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Corriemoillie wind farm

Environmental Statement

Volume 1

November 2009

Preface

November 2009 Corriemoillie Windfarm Environmental Statement

This Environmental Statement has been prepared in support of an application under the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 (as amended by The Planning etc (Scotland) Act 2006) for the development of a wind farm at Corriemoillie, in Ross Shire. The Environmental Statement comprises the following documents:

! Non-Technical Summary (NTS);

! Environmental Statement Volume 1; and

! Technical Appendices Volume 2 In addition to the above, the application is accompanied by a Planning Statement, which has been submitted in support of the application but which does not form part of the Environmental Statement. The Environmental Statement can be viewed, along with the other documents referred to in this section at The Highland Council Planning Department, Glenurquhart Road, Inverness, IV3 5NX. The ES can also be viewed by the public during normal working hours at the following locations: Further copies of the NTS are available free of charge and the Environmental Statement may be purchased for £300.00 per hard copy or £20 for CD-ROM from: E.ON Climate & Renewables Westwood Way Westwood Business Park Coventry CV4 8LG Email: [email protected] Telephone: 02476 183067

Contents

November 2009 Corriemoillie Windfarm Environmental Statement

Corriemoillie Wind Farm Environmental Statement Contents 1. Introduction 2. Approach to EIA 3. Project Description 4. Policy Context 5. Landscape and Visual Assessment 6. Ecology 7. Ornithology 8. Forestry 9. Hydrology, Geology and Hydrogeology 10. Cultural Heritage 11. Noise 12. Traffic and Transport 13. Socio-Economics, Tourism and Land Use 14. Other Considerations

Chapter 1 – Introduction

Corriemoillie Wind Farm Environmental Statement Chapter 1 – Page 1

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Project Outline

1.1 RPS has been appointed by E.ON Climate and Renewables UK Developments Limited (E.ON) to prepare an Environmental Statement (ES) to accompany an application under the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 to The Highland Council for permission to construct and operate a Wind Farm in Corriemoillie Forest (the proposed Wind Farm). The proposed Wind Farm would be approximately 7km northwest of Garve and located in Ross and Cromarty East. The location of the proposed Wind Farm is shown in Figure 1.1.

1.2 The planning application boundary and the layout of site infrastructure are shown in Figure 1.2.

1.3 The location of this proposed Wind Farm is adjacent the site of the consented Lochluichart Wind Farm and this relationship is shown in Figure 1.3. Although a separate project, the proposed turbine heights and appearance will be similar to this consented scheme.

1.4 Under the terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment (Scotland) Regulations 1999, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been undertaken to identify and assess the likely environmental effects of the proposed development and recommend mitigation measures. This ES reports the findings of the EIA.

1.5 The proposal is for the construction and operation of 19 wind turbines with a likely output of 47.5 megawatts (MW) and other associated infrastructure including:

3 borrow pits;

One permanent anemometer mast;

Wind farm control building;

Transformers and cables from the wind turbines to the wind farm substation;

Upgrade of existing access tracks;

Construction of new access tracks providing access to all turbine locations;

Crane hardstanding areas adjacent to each wind turbine;

Temporary construction compound; and

Temporary laydown area.

1.6 The project will also involve the construction of a grid connection. The details of the proposed Wind Farm project are provided in Chapter 3 (Project Description).

1.7 It is proposed that the Wind Farm would generate electricity for 25 years after which time it would be removed or an application made for further planning permission to extend the duration of operation at the site in accordance with a scheme to be agreed with Highland Council.

1.8 The final proposed Wind Farm layout comprising 19 turbines and associated infrastructure (Figure 1.2) has evolved during an iterative design process over the duration of the EIA and is described in more detail in Chapter 2 (EIA process). Consultation has been carried out throughout.

Structure of the Environmental Statement

1.9 The ES comprises the following stand alone documents:

Non-Technical Summary (NTS) which summarises the key information presented in the Environmental Statement in a non-technical manner;

The Environmental Statement which reports the findings of the EIA;

Technical Appendices detailing technical information; and

Confidential Annexes containing sensitive ecological information which as a matter of law cannot be made available to the public.

1.10 The Environmental Statement is structured as follows:

Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 4 describe the background to the project, EIA process and methodology, the project details and planning context respectively;

Chapters 5 - 13 detail the technical assessments of the potential environmental impacts of the development, the proposed/adopted mitigation measures to reduce any negative effects, ongoing consultation and monitoring; and

Chapter 14 considers communications, aeronautical interests, other infrastructure, shadow flicker, waste management, and safety and security in respect of the proposed Wind Farm.

The Developer

1.11 E.ON has taken a leading role in the development of wind power in the UK since 1991, when they invested in their first wind farm. They now operate 21 wind farms – 19 onshore and 2 offshore – and are currently completing Robin Rigg in the Solway Firth, which will be one of the largest offshore wind farms in Europe. E.ON has already built and is operating two wind farms in Scotland:

Bowbeat in the Scottish Borders with a capacity of 31.2 MW; and

Deucheran Hill, near Carradale, Kintyre with a capacity of 15.8 MW.

1.12 E.ON is one of the only UK wind farm developers currently certified to the internationally recognised environmental management standard, ISO 14001, and as such places a great emphasis on the proper management of environmental risk during construction of its wind farms.

