provides an ideal platform in which to extend these knowledge boundaries. As such, this study seeks to investigate how citizen science might contribute to the conservation of water quality in South Africa. Mpophomeni Township, located in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, is used as a case study to better understand the role of citizen science in addressing the water quality challenges currently facing communities throughout the country. The study uses qualitative research methods, including interviews and participant observation, with the aim of contrib-uting to social change research. Methodological emphasis is placed on different forms of knowledge production and contribu-tions from those who fall outside scientific or empirical knowledge traditions. The preliminary results from this study indicate that lack of education and awareness, along with minimal or non-existent governmental support, emerge as key barriers preventing citizen scientists from implementing effective systemic environmental change as it relates to water quality in South Africa.

Water Governance and Community-based Monitoring: A Case Study of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario, Canada Erin Murphy-Mills, Queen’s University The existence of community-based ecosystem monitoring (CBM) activities is a relatively new concept that has been on the rise for the last decade for several reasons, including decreased governmental funding and a growing desire of citizens to participate in environmental planning and protection (Au et al., 2000; Bliss et al., 2001; Sharpe et al., 2000). Involving community volunteers in monitoring programs creates more positive attitudes and behaviour towards the environment, stronger communities engaged in conservation initiatives and ecosystem management, as well as providing financial benefits derived from using volunteers for da-ta collection (Cuthill, 2000; Stokes et al., 1990; Pollock and Whitelaw, 2005). The purpose of my research is to investigate the state of CBM of watersheds and water resources in Southern Ontario, Canada, focusing on the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) land-scape north of the Greater Toronto Area as a case study. The qualitative methods used to obtain this data include interviews with relevant stakeholders from communities, government, and NGOs, as well as a document analysis. The Ontario case study will also be used to compare with community based monitoring in Nova Scotia, as part of a larger initiative called the CURA H2O pro-ject, which looks at streamlining CBM and resource management. Together, the results inform on recent movement by community members and NGOs to challenge traditional boundaries that exist between decision-making and citizens and ways of working beyond these boundaries. Furthermore, results also indicate that there is community-based water monitoring taking place on the ORM, although there are still concerns regarding the usefulness of CBM for decision-making and the structure of these CBM initia-tives are variable in regards to the involvement of NGOs and/or government agencies.

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Communication between Authorities and Citizens on Tap Water Quality in the City of Kumul, Xinjiang Province, China Dilibai Yunusi, University of Manitoba Trusted and effective communication between authorities and public is a benchmark of a modern civil society. The City of Kumul in Xinjiang Province, China is a region fraught with political, social, and cultural tensions, which spill over into public concerns about water. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of communication between Kumul’s authorities and the public regarding drinking water quality, use, and services. Local jurisdictions’ declarations and perceptions around drinking water were examined to study authorities’ practice in providing tap water. As well, local residents’ attitudes on tap water were accessed to observe their consumption practices at home. Primary data were collected by means of consulting local water experts and inter-viewing 65 urban households. The results revealed disconnect between authorities and the public, particularly around tap water quality. The authorities claimed that the quality of Kumul’s drinking water reached national guidelines, however, 74% of urban population would not drink their tap water directly, with the majority (94%) boiling water before consumption to improve the quality. A top-down management approach was implemented in Kumul’s institutional structure, with residential committees as grassroots organizations. The study suggests that the most trusted and effective channel for authorities and the public to communi-cate is the residential committees. Yet in Kumul, residential committees are still at a primary stage and have the potential to im-prove their communication capacity.

Session 8 - Environmental Education Time: 15:00 – 16:45 Room: Thistle 133

Chair: Marcia Ruby, Alternatives Journal (A\J) - CANADA'S ENVIRONMENTAL VOICE

Fact or (Science) Fiction? Using SF as Educational Tools for Ecoliteracy Velta Douglas, University of Toronto What can we learn about ecoliteracy from science fiction (SF)? Instead of far-fetched predictions about human life after environ-mental crisis, viewing the genre as ‘thought experiments’ of possible ecological futures can describe consequences of society’s envi-ronmental decisions. Applying an ecoliteracy lens to science fiction provides insightful lessons about peoples’ current environmental actions and values that can impact both public schooling and adult education for sustainability. Textbooks used in formal science curriculum often tend to trail behind the cutting edges of scientific research, treating many concepts as ‘finished’ when they are in fact still debated in scientific journals and journalism. After leaving the public system, non-fiction texts have popularized environ-mental issues, such as Rachel Carson’s seminal Silent Spring, but tend to moralize and prosecute to drive home the message. As well as exploring conceptual territory of new scientific breakthroughs missing in public education, SF novels opens a powerful im-aginative space to think about difficult information and resist dominant ideologies. Science fiction reaches beyond boundaries, through popular TV, movies, and translations of novels. Paolo Bacigalupi’s award-winning novel The Windup Girl reveals three key environmental themes – material throughput, energy resources and neoliberalism. Using ecoliteracy as a framework, analysis of these three themes showcases how science fiction can provide environmental learning missing from public and adult education.

Awakening the Dreamer, Changing the Dream: A Global Environmental Education Initiative Mark Hathaway, University of Toronto Since 2005, the U.S.-based NGO The Pachamama Alliance has been carrying out a global adult environmental education initia-tive employing its “Awakening the Dreamer” symposiums. Over 100,000 people in approximately fifty nations have taken part in these symposiums (led by over three thousand volunteer facilitators). This is therefore an authentically global initiative that trans-cends borders, and indeed an unstated assumption of the initiative is that our response to the global ecological crisis must be both locally-based and internationally networked. The initiative’s goals are to enable participants to become more fully aware of the worldview that underlies modern industrial growth societies; to critically examine the often unconscious, unexamined assumptions underlying this worldview; to assess and appreciate the extraordinary potential for transformation at this juncture in history; and to empower participants to become actively involved as agents for change seeking to bring forth a more “environmentally sustain-able, spiritually fulfilling, [and] socially just human presence on the planet” (The Pachamama Alliance, 2010). This paper examines the history, goals, philosophy, and methodological approaches of the Awakening the Dreamer initiative with-in a broader theoretical framework of ecological worldviews education. In so doing, it also explores the significance of this move-ment and its strengths, as well as some of its potential limitations and challenges. The paper concludes that, while there is a real limit to what can be accomplished within the context of a short (half to one day) workshop, this initiative nonetheless has significant value as one step in a broader process of education, engagement, and empowerment.

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ESAC Annual General Meeting Time: 17:00 – 17:30 Room: South Block 217

Chairs: Shirley Thompson and Chris Ling Agenda to be circulated at the AGM.

ESAC Wine and Cheese Reception, Poster Competition and Awards Time: 17:30 – 19:00 Room: Plaza 401 Atrium

This is an opportunity to network and catch up with colleagues, view research posters, and celebrate the ECO-award and poster award presentations. Enjoy all of this while sipping on Niagara wine and sampling appetizers. Enjoy appetizers and your first drink on ESAC. Cash bar is available (please note that there is no Interac available).

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Day 2: May 28, 2014

Thinkers Beyond Boundaries Series, Ryan Plummer Resilience thinking: An Integrative Perspective to Navigate Environmental Change and Governance Time: 7:45 – 9:00 Room: Sankey Chambers

Ryan Plummer discusses "resilience thinking," an emerging approach to help understand social-ecological systems. It encourages a dynamic and integrative perspective beyond conventional disciplinary boundaries. Conceptual and applied insights help us to un-derstand, navigate, and govern contemporary challenges, which are characterized by rapid change, uncertainty, and complexity across scales.