The Project Team

1.13 RPS Planning and Development (RPS) has prepared the ES, managed the EIA process and have undertaken all the technical assessments in the EIA, including:

Planning Context;

Landscape and Visual Assessment;

Ecology;

Ornithology;

Forestry;

Hydrology, Geology and Hydrogeology;

Cultural Heritage;

Noise;

Traffic and Transport;


Chapter 1 – Page 2 Corriemoillie Wind Farm Environmental Statement

Tourism, Socio-economics and Land use; and

Other Considerations (telecommunications, aviation and shadow flicker).

1.14 RPS is one of the UK’s largest Environmental Consultancies. The RPS team has over 100 consultants, technicians and engineers with specific skills and experience relevant to wind development projects and has been engaged in onshore wind projects totalling over 3,000 MW.

1.15 The legal review has been undertaken by Eversheds LLP.

Justification for Development

Climate Change

1.16 There is now unequivocal evidence of climate change, from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level1. The main human influence on global climate is emissions of key greenhouse gases, specifically: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O).

1.17 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a body of United Nations scientists which monitors studies examining the effects of climate change, reported an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration from a pre-industrial value of about 280 parts per million (ppm) to 379 ppm in 2005. About two-thirds of the observed increased atmospheric carbon concentration is due to the carbon emissions released from the burning of traditional fossil fuels (notably coal and oil).

1.18 This increase in the concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere affect the way the earth retains heat and the worlds leading environmental scientists have concluded this process is leading to an increase in the earth’s average temperature, causing climate change.

Finite Fuel Sources

1.19 In addition to the issue of climate change, concerns currently exist about the long-term viability of the use of fossil fuels to generate energy, due to the finite nature of the fuel. Owing to political instability, there are also concerns that too heavy a reliance on imported fuels could threaten the UK’s security of supply even in the relatively short-term future.

The Advantages of Renewable Energy

1.20 There is now general consensus that the adoption of renewable energy (wind, solar, hydro, tidal, geothermal) is more likely to produce a more secure and long-term energy supply than the continuation of fossil fuel energy generation2. Unlike fossil fuel energy generation, renewable energy does not significantly contribute to climate change, and is infinite (effectively) by harnessing energy generated from natural resources. Renewable energy can also result in emissions savings as discussed from paragraph 1.24, domestic security of supply as mentioned in paragraph 1.19, and can create jobs in the emerging sector. As such, it has many benefits over conventional energy sources.

1.21 As discussed in Chapter 4 (Planning), renewable energy is supported by national Policy (in particular the Climate Change (Scotland) Act and Scottish Planning Policy 6: Renewable Energy)

1 IPCC, AR4 Synthesis Report 2007

2 DEFRA, http://www.defra.gov.uk/sustainable/government/what/index.htm

and by a range of international and national targets. The Highland Council has incorporated this policy into their Development Plan. However, it is important to note that these targets are not fixed “ceilings”, and the Climate Change bill in particular requires frequent revisions of targets and more stringent emissions reductions over time.

Wind Power

1.22 The harnessing of wind energy is one of the best placed renewable technologies available in the UK because it has the windiest countries in Europe3 and improvements in technology have resulted in the cost of wind power falling close to those of conventional sources of electricity. Wind is therefore both the most abundant and one of the cheapest of the UK's renewable energy resources4.

Corriemoillie Wind Farm

Energy Generation

1.23 The proposed Wind Farm would have the capacity to produce a maximum of 416.1GWh of electricity per annum assuming all turbines are operating at full potential for 24 hours a day at optimum wind speed. Due to natural variations in wind speed it has been estimated that the output from a wind farm is approximately 30% of the maximum output. The energy output from the wind farm would therefore be approximately 124.83 GWh per annum based on 2.5 MW turbines.

1.24 Based on 2006 electricity sales data5, the average Scottish household uses 4.5 MWh per year, thus the proposed Wind Farm is expected to be able to provide electricity for approximately 31,000 households. In 2007, there were approximately 217,440 households in the Highland Council Area6; therefore the equivalent of approximately 14% of households in the Highlands could have their annual electricity consumption supplied by Corriemoillie Wind Farm. This percentage may decrease slightly during the lifetime of the wind farm due to predicted population growth in Scotland as a whole7. However, there is also the strong possibility that domestic electricity consumption may reduce due to energy efficiency measures that are currently being proposed the Scottish Government8. Although these figures are open to variation, in principle they show that the proposed Wind Farm will provide a substantial proportion of electricity used in the local area.

Greenhouse gas displacement

1.25 It is widely recognised that wind farms save carbon emissions during operation when compared to fossil fuel energy generation. However, carbon losses and gains during the construction and operation of the wind farm need to be evaluated on a site specific basis.

1.26 Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) produced a Technical Guidance Note in 2003 for calculating carbon ‘payback’ times for wind farms9. Nayak et al updated this guidance in 2008 and devised a carbon balance tool for wind farms being constructed on peatlands which considers the impacts of

3 BWEA, http://www.bwea.com/media/news/141105.html

4 Sustainable Development Commission (2005): Wind Power in the UK - A guide to the key issues surrounding

onshore wind power development in the UK 5 BERR, http://stats.berr.gov.uk/energystats/dukes08_c5.pdf

6 http://www.highland.gov.uk/yourcouncil/yourward/ward10/ward10-z-wardstats.htm

7 General Register Office for Scotland, http//:www.gro-scotland.gov.uk

8 Scottish Government, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Action/energy-efficiency-

policy/ActionPlan 9 SNH, http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/polstat/caf.pdf



wind farms during construction and operation on soil stability and long-term greenhouse gas emissions. This tool was used to calculate the carbon balance (sum of the carbon losses and gains) for Corriemoillie Wind Farm and takes into account peat removal, drainage, habitat improvement and site restoration.

1.27 Table 1.1 shows the calculated Carbon ‘payback’ time associated with proposed Wind Farm. A breakdown of the input values and total carbon losses and gains associated with the proposed Wind Farm are shown in Appendix 1A.

Table 1.1 Corriemoillie Wind Farm Carbon Balance and Payback

Carbon Gains (t CO2 eq)

Carbon Losses (t CO2 eq)

Overall Carbon Balance (t CO2 eq)

Total Payback Time (yr)*

56,731 217,623 274,354 5.1

*The Carbon payback time of the Wind Farm is calculated by comparing the loss of carbon from the site due to wind farm construction with the Carbon savings achieved by the Wind Farm during a 25 year operating period.

1.28 The estimated total carbon payback time of the proposed Wind Farm, based on carbon losses and gains, is 5.1 years (Table 1.1) compared with the current mix of electricity generation (2.6 years compared with coal-fired electricity generation). Corriemoillie Wind Farm could prevent over 53,600 tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent emissions (tCO2 eq) being released into the atmosphere over its lifetime if using a grid mix of electricity generation as the counterfactual.

Chapter 10 - Cultural Heritage


Chapter 10 – Cultural Heritage

Introduction

10.1 This chapter provides an assessment of the extent of known archaeological features and the wider cultural heritage present within and surrounding the application area based on currently available data. Furthermore, it aims to assess the significance of the effect of the proposed Wind Farm on the cultural heritage resource. Cultural heritage resources include:

Scheduled Ancient Monuments;

Other archaeological sites;

Listed Buildings;

other buildings of historic or architectural importance and recorded on the Sites and Monuments maintained by Highland Archaeology Service; and

Conservation Areas and Designed Landscapes.

Key Issues

assessment and where appropriate, mitigation, of direct impacts on the cultural heritage resource. Direct impacts are considered to constitute physical damage to, or complete removal of, the cultural heritage resource; and

assessment and where appropriate, mitigation of indirect impacts on the cultural heritage resource. Indirect impacts consist of changes to the setting and/or the context of the cultural heritage resource.

Methodology

Consultations

10.2 Historic Scotland and the Local Authority Archaeologist for the Highland Region were contacted, as statutory consultees. The Local Authority Archaeologist for the Highland Region provided comments on the scoping report in a memorandum dated 15 May 2009, while Historic Scotland provided comments on the scoping report in a letter dated 29 April 2009.

10.3 Historic Scotland noted that there were no Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings or Gardens and Designed Landscapes within the search area.

10.4 Historic Scotland drew no particular attention to any cultural heritage features, but advised that the proposed Wind Farm may have the potential to affect features over a wide area and recommended that these should be addressed for potential indirect effects.

Legislation and Guidance

10.5 The following were referenced during the preparation of this chapter:

Legislation

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (1979) provides Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs) with protection. Scheduling is administered by Historic Scotland, who

maintains a list of all SAMs and enforce the protection. Scheduled Monument Consent is required for works that affect or alter SAMs, with the exception of some agricultural activities;

Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997. A list of buildings of special architectural or historic interest is maintained by Historic Scotland. Development affecting the character of such designated features is subject to listed building consent via the Planning Authority under the Act; and

The Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland list is compiled by Historic Scotland. The purpose of the Inventory is to identify sites of national importance at the time of designation. Such designation is not the same as affording statutory protection. Under Article 15 of the Town and Country Planning (General Development Procedure) (Scotland) Order 1992, [as amended April 2007], planning authorities must consult with Historic Scotland on any proposed development that may affect a site contained in the Inventory.

Planning Guidance

Scottish Planning Policy 23 Planning and the Historic Environment (October 2008). SPP 23 has superseded and consolidated NPPG18 Planning and Historic Environment and NPPG5 Archaeology and Planning. The policy sets out to ensure that planning authorities safeguard the special qualities of historic environments. Statutory and Non-Statutory designations are material considerations when determining planning applications: The policy recognises that the historic environment can be adapted to accommodate new uses, offering opportunities for new and creative design, whilst retaining its special character. Historic Scotland has to be consulted at the early stages of a proposal. Overall, SPP 23 aims to encourage a positive and proactive approach by Planning Authorities to managing change in the historic environment;

The Scottish Historic Environment Policy (SHEP) 2009 complements and has the same authority as the Scottish Planning Policy series and other Ministerial policy documents. The SHEP is a relevant document in the statutory planning, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) processes. It has been prepared and is published in parallel with Scottish Planning Policy 23 on the Historic Environment;

Planning Advice Note (PAN) 42: Archaeology, The Planning Process and Scheduled Monument Procedures (1994) provide advice on the handling of archaeological matters within the planning process; and

Planning Advice Note (PAN) 45: Renewable Energy Technologies (rev. 2002) provides advice on the likely visibility of wind farms in the wider area.