Keynote Speaker, Nancy Doubleday Transdisciplinarity for Peace and Sustainability: Border-crossing Challenges for Global Citizens Time: 9:15 – 10:15 Room: South Block 203

A provocative and wide-ranging exploration of our understanding of the transformatory power of transdisciplinary research in theory and practice, of making sense of change in social-cultural-ecological systems and of our attempts to situate our research, ethics, and relationships within the broader struggles for peace, health, sustainability and justice.

Session 9 - Panel Discussion The Transition Emerging Study: Exploring Resilience, Equity and the Development of Ecological Social Practices Time: 10:30 – 12:15 Room: Sankey Chambers

Chair: Chris Ling, Royal Roads University Participants: Randy Haluza-Delay, King's University College - Practice theory and the Transition Movement in Canada: An overview of the Tran-

sition Emerging Study's theory and methods Blake Poland, University of Toronto - The Transition Movement in the Canadian Context: Preliminary Findings from a National Sur-

vey and Interviews with Movement (Co-)founders Rivka Kushner and Rebecca Hasdell, University of Toronto - Food in Transition: Exploring the centrality and meaning of food

among Canadian Transition initiatives Sally Ludwig, Founder of Transition Guelph and TES Movement Advisory Member - Transition Guelph Summary: North America is entering a period of significant change characterized by a changing climate, mounting energy insecurity, unprec-edented ecosystem degradation, and widening socioeconomic inequalities. These concerns pose significant challenges for the or-ganization of social life, which some environmental/social movements have taken on with gusto. ‘Transition Towns’ are one such movement that seeks to build community resilience through the re-localization of basic needs while emphasizing opportunities for greater social connectedness and celebration. This place-based approach to sustainability has the potential to address trans-boundary environmental challenges in the context of local assets and opportunities. Our pre-organized panel delivers findings from a mixed-methods investigation of the emergence of the Transition movement in Canada. The Transition Emerging Study (TES) employs a ‘practice theory’ perspective to produce a contextualized account of the Transition movement while describing the con-ditions that support and normalize locally grounded, sustainable and equitable social relations. Specifically, the panel will include three presentations from TES team members that: [1] introduce the Transition model, the rationale behind our study, and the study’s theory and methods; [2] present preliminary findings from interviews with movement founders and e-surveys with movement par-ticipants; and [3] take-up and analyze the centrality of food to the Transition movement. A fourth panel presentation will be giv-en by a local Transition Initiative founder to (a) share a local example of movement work in progress, and (b) offer reactions to the research, thereby promoting dialogue between research and practice. By integrating the experiences of our interdisciplinary research team with the lived experience of Transition, we therefore explore how moving beyond disciplinary and social bounda-ries can offer insight into the power of building resilience through social movements.

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Session 10 - Rural and Agriculture Studies Time: 10:30 – 12:15 Room: Thistle 124

Chair: Marcia Ruby, Alternatives Journal (A/J) - CANADA’S ENVIRONMENTAL VOICE

Understanding the Influence of Farmers’ Landscape Perceptions and Values on Farming Practices in a Rural Farming Community in Nova Scotia Aiswarya Baskaran, Dalhousie University Agriculture activities are dependent on water availability. In turn, water resources are impacted by agricultural activities. Several agri-environmental outreach programs aim to improve water use efficiency in agriculture and reduce the impact of agricultural practices on water bodies. Previous research has demonstrated the importance of socio-economic factors in determining success of agri-environmental programs. However, it has also been recognized that farmers’ perceptions and values are significant contribu-tors to the success of outreach programs. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how farmers perceive the role of their farm within a watershed, and how they attribute values and services to different water bodies. This research focuses on a small farming commu-nity, the Musquodoboit Valley, located within the Musquodoboit River Watershed in Nova Scotia, Canada. Using semi-structured interviews and map elicitation, we studied farmer perceptions of the watershed and the services and values attributed to water bodies. Based on preliminary analysis, it was identified that farmers demonstrate an understanding of the link between their farm practices and watershed conditions. Using the Ecosystem Goods and Services framework (MEA, 2005), it was identified that farm-ers attribute “provisioning” services to the Musquodoboit River, for provision of water and “supporting” services for formation of new soil, and considered flooding as a disservice. An inductive approach will be used to derive themes related to farmer ascribed values to water bodies and landscape perceptions. In conclusion, the impact of values and perceptions on farmers’ land manage-ment decisions will be analyzed. The results of this research will inform agricultural extension programs.

Exploring Cow/Calf Producer Perspectives on Environmental Protection and Using Genomics for Me-thane Emission Reductions Anna Kessler, University of Alberta The beef industry, and its potential for local and global environmental impacts, is growing with increased worldwide demand. This industry is also presented with a number of impact reduction options, some of which are widely adopted. An emerging impact re-duction option involves using genomics to breed for methane emission reductions through more efficient digestion (Herrero et al, 2013). The objective of the study is to determine cow/calf producers’ perspectives on this particular technological means of reduc-ing environmental impacts. Cow/calf producers often have smaller herds that forage, suggesting lower emissions from this sector than from feedlots. However, cow/calf producers make breeding decisions that impact the genetic makeup of the majority of cat-tle in the industry and thereby impact possible emission reductions. A focused ethnography was used to study the cow/calf pro-ducer subsection of the Albertan population. Individual, semi structured interviews and an electronic survey were used to discuss, measure, and analyse producer perspectives, experiences, and characteristics related to this objective. The findings of this re-search suggest that many cow/calf producers currently focus on mitigating local environmental impacts that are intimately connect-ed to the sustainability of their operations. Many expressed a deep appreciation for and acknowledgement of reliance on the natural environment. However, most considered the GHG emissions from cattle to be negligible. As such, consideration of local impacts, such as the interaction of cattle with their environment, may take precedence over concerns with GHG emission when de-ciding whether or not to adopt genomics-assisted selective breeding for increased feed efficiency. Evidence of success as well as intra-industry demand for this use of genomics would be required prior to widespread acceptance by cow/calf producer decision-makers. Both beef and the environmental impacts from its production cross borders worldwide. As such, understanding producer decision-making may contribute to both industry and global environmental sustainability.

Growing Together: Cultivating Community through Gardening in Kenora, Ontario Robert Moquin, University of Manitoba Community gardening cultivates social capital and creates landscapes through which environmental perception and civic roles are transformed. This thesis research was conducted in partnership with the Kenora Association for Community Living and explores community gardening, social capital, ecological citizenship, and cross-cultural collaboration in Kenora. Photovoice was the primary method of data collection, supported by participant observation and follow-up interviews. Thirteen participants of various abili-ties, and representing both Aboriginal and settler society, were identified in collaboration with my community partner and other organizations involved in the local gardening community. Participants photographed and described their garden community, pre-

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scribed areas for actionable change, and communicated their results in a public exhibit. Results from narrative analysis of pho-tovoice, interview, and observation data show strong evidence of social bonding with family and friends through gardening. So-cial bridging does occur among gardeners and between gardeners and the larger community, yet it remains a clear priority. Current and would-be gardeners are looking for ways to get connected, learn from each other, and collaborate on promoting gardening in their communities. As ecological citizens, gardeners understand the social and ecological aspects of their communi-ties, and many possess a wealth of knowledge. Through sharing, cooperating and co-learning, community gardeners enhance food security, build community capacity, care for their environments, and manage natural resources. Drawing from the expert opinion of participants, this research celebrates successes while encouraging greater investment in urban gardening and garden networks to improve connectivity and resource sharing. Potential projects include incorporating more gardens in public space, mapping the garden landscape, initiating a community garden tour, or partnering on more, particularly cross-cultural, garden-related activities and programming.

Session 11 - Social-ecological Resilience Time: 13:15 – 15:00 Room: Sankey Chambers

Chair: Julia Baird, Brock University

Modelling Social-Ecological Systems using Network Theory and Active Adaptive Management Eric Desjardins, University of Western Ontario Sustainability researchers commonly emphasize the importance of building resilient Social-Ecological Systems (SESs). But to dis-cover whether promoting resilient SESs will foster durable, equitable and harmonious relationships among humans and between humans and the rest of nature, we need to specify what SESs are and what factors affect their resilience. Despite valuable work on resilience in ecological and social systems, we are still far from understanding what constitutes SESs. The complexity of such entities makes their study and representation especially difficult. We draw on a conceptual analysis of the framework developed by defenders of the “resilient SES” view to explore what could improve understanding of SESs. We concur with others that close collaboration between researchers and practitioners through active adaptive management plays a key role, but go further to explore the importance of adopting representational tools capable of grasping the complex relationships between diverse social and ecological factors. The heuristic model of a system as a ball travelling on a rugged landscape, still prominent in this literature, is intuitive but limited. We suggest that the representational framework of network theory could provide a useful approach for progressing toward a better understanding of SESs. In particular, representing SESs as networks of human institutions and ecological processes facili-tates the exploration of the relation between social-ecological diversity (diversity of social and ecological nodes and of their interactions) and resilience (the capacity of SESs to adjust to change and maintain structural and functional integrity). Active adaptive management, which takes interventions as experiments, can be used as a tool for constructing network models of SESs. Despite wide uptake of the notion of the SES as bridging the divide between the human and the natural, this synthesis is far from complete. Making substantial progress will require strengthening connections across boundaries between disciplines, and between theory and practice.

Denial of Deteriorating Health and Environment Issues through Social Hierarchy in Shanghai, China Katlyn Kishxu, University of Waterloo Power of a government can be strengthened within a society through a strong social hierarchy. Social hierarchy is nested within rapidly changing ecosystems, creating complex reciprocal relationships between the two systems. Research was conducted in Shanghai to uncover ways in which local social hierarchy has impacted health and well-being of elderly citizens amongst a rapid-ly changing environment. Soft systems methodology (SSM) was employed utilizing techniques such as open ended interviews, rich pictures, human activity systems and content analysis. While literature suggests that participants should experience a decline in health and environmental conditions the results were conflicting. There were no reports of health issues associated with environ-mental degradation or reports of developing environmental issues. Retired participants were defensive of the government in its ability to keep the population and environment healthy. Analysis shows that the retired subgroup’s opinion may be highly influ-enced by the nested social hierarchy via media. This indicates that government policy and action is leading, not only to issues of health but also, to systemic denial of health and environment issues in the population. The nested social hierarchy is negatively impacting the health and environment of participants with participant consent due to complacency and conditioning via media control.

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Exploring Commonality and Diversity in Adaptive Co-management: A Social-ecological Inventory of Two Canadian Biosphere Reserves Kerrie Pickering, Brock University Innovative platforms that embrace uncertainty and complexity are required to address ecosystem integrity and human wellbeing. UNESCO Biosphere Reserves are designated sites with functions of conservation, sustainable development, and research, educa-tion and monitoring. Biosphere Reserves and these functions correspond with the emerging approach of adaptive co-management. It emphasizes learning (adaptation) and collaboration in multi-stakeholder processes to build adaptive capacity and nurture resilience. Diversity is a critical factor of adaptive capacity and requisite for addressing change. This study explores diversity in the Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve and the Georgian Bay Biosphere Reserve. A social-ecological inventory of stakeholders actively engaged with the Biosphere Reserve was conducted to gain insights about diversity of key actors involved. Diversity was explored in terms of the attributes of the stakeholders and their values, motivations, perceptions, activities and con-cerns. The inventory illuminates distinctiveness among stakeholders as well as complementarity. The Biosphere Reserves thus pro-vide valuable insights into the delicate interplay between ‘sufficient commonality’ and diversity for building adaptive capacity.

Battening Down the Hatches: Lessons for Social-ecological Resilience on Canada’s East Coast Stephanie Sodero, Memorial University

In recent years, record‐breaking hurricanes made landfall in Newfoundland (Igor 2010) and Nova Scotia (Juan 2003). In recog-

nition of the hurricanes’ severity, the names ‘Juan’ And ‘Igor’ were retired by the World Meteorological Organization. Social‐ecological Systems were profoundly disrupted with states of emergency declared in both provinces. In particular, transportation infrastructure, often located in vulnerable coastal settings, was severely damaged disrupting emergency services, commercial op-erations, and personal transport. In the storms’ immediate aftermath, alternate (im)mobility Networks emerged. However, Recon-struction efforts largely focused on reconnecting established networks with marginal consideration for climate change adaptation. Drawing on qualitative research findings, I explore the social and ecological dynamics at play in terms of both short-term coping mechanisms and long-term policy implications.

Session 12 - Enhancing Community Vitality Time: 13:15 – 15:00 Room: Thistle 124

Chair: Ella Haley, Athabasca University

Three Projects to Re-define Sustainability without Boundaries through an Embodied Framework Susan Aaron, University of Toronto I use an embodied framework to clarify and advance the replacement of ‘environment’ as a fixed set of actions, with ongoing created and interconnected physical actions, integrated with the social. I envision a sustainable fully local lived life that must re-spond to existent worldviews of technologies and systemic avoidances of the local. I grow actions that disregard geographic boundaries and yet paradoxically require the responsibilities of those who protect life within them. I provide a flexible frame-work for discourse and practice by allowing academia and communities to enter into relationships of interconnected creativity. As facilitator, artist, researcher, community participant, I present three case studies as three differing locales based on my ongoing participation in them. The first is set in a restoration ravine in Toronto in which I have worked for fifteen years. I lead a yearly Jane’s Walk assisted by artists and professionals to incite creative ‘building’ of indigenous nature. The project is a transdisciplinary political ecology across communities. The second was an arts based residency at the University of Alberta. I grew up in Edmonton, attended its uni-versity and return yearly to walk its river valley and incite sustainability. Art based researchers, graduate students, faculty and a river themed NGO creatively dialogued the connection of natural environment as a locale. The endpoint was an installation of cultural junctures for connection. The final project is the University of Toronto and a discourse about communication and sustaina-bility that I have been involved in for 20 odd years. I ask an undergraduate class in women’s studies to revisit online discourse using a sustainable embodied framework that queries the primacy of a locale. A critical review of Internet usage by and about ‘women’ asks about the relationship of systemically held geographically linked relationships online while advancing a sustainable lived locale.