Baseline Studies

Approach

10.6 For buried archaeological sites that are recorded on the Sites and Monuments Record but not otherwise designated, the study area is a 1.5 km buffer zone around the proposed Wind Farm Site and Access Roads (Figure 10.1). Whilst there is no potential for direct effects on cultural heritage features outside this study area, it is considered that information from the study area may inform the assessment of the sensitivity of the application site and the archaeological resources within it.

10.7 For designated historic environment resources of regional and local significance the study area is a circle of 3 km radius centred on the proposed Wind Farm (Figure 10.2). The study area has regard to the advice on the perception of turbines in Figure 8 of PAN 45, to the nature and extent of the proposed development. It is not considered that the potential for likely significant environmental effects on a cultural heritage resource of regional or local importance would exist beyond 3km. Only those receptors that fall within the ZTV have been identified and described.



10.8 For designated cultural heritage resources of international and national significance the study area is primarily a circle of 10 km radius centred on the proposed Wind Farm (Figure 10.3). A precautionary approach is employed where more distant cultural heritage features of international and national significance are included in the initial stages of assessment, these only being discounted after a detailed assessment of their setting has been made.The study area is demonstrably robust to ensure that any likely significant environmental effects can be identified. Furthermore, the study area is consistent with advice in Figure 8 of PAN 45, which advises on the general perception of turbines within the landscape at certain distances. Given these distances, and having regard to the nature and scale of the proposed Wind Farm, and experience it is considered that the potential for likely significant adverse effects will be confined to resources within 10 km. Due to the low number of nationally important sites within a 10km radius of the proposed Wind Farm, all such receptors were identified, but not assessed for indirect impacts on their settings if outside the ZTV.

Desk Assessment

10.9 The primary information resource was the Sites and Monuments Record, supplemented by relevant published documentary and cartographic material, as appropriate. Information on Scheduled Ancient Monuments, listed buildings, Inventoried Gardens and Designed Landscapes etc was obtained from Historic Scotland. The assessment determined how likely it is that any archaeological/cultural heritage feature may occur at the site, what it is and its historical importance/relevance to the area.

the assessment was based on a preliminary, office-based, assessment of the likelihood of the proposed Wind Farm site to contain archaeological remains and to provide an indication of what, if any, further work would be required with regard to archaeology;

the primary information resource was a review of existing information prepared in connection with previous development proposals on the site. In addition, the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) was consulted to determine if there have been any new discoveries in the area. This was supplemented by relevant published documentary and cartographic material, as appropriate; and

information on Scheduled Ancient Monuments, listed buildings, Inventoried Gardens and Designed Landscapes etc was obtained from Historic Scotland.

10.10 A site visit and walkover survey was undertaken by RPS on 6 August 2009 to:

establish the presence of above ground archaeology, whether or not previously recorded;

assess and validate data collected as part of the desk-based assessment;

assess the topography and geomorphology of the application area; and

inform an assessment of the site’s context within the wider historic landscape.

10.11 The site visit was also intended to provide an indication of the suitability of any further survey technique.

10.12 For the purposes of the assessment, archaeological periods are defined as follows:

Prehistoric [comprising Lower Palaeolithic (pre 30,000 BC), Upper Palaeolithic (30,000 - 10,000BC), Mesolithic (10,000 - 3,500BC), Neolithic (3,500 - 2,000BC), Bronze Age (2,000 - 700BC) and Iron Age (700BC - AD43)];

Roman (AD43 - AD450);

Medieval (AD450 - AD1540); and

Post Medieval (AD1540 onwards).

Assessment of Resource Importance (Value) – Archaeological Remains

10.13 There are no national government guidelines for evaluating the importance or significance (and hence the 'value') of cultural heritage resources.

10.14 Clearly a high degree of professional judgement is necessary, guided by acknowledged standards, designations and priorities. It is also important to understand that buried archaeological remains may not be well-understood at the time of assessment, and can therefore be of uncertain value.

10.15 The most recent guidance from any national agency regarding cultural heritage and Environmental Impact Assessment is from the Highways Agency, and is expressed in Guidance Note 208/07 (August 2007) that now forms part of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB, Volume 11, section 3, part 2). Guidance Note 208/07 provides the following table as a guide for assessing the value of archaeological resources:

Table 10.1 Factors for Assessing the Value of Archaeological Assets

Very High World Heritage Sites

Assets of acknowledged international importance

Assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged international research objectives

High Scheduled Monuments

Undesignated assets of schedulable quality and importance

Assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged national research objectives

Medium Designated or undesignated assets that contribute to regional research objectives

Low Undesignated assets of local importance

Assets compromised by poor preservation and/or poor survival of contextual associations

Assets of limited value, but with potential to contribute to local research objectives

Negligible Assets with very little or no surviving archaeological interest

Unknown The importance of the resource cannot be ascertained

Assessment of Resource Importance (Value) - Historic Buildings

10.16 For historic buildings, assessment of importance is usually based on the designations used in the Listed Building process. However, where historic buildings are not listed, or where the listing grade may be in need of updating, professional judgement will be required.