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The Enhancement of Community Vitality through Multi-functional Restoration of Post-industrial Landscape Chris Ling, Royal Roads University Post-industrial landscapes have a resonance that stretches into both the past and the future. The communities around post-industrial land often have deep social and cultural roots that connect them to the place as a result of often generations of employment. Changing this connection will have an impact on the vitality and quality of life of the community. Typical regeneration processes focus on one aspect of the landscape. Most often this is the economic recovery (often even more restricted to job creation), but it can just as easily be ecological restoration that seeks to replicate a facsimile of pre-existing ecologies. Neither of these ap-proaches, or any other restoration focused on a single end-use, takes into account the multi-functional nature of landscapes and thus reduces the complexity of relationship between the local community and that landscape. Approaching restoration or regener-ation in a way that treats the past legacy as part of the “ecology” of the place, and integrates these characteristics into new landscapes, increases the potential for vitality. These notions will be explored using examples of implicitly multifunctional ap-proaches demonstrating that they enhance local communities and contribute to community vitality in ways that are not possible in situations where single function approaches are taken.

Dendroremediation of Brownfield sites Barry Neal Johnson, Wayne State University Dendroremediation is a subset of Phytoremediation. The use of plant materials to extract or neutralize toxic substances in the ground. Dendroremediation uses trees to accomplish this. The Greening of Detroit proposed to the EPA a project that would gen-erate guidelines for Dendroremediation of brownfield sites in Detroit. The proposal was accepted and Greening is in the second year of this project. It is not without problems. I would like to present the history of this project, successes and failures, personnel changes midstream, drought, change of ownership on project sites, miscommunication with stakeholders, sharing sites with guerilla gardeners and mechanical damage. Willow and Poplar cuttings are being used to extract or neutralize the toxic substances. Short cuttings were initially used in 2012. The drought that ensued that year meant many test cutting did not survive. Certain hybrids of the cuttings had a higher attrition rate that others. Private property that was planted with an assurance that the project would go to completion was removed from the project for development. Stakes and signage that delineated planting plots was removed by guerilla gardeners for their use causing weed mowing to destroy many planted cuttings. Improper initial planting methods caused many cuttings to die. Community outreach was not successful in identifying the needs of the surrounding households. Having to replant many plots let us refine our planting methods for more success in survival rates. Site identification and selection techniques have improved in the se-cond year. The pitfalls of poor community engagement are a lesson well learned for future sites.

UNIBUG: Engaging Bugs and Engaging People – The Ups and Downs of Engaging People Veronica Wahl, Douglas College The User Network for Insect Biology in the Urban Garden (UNIBUG) Project is a citizen science project that engages community volunteers in learning more about the ecology of urban gardens, with a focus on beneficial insects. Growing from 30 volunteers in our first monitoring season in the summer of 2011 to over 300 volunteers in the summer of 2013, this paper reviews the different aspects of working in a citizen science project, both from the perspective of our volunteers and for the project as a whole. The work is situated in the context of environmental volunteerism and also public participation in scientific research and so draws on literature from these and other areas of research. The UNIBUG volunteers are an integral part of the project. These individuals collect data and communicate with others about the project, often recruiting people through their enthusiasm and interest. The largest challenge of working with the volunteers is to balance creating opportunities for meaningful engagement with available resources (largely time and money). Surveys of the UNIBUG volunteers suggest that their motivations for and limitations on partici-pation are multifaceted. The surveys generally indicate that our volunteers are enjoying their UNIBUG Experiences. The UNIBUG Project draws heavily on both the natural and social sciences to build partnerships between layperson volunteers and professional researchers. As such, the UNIBUG Project challenges boundaries between disciplines and ideas of ‘who can do science’. For exam-ple, our volunteers, who have ranged in age from 2.5 years to over 80 years, come from a variety of backgrounds, gardening experiences, and previous knowledge of science but have shown competency in the UNIBUG protocols and procedures. Overall, UNIBUG demonstrates that professionals and community volunteers can work in partnership to gather meaningful data and create rewarding experiences for all.

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Session 13 – Social Learning and Engagement Time: 15:15 – 17:00 Room: Sankey Chambers

Chair: Marcia Ruby, Alternatives Journal (A\J) - CANADA'S ENVIRONMENTAL VOICE

Learning about Resilience; Learning for Resilience Julia Baird, Brock University The concept of resilience is increasingly recognized as a way of thinking about the dynamics of social-ecological systems. Resili-ence is defined as the capacity of a system to persist, or transform, in response to disturbances. It draws attention to both known and unknown disturbances at multiple scales and across borders. Learning is emphasized in responding (adapting or transforming) to uncertainty and complexity associated with dynamic systems. While resilience thinking has advanced conceptually, experiences with employing resilience practice ‘on the ground’ are only starting to emerge, particularly in the context of watershed govern-ance. This study measures learning by participants in a ‘resilience analysis workshop’ that introduced resilience and related con-cepts from a watershed perspective in two case studies: the Cowichan Watershed in British Columbia and the Hammond River Watershed in New Brunswick. A threefold typology of cognitive, normative, and relational learning types was used. Baseline in-formation was collected prior to the start of the workshops and again at their conclusion using closed questions and concept maps that probed the three learning types. Open ended, reflective questions were administered to both groups approximately six months after the workshops to assess long-term learning effects. Results from case studies are compared and similarities and dif-ferences are presented. Results indicate that learning occurred as a result of the workshops and links between learning and resili-ence at the watershed scale are discussed.

Looking Back and Looking Forward: Approaches to Participatory Video for Social and Environmental Change in Rural Canada Ataharul Chowdhury, University of Guelph Participatory video (PV) is a process of engaging marginalized rural clients (e.g. resource-poor female farmers, pastoralists, natu-ral resources users and landless farm labourers) in groups by articulating their individual and collective voices, skills and develop-ing contents through filming (Shaw & Robertson, 1997; Lie & Mandler, 2009). The genre of PV-mediated communication ap-proaches emerged out of the historical legacy of PV in Canadian rural and remote areas in the work of extension workers at Me-morial University and the National Film Board known as Fogo Process (Crocker, 2003). Efforts to map out the narratives of PV-mediated environmental and social change process in rural Canada are anecdotal or largely absent. Drawing on experiences in rural and remote areas of Canada where community media plays an essential role in community life, this paper highlights ap-proaches of PV and video-mediated communication used to facilitate communication in the context of social and environmental crises. The pioneering work of the Fogo Process showed potential use of PV in facilitating local dialogue among provincial and federal policymakers and empowering fishing communities facing resettlement away from Fogo Islands, Newfoundland in the 1960s (Newhook, 2009). Subsequent narratives of PV have been increasingly associated with the social and environmental change in other parts of the rural Canada. PV has been used to bridge the digital divide in Northwestern Ontario, and enhance participation of marginalized communities in social and environmental policy-making (Ferreira et al., 2009). Video is also part of the Idle No More1 movement mobilizing many First Nations and Canadians disillusioned with life conditions and social justice for aboriginal people. In Manitoba PV has been used to tell the stories of food and flooding injustices against First Nations and to demand a change in government policy where policy barriers prevent community development. Various approaches employed in subsequent genres of PV in rural Canada are driven by power and social exclusion and include scripted and unscripted video for engaging communities in processes of learning and empowerment, and embedded use of video within social networking campaigns. There is often challenge of going beyond the citizen media efforts, which are similar to PV when they employ community-organizing principles with video. We argue that PV is somewhat distinct because the goal is not to support individual and personal disclosure, rather it includes collective disclosure of oppression and social movement. As such, the participants are the ‘first producers and editors’ of their own emic narratives.