10.17 The criteria used in establishing the value of historic buildings within the listing procedure include architectural interest, historic interest, close historic association (with nationally important people or events), and group value. Age and rarity are also taken into account; in general (where surviving in original or near-original condition) all buildings of pre-1700 date are listed, most of 1700-1840 date are listed, those of 1840-1914 date are more selectively listed, and thereafter even more selectively listed.



10.18 At a local level, buildings may be valued for their association with local events and people or for their role in the community.

10.19 Guidance Note 208/07 provides the following table as a guide for evaluating the value of historic buildings:

Table 10.2 Guide for Establishing the Value of Historic Buildings

Very High Standing buildings inscribed as of universal importance as World Heritage Sites

Other buildings of recognised international importance

High Scheduled Monuments with standing remains

Category A Listed Buildings

Other listed buildings that can be shown to have exceptional qualities in their fabric or historical association not adequately reflected in the listing grade

Conservation Areas containing very important buildings

Undesignated structures of clear national importance

Medium Category B Listed Buildings

Historic (unlisted) buildings that can be shown to have exceptional qualities in their fabric or historical association

Conservation Areas containing important buildings

Historic Townscape or built-up areas with historic integrity in their buildings, or built settings (e.g. including street furniture and other structures)

Low Category C(S) Listed Buildings

Historic (unlisted) buildings of modest quality in their fabric or historical association

Historic Townscape or built-up areas of limited historic integrity in their buildings, or built settings (e.g. including street furniture and other structures)

Negligible Buildings of no architectural or historic note; buildings of an intrusive character

Unknown Buildings with some hidden (i.e. inaccessible) potential for historic significance

Assessment of Resource Importance (Value) - Historic Landscape

10.20 The sub-topic of Historic Landscape is recognised as having significant overlaps with other topics such as Landscape and Townscape, and a multi-disciplinary approach to assessment is required. This is partially to avoid double-counting, and also to avoid duplication of effort. There are also significant overlaps with the other Cultural Heritage sub-topics; Archaeological Remains and Historic Buildings. The elements that are considered within those two sub-topics can make significant contributions to the historic landscape, and this latter subtopic should concentrate on the overall historic landscape character and its value rather than the individual elements within it.

10.21 All landscapes have some level of historic significance, as all of the present appearance of the urban and rural parts of Britain is the result of human or human-influenced activities overlain on the physical parameters of climate, geography and geology.

10.22 There are number of designations that can apply to historic landscapes, including World Heritage Sites (inscribed for their historic landscape value), Inventoried Gardens and Designed Landscapes, and Conservation Areas. Some local plans include locally designated Historic Landscape Areas, and Historic Parks and Gardens (or similar).

10.23 A model has been produced by the Council for British Archaeology whereby the historic landscape can be divided up into units that are scaled, from smallest to largest, as follows:

Elements - individual features such as earthworks, structures, hedges, woods etc;

Parcels - elements combined to produce, for example farmsteads or fields;

Components - larger agglomerations of parcels, such as dispersed settlements or straight-sided field systems;

Types - distinctive and repeated combinations of components defining generic historic landscapes such as ancient woodlands or parliamentary enclosure;

Zones - characteristic combinations of types, such as Anciently Enclosed Land or Moorland and Rough Grazing;

Sub-regions - distinguished on the basis of their unique combination of interrelated components, types and zones;

Regions - areas sharing an overall consistency over large geographical tracts.

10.24 The model described above can be used as the principal part of the overall assessment usually known as Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC). However, there is no significant guidance or advice regarding the attribution of significance or value to identified historic landscape units.

10.25 The Historic Land-use Assessment, jointly sponsored by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, is an analysis of past and present land-use. Fifty-five Historic Land-Use types have been defined, characterised by their period of origin, as well as form and function. The land use types were considered in compiling the assessment.

10.26 Guidance Note 208/07in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB, Volume 11, section 3, part 2, Annex 7) provides the following table as a guide for evaluating the value of historic landscape units:

Table 10.3 Guide for Evaluating Historic Landscape Character Units

Very High World Heritage Sites inscribed for their historic landscape qualities

Historic landscape of international sensitivity, whether designated or not

Extremely well-preserved historic landscapes with exceptional coherence, time-depth, or other critical factor(s)

High Designated historic landscapes of outstanding interest

Undesignated landscapes of outstanding interest

Undesignated landscapes of high quality and importance, and of demonstrable national sensitivity

Well-preserved historic landscapes exhibiting exceptional coherence, time-depth, or other critical factor(s)

Medium Designated special historic landscapes

Undesignated historic landscapes that would justify special historic landscape designation, landscapes of regional sensitivity

Averagely well-preserved historic landscapes with reasonable coherence,



time-depth, or other critical factor(s)

Low Robust undesignated historic landscapes

Historic landscapes with specific and substantial importance to local interest groups, but with limited sensitivity

Historic landscapes whose sensitivity is limited by poor preservation and/or poor survival of contextual associations

Robust historic landscapes

Negligible Landscapes with little or no significant historical interest

Assessment of Impact Magnitude - Archaeological Remains

10.27 The magnitude of effect is assessed without regard to the value of the resource. In terms of the judgement of the magnitude of effect, this is based on the principle (first established in NPPG5) that preservation of the resource is preferred, and that total physical loss of the resource is the least preferred.

10.28 It is not always possible to assess the physical effect in terms of percentage loss, and therefore it can be important in such cases to try to assess the capacity of the resource to retain its character following any effect. Similarly, effects on the setting of archaeological remains may also be more difficult to assess as they do not involve physical loss of the resource and to subsist for the life/presence of the development and thus be reversible.

10.29 Impact scales are defined (as in DMRB Volume 11, Section 3, Annex 5) thus:

Major Change to most, or all, key archaeological elements, such that the resource is

totally altered.

Comprehensive changes to setting (such changes would fundamentally

change the setting of the archaeological element such that its ability to be

understood was severely compromised).

Moderate Changes to many key archaeological elements, such that the resource is

clearly modified.

Material changes to setting (such changes would change the setting

materially but not fundamentally, such that its ability to be understood would

be moderately compromised).

Minor Changes to key archaeological elements, such that the asset is slightly

altered.

Slight changes to setting (such changes would be detectable but would not

fundamentally or materially compromise the ability to understand the setting).

Negligible Very minor changes to elements or setting (such changes would be barely

perceptible and would not affect the ability to understand the setting).

No change No change.

10.30 Additional methodology regarding the assessment of effects on settings is provided below.

Assessment of Impact Magnitude - Historic Buildings

10.31 The magnitude of effect is assessed without regard to the value of the resource, so the total destruction of an insignificant building would have the same degree of effect as the total loss of a

high value building. In terms of the judgement of the magnitude of effect, this is based on the principle that preservation of the resource and its setting is preferred, and that total physical loss of the resource is the least preferred.

10.32 Effects on the setting of historic buildings may include vibration, noise and lighting issues as well as visual effects, and may be reversible. Additional methodology regarding the assessment of effects on settings is provided below.


Major Change to key historic building elements such that the resource is totally

altered.

Total change to the setting (where the scope or extent of the change is so

fundamental that the ability to understand the setting of the historic building is

severely compromised).

Moderate Change to many key historic building elements, such that the resource is

significantly modified.

Changes to the setting of an historic building, such that it is significantly

modified (such changes would change the setting of the historic building

materially but not fundamentally, such that its ability to be understood would

be moderately compromised). Minor Changes to key historic building elements, such that the asset is slightly

different.

Change to the setting of an historic building, such that it is noticeably changed

(such changes would be detectable but not fundamentally or materially

change the setting or its ability to be understood).

Negligible Slight changes to historic buildings elements or setting that hardly affect it

(such changes would be barely perceptible and would not affect the ability to

understand the setting).

No change No change to fabric or setting

Assessment of Impact Magnitude - Historic Landscape

10.34 Historic landscapes cannot be destroyed or damaged by wind energy development but effects on them can change their character. Effects should be assessed using evaluated historic landscape character units, not the elements/parcels/components that contribute towards the character (see above). There may be effects on the setting of identified units, especially with regard to designated historic landscapes. Additional methodology regarding the assessment of effects on settings is provided below.


Major Change to most or all key historic landscape elements, parcels or

components; extreme visual effects; gross change of noise or change to

sound quality; fundamental changes to use or access; resulting in total

change to historic landscape character unit.

Moderate Changes to many key historic landscape elements, parcels or components;

visual change to many key aspects of the historic landscape; noticeable

differences in noise or sound quality; considerable changes to use or access;

resulting in moderate changes to historic landscape character.



Minor Changes to few key historic landscape elements, parcels or components;

slight visual changes to few key aspects of historic landscape; limited

changes to noise levels or sound quality; slight changes to use or access;

resulting in limited changes to historic landscape character.

Negligible Very minor changes to key historic landscape elements, parcels or

components; virtually unchanged visual effects; very slight changes in noise

levels or sound quality; very slight changes to use or access; resulting in a

very small change to historic landscape character.

No change No change to elements, parcels or components; no visual or audible changes;

no changes arising from amenity or community factors

Significance of Effects

10.36 The significance of effects is a combination of the value of the resource or asset and the magnitude of effect on that resource or asset. Effects can be adverse or beneficial. Beneficial effects are those that mitigate existing effects and help to restore or enhance heritage assets, therefore allowing for greater understanding and appreciation. In line with Guidance Note 208/07 (DMRB Volume 11, Section 3, Annex 7) the following matrix is used for all three sub-topics (archaeological remains, historic buildings and historic landscape).

Table 10.4 Cultural Heritage: Significance of Effects Matrix

VALUE / SENSITIVITY

Very High Neutral Slight Moderate/ Large

Large or Very Large

Very Large

High Neutral Slight Moderate/ Slight

Moderate/ Large

Large/Very Large

Medium Neutral Neutral/Slight Slight Moderate Moderate/ Large

Low Neutral Neutral/Slight Neutral/Slight Slight Slight/ Moderate

Negligible Neutral Neutral Neutral/Slight Neutral/Slight Slight

No Change Negligible Minor Moderate Major

MAGNITUDE OF IMPACT

10.37 Where the matrix provides a split in the significance of effects, e.g. Moderate/Slight, the assessor will exercise professional judgement in determining which of the levels of significance is more appropriate.