Transitioning to a More Sustainable Society: Unpacking the Learning-Action Nexus Joanne Moyer, University of Toronto Individual learning and action are imperative for a transition to a more sustainable society. Transformative learning theory has become a common theory for considering learning in the context of sustainability, but it does not offer a sufficient account of the relationship between learning and subsequent action. This presentation combines the findings from two very different qualitative

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research projects and draws together their insights on the learning-action relationship. One project explored learning for sustaina-bility among the staff of faith-based organizations doing environmental and development work in Kenya, employing a series of interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. The other project sought to gain a better understanding of the role of trans-formative learning in individuals’ transition to a more sustainable lifestyle, in particular in relation to clothing, through surveys, jour-nals, life-grids and interviews. Key emerging themes include: the potential for action on sustainability through individual learning; the cyclic relationship between learning and action; the association between instrumental and communicative learning and action; barriers that prevent learning from being expressed in action; and, ways of overcoming these barriers. This knowledge contributes to our growing understanding of the role played by the domains of transformative learning in inspiring and guiding action for sustainability and will help us to contend with the boundaries constraining individuals' ability to take action for a more sustainable world.

Session14 – Dimensions of Fisheries Time: 15:15 – 17:00 Room: Thistle 124

Chair: Ashlee Cunsolo Wilcox, Cape Breton University

Motivation for the viability of the lobster fishery in the Northumberland Strait Omer Chouinard, University of Moncton The lobster fishing industry in the Northumberland Strait has experienced some decline in the past decade. Although some conser-vation measures have been implemented, the stocks may be at risk. In this case study, we focus on the different aspects that should be considered when conservation management of a resource is considered. This includes understanding the motivation of industry stakeholders, particularly fishermen, in function of the need for an integrated and sustainable approach to this vital industry for the Atlantic Canada. Here, we examine the three following issues: Concepts of research: i)the concept of the social representations that should be considered to guide the conservation measures of the main industry players of the lobster fishery; ii) the importance of the integration of the various components of this fishery such as the industry pressures (measures of ecological certification), the state of the ecosystem and lobster population (larval recruit-ment) that may or may not encourage players to adopt best practices that take into account the precautionary principle; and iii) the need for a new approach that takes into consideration the development of the territory while overlapping the pressures on the industry and the ecosystemic approach where the notion of territory differs. Methodology: This presentation reflects on available scientific data from the literature, databases on inventory management of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) and information previously published from concerned key sectors informants (fishermen, processors). We will compare information from key industry representatives on the Northumberland Strait District 25 with a look at 26 districts A and B in Cape Breton and 23 A and B of the Bay of Chaleur where voluntary restrictive conservation measures such as increasing the size of the lobster carapace have experienced some success. Discussion: This case study transposes the global concerns at the local scale where challenges must be dealt through we believe a consensus that will balance the various types of representations and integrate them in the issues of territorial development and ecosystem management for a better sustainability of the resource. Through a conservation strategy that is socially acceptable for the stakeholders, it is predicted that fishing would be more suited to the environmental changes and therefore more resilient across its territory. Since 2000 fishers have to deal with climate changes which affect the quality of lobster. The main conclusion brings some ideas on what are the ingredients that should be considered to successfully ensure the sustainabil-ity of the coastal communities and their ecosystems. The relevance of the presentation is linked to the lobster trade between the two countries.

Overcoming Shared Problems among Resource Users: Co-management of Shrimp Aquaculture in Northwestern Sri Lanka Eranga Galappaththi, University of Manitoba Much of natural resource management assumes that the predominant interactions among users are competition. However, collabo-ration is often necessary in resource management for varies reasons. Shrimp/prawn aquaculture in northwestern Sri Lanka practis-es collaborative management through a mixed commons regime of private, communal, and government management. The purpose of this paper is (1) to understand the reasons behind collaborative management and (2) the regulatory mechanism by which co-management is carried out. We examined shrimp aquaculture operations in three coastal communities, using a case study

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approach. Water for shrimp ponds is the key input and common-pool resource (CPR) for shrimp farming. It is obtained from an interconnected water body which is used by almost all the farmers. In the past, when this water body was not managed as CPR, shrimp disease outbreaks spread and threatened the survival of all farming operations. As of 2012, the water body is managed as a CPR by adopting a zonal crop calendar system. Shrimp farmers defend themselves from the spread of disease by co-operating with each other to adjust the timing of water intake and wastewater release. Annual zonal crop calendar is developed and implemented by the vertically integrated institutional structure with three levels (sub-zonal/community, zonal, and national). At the community level, shrimp farmers’ associations are monitored and supported by government extension officers. At the national level, a joint body of government and sector association acts as a collaborative decision making body. The feedback from farm-ers are transmitted vertically through community (sub-zonal) and zonal associations to the top (national) level. Partnerships, and overall sharing of power and authority are vital features of this collaborative management. We discuss if the arrangements in Sri Lanka’s shrimp aquaculture can be identified as formal or de jure co-management, or informal or de facto co-management.

International Law and Sustainability in Fishery Stocks: The Case of Hong Kong Berry Hsu, University of Hong Kong The rapid decline in fishery stocks is a global environmental concern. Among the factors contributing to the demise of fishery stocks are fishery subsidies and inadequate fishery management. Some fishery subsidies have promoted unsustainable fishing practices. Whether a subsidy is good or bad depends on its context. Other fishery subsidies may encourage sustainable fisheries with sound management techniques and promote environmentally friendly techniques revitalizing the coastal societies that rely on fishery. The Hong Kong Government has implemented artificial reef program to promote biodiversity and has been subsidizing aquaculture. Artificial reefs encourage the growth and development to many marine organisms. Aquaculture serves to preserve the fishery stocks in the ocean. Fish farmers have an economic incentive to maintain a healthy supply of fish. However, one major environmen-tal issue associated with aquaculture is the eutrophication of coastal waters posing threats to the biodiversity. This paper first addresses the legitimacy of fishery subsidies under international trade law, such as the World Trade Organization agreements, and then discusses the fishery subsidies in Hong Kong context. It analyses the effect of international trade laws on environmental protection based on a model of competing values in developing aquaculture policies. The applicable international trade law may also be utilized to establish a sustainable environment. As a conclusion, the Hong Kong Government should also weigh the advantages of observing international environmental laws, such as United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, over the possibility of having countermeasures imposed under international trade law. The successful implementation of these poli-cies would balance supply distortions by shifting fishing activities into environmentally friendly aquaculture and would, at the same time, contribute to the restoration of the Hong Kong's fishery stocks.

President’s Reception Time: 17:00 – 19:00 Room: Congress Centre/Expo (Ian Beddis Gymnasium)

The President’s Receptions, hosted by Brock University, are a long-standing Congress tradition and an excellent networking oppor-tunity. Registered attendees receive one free beverage ticket with their registration package and are encouraged to attend. Ex-po will remain open during the President’s reception, to allow guests the opportunity to browse.

Pecha Kucha Night Time: 20:00 – 21:30 Room: Cairns 200 Atrium

The organizers of the CAG (Canadian Association of Geographers), CCA (Canadian Communication Association), and ESAC are co-hosting this evening event. Our goal is to provide a highly structured, yet immensely entertaining evening where students and others have six minutes and forty seconds to present information on an aspect of their academic career that is very important to them. A cash bar and light snacks will be available at this event (please note that Interac will not be available). What is a Pecha Kucha? Visit: www.pechakucha.org/faq Examples of Pecha Kucha presentations can also be found at: www.pechakucha.org/watch

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Using Map Elicitation Interviews to Capture Farmer Perceptions of Ecosystem Services Aiswarya Baskaran, Dalhousie University (CAG) Kate Sherren, Dalhousie University Agriculture is a resource based industry that is highly dependent on water availability. In turn, water resources and associated Ecosystem services can be impacted by agricultural activities. In recent years, there is considerable interest in understanding the spatial, temporal, and dynamic nature of Ecosystem Services. Moreover, there is considerable interest in understanding stakehold-er perceptions of Ecosystem Service delivery. In this study, we particularly focus on farmer perceptions of Ecosystem Services and Dis-services. It is important to study farmer perceptions since, farmers are important beneficiaries of Ecosystem Services and have the capacity to impact ecosystems. We focus on a small farming community, the Musquodoboit Valley located within Nova Scotia, Canada. Using map-based elicitation and semi-structured interviews, we captured farmer perceptions of the different services and dis-services offered by water bodies. Through preliminary analysis of our interview data, we have identified that farmers attributed “provisioning” services to the River, for it provides fertile soil to adjacent agricultural land. Further analysis aims to cap-ture the Ecosystem service flows and the management practices that influence the delivery of these services. Findings from this re-search will help us understand how farmers perceive water bodies surrounding their farm and their willingness to conserve these water bodies.

Near and Far: Exploring the Small Things Hidden in Big Maps Chris Brackley, As the Crow Flies Cartography (CCA) This presentation will showcase 10 maps, with two slides for each map. The first will be a detailed area highlighting an interest-ing nugget of information or a beautiful pattern. The second will be a view of the entire map, showing the context from which the detail came. I will focus on some of the large floor maps (11 x 8 m) I've produced for Canadian Geographic in the last few years, as well as poster maps and various 3D renderings.

A Framework of Methodology for Examining Energy Literacy Runa Das, Ryerson University (ESAC) Canadian households rely on energy to heat, cool, light their homes, heat domestic water, and operate appliances. Although these needs are largely unavoidable, rising levels of greenhouse gas emissions makes energy conservation an integral part of our ener-gy future. Increasing energy conservation at the household level by influencing occupant behaviour change is an ideal strategy: behaviours performed voluntarily are typically strong and the associated costs for behavioural programs are generally lower in comparison to other tools such as technology. In order to apply effective behavioural strategies more work on occupant level vari-ables is needed. This research therefore seeks to address an under examined area of research with the following objectives: 1) establish criteria for measuring energy literacy; and 2) develop a valid and reliable quantitative instrument to measure energy literacy. Energy literacy will be broadly defined and then, more specifically, using other literacy frameworks. These frameworks as well as expert consultation will help determine benchmarks and question development. The questionnaire will go through rounds of pilot testing. The first pilot will be an item pilot, which will help determine items for retention and examine the number of subscales that result after analysis. Both statistical and qualitative criteria will be used to determine item retention/rejection. Retained items will be administered to another sample in order to once again examine questionnaire items as well as instrument validity and reliabil-ity. Statistical methods associated with factor analysis will be used to dictate the development of this instrument.

Alt-Transport Movements of the 1890s Michael Dorn, Stony Brook University (CCA) Tim Cresswell (On the Move), and Glen Norcliffe (Ride to Modernity) have directed the attention of mobilities researchers to so-cial movements on behalf of non-dominant transit and transportation modalities. A cultural geographer by training, at the CCA- and ESAC-sponsored pecha kucha evening I propose to highlight early initiatives to improve travel and trade in Great Lakes re-gion of Canada and the United States. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, wheelmen (and wheelwomen) on both sides of the border allied with canal interests to improve local and regional travel. Images to be featured in the talk include a tourists' guidebook published by the Niagara Falls Advertiser in 1899, and a "side path map" published by the New York State Division of the League of American Wheelmen a year later.

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Wildlife and Roads: Examining the Incorporation of Wildlife Management Strategies into Our Road Infrastructure in Ontario Kristin Elton, University of Waterloo (ESAC) Our ever-expanding road infrastructure is having a profound negative impact on wildlife populations. Ample strategies, such as wildlife fencing and crossing structures, exist to mitigate these impacts but implementing them in the midst of a growing human footprint and limited financial resources is becoming increasingly difficult. In order for ecological strategies to be successful, we need to understand how to incorporate them in a way that balances the interests of both wildlife and society. The purpose of this study is to examine and understand the incorporation of these strategies into Ontario’s road infrastructure. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with decision-makers and key stakeholders will be conducted to determine the experience of each project with regards to the development and implementation of the wildlife management strategy(s); ‘experience’ will include social, fi-nancial, political, legal, technological, and geographic elements. It is important to emphasize that this research is seeking to un-derstand more than the traditional scientific recommendations alone, and instead include the influence of socio-political factors in decision-making with regards to these projects. This information will be analyzed to develop a grounded theory that identifies the key elements that lead to successful incorporation of wildlife management strategies. Using this information, a decision-support tool will be developed. Decision-makers will be able to compare the individual characteristics of their potential projects with the decision support tool to identify its likelihood of success, therefore more efficiently allocating the scarce resources available for ecological protection.

Climate Change Adaptation: How Ready and Resilient are Our Coastal Communities? Ahmed Khan, Saint Mary’s University (CAG) Derek Armitage, University of Waterloo Anthony Charles, Saint Mary’s University Despite the growing evidence on the science of climate change impacts, little effort is directed in understanding the governance of climate change adaptation. We focus on coastal regions in understanding community resilience and investigate their readiness towards climate change threats. Coastal regions are unique because of the high level of interactivity between land and sea, the range of biodiversity and coastal habitats, risk of sea level rise and flooding, social complexity of urban settlements and mari-time industries, and major investments in tourism and fisheries activities. Building upon an analytical framework by Ford and King 2013 on adaptation readiness, we plan to assess how climate smart and resilient our coastal regions are from a governance per-spective. We are currently developing various criteria and rule-based approaches to assess key attributes of climate change ad-aptation architecture. These include: leadership, science and policy nexus, decision-making frameworks, stakeholder involvement, funding, R&D, ecosystem-based approaches, and technological innovation. The analyses initially focus on four case studies in At-lantic Canada and the Caribbean, under the Partnership for Canada Caribbean Community Climate Change Adaptation (ParCA) Project. The aim is to synthesize key findings on enabling institutional mechanisms, cross-sectoral synergies, stakeholder partner-ships, community resilience, and knowledge mobilization in adapting to climate change.

The 9th ICA Mountain Cartography Workshop, Banff, April 2014 Roger Wheate, University of Northern British Columbia (CCA) The Mountain Cartography Commission meets biennially at a workshop organised somewhere in the mountains; in 2014 this was held for the first time in Canada, in Banff National Park, Alberta. This talk will summarise the workshop with an illustration from each of the ~20 presentations from Banff.