10.38 Moderate or greater effects are considered to be significant for the purposes of the EIA Regulations.

10.39 The table below, based on Figure 8 of PAN 45 (entitled General Perception of a Wind Farm in an Open Landscape), with an additional comment on the maximum potential magnitude of effect, generalises the relationship between distance and magnitude of effect, without taking into account the sensitivity of receptors, or environment/ visibility. It is very possible that the maximum potential

effect is not reached in most cases, given that most receptors will only have a partial view of the proposed Wind Farm.

Table 10.5 Relationship Between Distance and Wind Farm Visibility

Distance Description Maximum potential magnitude of effect

To 2km The wind farm is a prominent feature within the landscape High

2-5km The wind farm is a relatively prominent feature within the landscape

High

5-15km Prominent in clear visibility and as part of the wider landscape

Medium

15-30km Only prominent in very clear conditions and as a minor element within the landscape

Low

Settings

10.40 The identification of the 'setting' of cultural heritage features, and the nature and magnitude of effects and consequently effects on such 'settings', has been subject to much recent debate within the historic environment profession. Legislation and guidance make reference to the desirability of preserving or not adversely affecting 'settings', but the term has never really been clearly defined.

10.41 It is noteworthy that there are no agreed guidelines on the identification of the setting of cultural heritage features. SPP23 (paragraph 9) notes that “The location of historic features in the landscape and the patterns of past use and activity are part of the historic environment. Setting is more than the immediate surroundings of a site or building and, for example, may be related to the function or use of a place, or how it was intended to fit into the landscape or townscape, the view from it or how it is seen from around, or areas that are important to the protection of the place, site or building.”

10.42 In defining setting, an Annexe entitled ‘Assessment of Impact on the Setting of the Historic Environment Resource – some general considerations’, issued by Historic Scotland (2009) recognises that “the archaeological/historic context, the visual appearance and the aesthetic qualities of a site’s surroundings play an important role in modern perceptions of the site and that the alteration of those qualities has the potential to impact upon its character and value.” In addition, the Institute for Archaeologists has recently established a working party to address this issue. On the basis of the above, Colcutt’s (1999) definition of setting, as summarised in Lambrick (2008, below) is used as follows:

intrinsic visual interest and listing visual qualities;

topographic setting, identifying visual relationships to topography and natural features that can be linked with the function of the site or the reason for placement of the site in the landscape;

landuse setting, identifying whether the landuse is sympathetic to the site’s intellectual understanding; and

group setting including both contemporary and diachronic groupings or patterning, listing other sites, above or below ground, that could assist with creating a network of relationships. This should acknowledge any spatial element.



Baseline Description

Core Study Area

10.43 All known cultural heritage resources were identified within a 1.5km radius of the Core Study Area as defined by the red line boundary on Figure 10.1.

10.44 An assessment of the records held by the National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS) was undertaken. These records consist of a computer database of all the known archaeological sites and monuments in Scotland, with associated oblique aerial photographs where appropriate. This assessment provided information on the range of known monuments within 10km of the application area.

10.45 An assessment of the records provided by the Highland Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) was undertaken.

10.46 An examination of early cartographic sources and relevant Ordnance Survey editions was undertaken to identify potential cultural heritage features within and outwith the application area. Geological maps of the study area supplied by Landmark mapping were also consulted.

10.47 A site visit and inspection was carried out to assess the potential survival of any visible archaeological monuments within the core study and their condition and extent, where appropriate.

10.48 Relevant aerial photographic coverage of the core study area held by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) was considered during the assessment.

Site Survey

10.49 A site walkover was carried out on 6 August 2009, in dull weather conditions. The application area is almost entirely used for plantation timber, with a few small clear areas, which coincide with watercourses.

Sites within the Application Area

10.50 There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas or sites recorded in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes within the application area.

10.51 There are two sites listed in the Historical Environment Record within the application area. The site of two possible sheiling huts and an enclosure identified from historic maps are located on an area of relatively level ground on the north east bank of the river Alt Coire Mhuilidh in the south eastern part of the proposed Wind Farm at NGR NH 3489 6583 (HER numbers MHG24408 and 42524). Aerial photography examined at the RCHAMS library indicated that there was a feature, orientated north-west to south east in this area. The site visit indicated that there are few visible surface traces of this feature on the ground.

10.52 A site visit during an exercise to site two anenometer masts was carried out by RPS in 2006. One mast was positioned at NH 34941 68137, at the north end of a predominantly flat hilltop site, on the edge of a boggy area. A single linear bank feature, approximately 50m in length, 3m wide and 0.5m high was noted, running north to south At its closest the feature was located some 15-18m east of the mast foot. It remains unclear whether this was a natural or a man-made feature.

Table 10.6 Recorded Sites within the Boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm

HER number Site Name Site Type Importance/Sensitivity

MHG24408 Allt Coire Mhuilidh Shieling Settlement Local / Low

MHG42524 Allt Coire Mhuilidh Enclosure Local/Low

Sites within 1.5 kilometres of the Application Area

10.53 There are a number of recorded sites within 1.5 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed Wind Farm and associated access road(s).