A Sea of Peaks Jeff Wielki, TERA Environmental Consultants (CCA) That stunning view while standing on a mountain summit of peaks poking through the clouds as far as you can see. It’s like a new world, an undiscovered island chain. What if those clouds were truly an ocean and sailing ships could navigate those waters? What if this was mapped by James Cook and the crew of the Resolution on his third voyage in May, 1778? Based on these pre-sumptions, the St. Elias mountain range, which contains the highest peaks in North America was drawn by hand in the style of James Cook’s map of New Zealand from 1770. This map is not for navigation.

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Day 3: May 29, 2014

Keynote Speaker, Oliver Brandes Fresh Thinking on our Water Future - Lessons from Law and Governance Reform Time: 8:30 – 9:30 Room: South Block 203

The topic will be emerging trends and opportunities in water law, policy and governance - with a focus BC's Water Law Moderni-zation process as a case study including implications and ramification for the future of Canada's fresh water. Financial support for this session was provided by the Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences.

Session 15 – Panel Discussion The Borders and Boundaries of Environmental Research Time: 9:45 – 11:30 Room: South Block 203

Chair: Jennifer Good, Brock University Participants: Keri Cronin, Brock University – Visual culture of the environment and animal rights Jennifer Good, Brock University – Border crossings: Environmental academics and environmental activism in the age of climate

change Ana Isla, Brock University – The “greening” of Costa Rica: A subsistence view Mark S. Meisner, International Environmental Communication Association – Environmental thought, ethics and communication Geo Takach, MacEwan University – Borderless bricolage: Blending environmentalism and arts-based research Summary: Environmental issues were once considered in ways that bounded them by localities: litter in the neighbourhood, a forest being clear-cut in a community’s backyard, declining air quality in an urban center. With the maturation of our understanding of the ecosystems that create the environment, we have become aware of the fundamental absence of boundaries and the essential in-terconnectedness of the environment’s ecosystems; we have similarly become aware of how the survival of life on Earth—our own and every other living species—depends inextricably on the environment. Scholarly environmental research was once similarly defined by boundaries: academic departments, conference divisions/associations, journal foci. However, as environmental issues have gained increasing importance and prominence, the way in which we understand our work and our role has changed. In this workshop/discussion, six environmental researchers share their experi-ences with the changing boundaries of environmental research—boundaries dividing and uniting scholarship and practice in areas such as: visualizing the environment and animal rights; climate change scholarship and activism; nationhood and “green capital-ism”; ethics and communication; comedy and the arts; water issues and the Great Lakes basin. Participants will encourage others to join in discussing how environmental scholars can bend, breach and blend such borders to make a difference.

Session 16 – Exploring Energy Time: 9:45 – 11:30 Room: South Block 201

Chair: Shirley Thompson, University of Manitoba

Green Microfinance Promoting Green Enterprise Development through Mini Cooperatives/Employee Cooperatives in Canada and in Bangladesh Kazi Abdur Rouf, University of Toronto and Nobel International University (USA) The Evangeline Cooperatives in Canada, the Big Carrot in Toronto, the Mondragon Bookstore & Coffeehouse employees coopera-tive in Winnipeg, the Mondragon in Spain, and the group based microcredit Grameen Bank (GB)/Grameen Shakti (GS) in Bang-ladesh are mini cooperatives that have been promoting local living economics, green enterprise development, employees mutual cooperation among marginalized people in the community. For example, Grameen Bank microcredit is a well-known tool to ad-dress the issue of poverty by engaging communities in microloans and micro-businesses so that they may earn income. The Mondragon in Spain, the Big Carrot in Toronto, and the Mondragon Bookstore & Coffeehouse employees cooperative in Winni-peg are employees democratic cooperatives. Here employees are working in these cooperatives with dignity. As well they are the members of these cooperatives and owners of the businesses.

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The Mondragon in Spain, the Big Carrot in Toronto, and the Mondragon Bookstore & Coffeehouse employees’ cooperative in Win-nipeg promote employee cooperative management and enhance sustainable business development in Canada and in Spain. The Grameen bank group-based micro-financing institution promotes mini cooperatives in Bangladesh. It is providing green services- renewable energy products, bio-gas plants, energy savings stoves and eco-friendly agricultural services to people in Bangladesh that promote the practice of safe and eco-friendly businesses. These organizations are examples of mini cooperatives who have been practicing of socio-cultural, environmental and business development while advancing social capital, human capital, and nat-ural capital with economic growth. They are the sustainable, people-centered green development mini cooperatives in Spain, Can-ada and in Bangladesh. The purpose of the study is to examines the massive possibility of introducing market-based mini coopera-tive green business development in Canada, Spain and Bangladesh that would help researchers, policy makers and social econo-mists learn from these organizations’ study. To understand these mini cooperatives systems, micro lending systems and their renewable energy programs for green develop-ment, the researcher visited and studied Grameen Bank Bangladesh, Grameen Shokti’s Renewable Energy Project in 2008-2009 and had studied The Evangeline Cooperatives in Canada, the Big Carrot in Toronto, the Mondragon Bookstore & Coffeehouse employees cooperative in Winnipeg, the Mondragon in Spain in 2010-2011 respectively. The researcher worked in these coop-eratives. The paper written on the basis of participatory observations, literature reviews, and working experiences. The researcher spoke with GB and GS borrowers, employees mini cooperatives. The researcher also read various literature on employees mini cooperatives and green microcredit. This paper envisions a comparison and contrasting of Grameen Bank/Grameen Shokti credit systems (Bangladesh) with The Evangeline Cooperatives in Canada, the Big Carrot in Toronto, the Mondragon Bookstore & Coffeehouse employees cooperative in Winnipeg, the Mondragon in Spain, and its impact on Bangladesh, Spain, and Canada’s local living economics and environ-mental development. This was to gain valuable experience as it relates their (employees) mini cooperatives operational strate-gies and green microcredit operational strategies, policies and programs. This paper studies and describes key components and features of mini employees cooperatives and group-based mini cooperative micro-financing systems that promote employees democratic equal relationships among cooperatives members, mini cooperative micro-borrowers equal leaderships development. The findings are positive to environmental sustainable development, equitable employee relationships development among these cooperatives’ employees and micro-borrowers. Hence these new green microeconomic determination programs are need to be expanding all over the world to develop socio-economic growth in people’s lives.

A Framework and Methodology for Examining Energy Literacy Runa Das, Ryerson University Canadian households rely on energy to heat, cool, light their homes, heat domestic water, and operate appliances. Although these needs are largely unavoidable, rising levels of greenhouse gas emissions makes energy conservation an integral part of our ener-gy future. Increasing energy conservation at the household level by influencing occupant behaviour change is an ideal strategy: behaviours performed voluntarily are typically strong and the associated costs for behavioural programs are generally lower in comparison to other tools such as technology. In order to apply effective behavioural strategies more work on occupant level vari-ables is needed. This research therefore seeks to address an under examined area of research with the following objectives: 1) establish criteria for measuring energy literacy; and 2) develop a valid and reliable quantitative instrument to measure energy literacy. Energy literacy will be broadly defined and then, more specifically, using other literacy frameworks. These frameworks as well as expert consultation will help determine benchmarks and question development. The questionnaire will go through rounds of pilot testing. The first pilot will be an item pilot, which will help determine items for retention and examine the number of subscales that result after analysis. Both statistical and qualitative criteria will be used to determine item retention/rejection. Retained items will be administered to another sample in order to once again examine questionnaire items as well as instrument validity and reliabil-ity. Statistical methods associated with factor analysis will be used to dictate the development of this instrument.

Where does Wind Work for Host Communities?: Comparing Five Wind Farms along Eastern Lake Ontario Stewart Fast, Queen’s University Location of wind farms is determined by multiple factors including physical wind patterns, incentives offered by regional or feder-al governments, pre-existing transmission lines and increasingly, by the reactions of host communities. This paper presents prelimi-nary evidence from a two-year study of the responses of host communities for five proposed and existing wind farms on a 100 km stretch along the shores of eastern Lake Ontario. These sites are broadly similar in terms of wind patterns and operate within the same fluid policy context; most wind farm sites were initially approved under Ontario’s Feed-in-Tariff program and centralized

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approval process. They differ in levels of opposition, in the degree of revenue sharing with local citizens, and in the extent of transformation that has taken place in each host community from livelihoods based on traditional extractive rural economies to economies based more on tourism, amenity migration and marketing of idyllic landscapes. Evidence from interviews with support-ers and opponents suggest wind farm developments are simultaneously creating new social and political boundaries while erasing others. Findings include a comprehensive set of opinion statements to be ranked and analysed using Q-method which will yield an additional measure of social response to wind energy comparable with similar methodological efforts undertaken in Europe and the United States.

The Green Gap: Exploring the Implications of a Green Economy through a Policy Lens Laura Zeglen, Ryerson University So-called “green” employment has been recognized as one of Toronto’s fastest growing sectors in the labour market. At the same time, the city faces an increasing employment gap between its different communities, with racialized Canadians and immigrants subject to unequal access to the labour market and inequitable employment outcomes. Toronto is in the midst of an infrastructure development boom, including much-discussed extensions to its transit system, a proliferation of condo construction in the downtown core, and the re-development of its waterfront in preparation for the 2015 PanAm games. What remains to be seen is the extent to which proposed infrastructure development projects in Toronto are including discussions linking it to a green economy, particu-larly the use of renewable energy and an emphasis on local procurement. Furthermore, there are differing perceptions of what makes a green economy: is it simply a reproduction of the existing market structure with traditional jobs reframed within an envi-ronmental lens; or does it require a fundamental restructuring to refocus our economy and lives as a whole in more sustainable and socially inclusive ways? As part of a multifaceted project interviewing stakeholders across Toronto’s green economy, this pa-per explores the input of policymakers in the City of Toronto toward answering these questions. The narratives of these stakehold-ers are interwoven with current policy developments related to Ontario’s Green Energy Act and the local knowledge requirement recently introduced by Infrastructure Ontario, with important implications for local employment that is inclusive of Toronto’s diverse populations.

Keynote Speaker, Ella Haley Time: 11:45 - 12:30 Room: South Block 203

2014 is the UN International Year of the Family Farm. 2014 is also a critical year to address the paving over of farmland in Southern Ontario. No farmland = no farmers = no local food. In 1980, the Province of Ontario, Brantford and Brantford Township set an example for other municipalities that were squabbling about development along their boundaries. They created a "Green Ribbon" of "permanent agriculture" land around the boundary of Brantford. This prevented sprawl development on farmland in Brant County. Because Brant County was left out of the Ontario Greenbelt, it is very vulnerable now to sprawl development. De-velopers and landbankers "leapfrog" over the western border of the Ontario Greenbelt and gobble up farmland. Now Brantford and Brant County are proposing to pave over the "Green Ribbon" of "permanent agriculture" land. I will review the efforts by a network of local community groups to protect Brant County's farmland and water.

Field Trip Time: 13:30 – 14:30 Location: Niagara Escarpment

After grabbing a quick bite to eat, join Liette Vasseur for a guided hike through the trails on the Niagara Escarpment. We will leave from South Block 203 at 13:30.

Banquet Time: 18:30 – 22:30 Location: Ravine Winery Restaurant

The banquet location is at Ravine Vineyard Estate Winery with our colleagues and friends from two cognate Associations (i.e., CAG & CCA). The cost per person is $70 (including transportation). Buses will depart Brock University at approximately 18:15 from the Chartered Bus Zone shown on the Brock University Campus Map attached to this program.

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Ongoing May 24 – 30

Tuesday, May 27 Wednesday, May 28 Thursday, May 29

& all watched over by machines of loving grace, D. Szoke & R. MacDonald

Thistle Complex

Big Thinking; David Plotz

7:45–8:55 a.m.

Panel; Rapid Research: From New

Media Journalism to the Digital Humanities

9:15-10:45 a.m. David S. Howes Theatre

Thinkers Beyond Bounda-ries:

Ryan Plummer, “Resilience Thinking: An Integrative Perspective to Navigate Environmental

Change and Governance” 7:45-8:55 a.m.

Sankey Chambers

Big Thinking; Benjamin Barber 7:45–8:55 a.m.

Roundtable; Benjamin Barber's

If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities

10-11:30 a.m. David S. Howes Theatre

A Loft, Althea Thauberger Scotia Bank Hall

Interdisciplinary Canada/U.S. Panel;

Cross Border Connections The War of 1812

(WNED documentary) noon-1:30 p.m.

Academic South, 204

Big Thinking; Catherine Dauvergne

12:15-1:20 p.m. David S. Howes Theatre

Copyright and the Modern Academic Debate Series;

Access Copyright: Friend or Foe?

2-3:30 p.m. International Centre 119

Inspiring images: Landscapes, Objects,

People

Interdisciplinary Canada/U.S. Panel:

Comparisons on the Crisis of PhD Surplus, Cross-Border

Research and Talent Mobility 5-6 p.m.

Sankey Chambers

Copyright and the Modern Academic Debate Series;

Open Access and the Future of Academic

Publishing 4:30-6:30 p.m.

Academic South 215

Big Thinking; Lawrence Hill

12:15-1:20 p.m.

Forum; Lawrence Hill's Blood: The Stuff of Life 2:30-3 p.m.

David S. Howes Theatre

Plaything, Shawn Serfas

Congress Centre

Meet the Shaw Festival 6-7 p.m.

Sankey Chambers

Sipping Ontario Wines with the Stars

5-6 p.m. Sankey Chambers

Thinkers Beyond Boundaries: Lissa Paul,

“Eliza Fenwick (1766-1840): Abolitionist in England, Slave

owner in Barbados, and Teacher in Niagara"

3:15-4:15 p.m. David S. Howes Theatre

The Source: Rethink-ing Water through Contemporary Art Rodman Hall Art

Centre

Revered and Reviled: Dirty Plötz - A Conference Cabaret

7:30 p.m. Sean O’Sullivan Theatre

Interdisciplinary Canada/US Panel;

Cross Border Research Collaboration Roundtable

5-6 p.m. Sankey Chambers

Conversation Café: Do we care where our food comes from?

7-8:30 p.m. Mahtay Café 241 St Paul St

Canadian Composers Concert / Concert de musique

contemporaine 8-10 p.m.

Sean O’ Sullivan Theatre

Other Congress Events