10.54 There is one Scheduled Ancient Monument within 1.5 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed development area. This is Little Garve Bridge over River Black Water (SAM 2720).

10.55 There are no Listed Buildings, Gardens and Designed Landscapes or Conservation Areas within 1.5 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed Wind Farm. Table 10.7 below provides an indication of the sites within 1.5 kilometres of the red line boundary of the proposed Wind Farm and the associated access road(s).

Table 10.7 Recorded sites within 1.5 km of the Boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm and access roads

HER number Site Name Site Type

Importance/ Sensitivity

MHG7107 Little Garve Bridge Over River Black Water

Bridge SAM 2720 – NSR V

National - High

MHG21493 Corriemoillie Lodge (Site) House Local/Low

MHG21762 Corriemoillie Building Local/Low

MHG29869 Aultguish Bridge Bridge Abutment (RCHAMS)

Local/Low

MHG22083 Garve, Free Church Church Local/Low

MHG24410 Possible Shieling Hut,

Allt Abhagaith Shieling Hut (RCAHMS) Local/Low

MHG32502 Bridgefield House,

Little Garve Farmhouse Local/Low

MHG24403 Corriemoillie Township (RCAHMS) Local/Low

MHG24404 Gorstan Crofting Township (HC) Local/Low

MHG24430 Little Garve Farmstead Local/Low

MHG24898 Strathgarve Bridge Bridge Local/Low

MHG30613 Farm Barn, Little Garve Barn Local/Low

MHG35308 Contin To Poolewe

Military Road Military Road

Regional/Local

Medium/Low


Allt Abhagaith Wall Local/Low


Allt Abhagaith Enclosure Local/Low

MHG39947 Sheepfold, Little Garve Sheepfold Local/Low





MHG40957 Corriemoillie Head Dyke Local/Low

MHG48417 Strath Garve Farm Farmhouse, Farmstead Local/Low

MHG48418 Strath Garve Farm, Keeper's House And Kennels

House, Kennels Local/Low

MHG48419 Corriemoillie Farmstead, Farmhouse Local/Low

MHG48420 Torriegorrie Farmstead Local/Low

MHG52531 Probable Illicit Still, Glac Luachrach, Silver Bridge

Still Local/Low

10.56 Little Garve Bridge was delisted as a Category A Listed Building in 2007.

Sites between 1.5 and 3 kilometres of the Application Area

10.57 There are a number of recorded sites located between 1.5 and 3 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed development area (Figure 10.2). There are no Scheduled Ancient monuments, Listed Buildings, Gardens and Designed Landscapes or Conservation Areas between 1.5 and 3 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed Wind Farm. Table 10.8 below provides an indication of the sites located between 1.5 and 3 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed Wind Farm development area and within the ZTV. Non-Statutory Register (NSR) ‘R’ sites are considered to be of potential regional importance.

Table 10. 8 Recorded sites between 1.5 and 3 km of Proposed Wind Farm and within ZTV



MHG7550 Glascarnoch Dam Dam Local/Low

MHG8331 Feith Bhaite Enclosure (NSR) ‘R’

Regional/Medium

MHG21237 Lochluichart, Dam Dam Local/Low

MHG24539 Glascarnoch River Enclosure Local/Low

MHG36614 Lochluichart, Hydro Cottages House Local/Low

MHG36307 Loch Luichart,

Mossford Power Station Power Station Local/Low

MHG42967 Glascarnoch Dam Power Station Local/Low

MHG50726 Aultguish Inn Hotel Local/Low

Sites between 3 and 10 kilometres of the Application Area

10.58 There are a number of recorded sites located between 3 and 10 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed Wind Farm (Figure 10.3). There are no Category A Listed Buildings, Gardens and Designed Landscapes or Conservation Areas between 3 and 10 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed Wind Farm. Tables 10.9 and 10.10 below provide an indication of the Scheduled Ancient Monuments, non-Statutory Register (NSR) sites considered to be of potential national

importance and Category B and C(S) Listed Buildings located between 3 and 10 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed Wind Farm.

10.59 None of the cultural heritage features listed in Tables 10.11 and 10.12 below are located within the ZTV of the proposed Wind Farm.

Table 10.9 Nationally important sites between 3 and 10 km of the Proposed Wind Farm

HER Number Site Name Site Type Importance/ Sensitivity

MHG7777 Chapel, Etc

Achnaclerich Farm House, Chapel

NSR V

National - High

MHG7778 Achnaclerich Farm Farmstead NSR V

National - High

MHG14713 Possible Fort, Glenmarksie

Fort NSR V

National - High

Table 10.10 Category B and C (S) Listed Buildings within 3 and 10 km of the Proposed Wind Farm

Historic Building Number Site Name Importance/Sensitivity

1774 Lochluichart Parish Church, Burial Ground Category B Listed

Regional/Medium

1775 Lochluichart Parish Manse and Steading Category C(S) Listed

Local/Low

Gardens and Designed Landscapes

10.60 There are no Inventoried Gardens and Designed Landscapes within 10 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed Wind Farm development area. Table 10.11, below, indicates those Gardens and Designed Landscapes within 15 kilometres of the boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm development area so that a full picture of the position can be seen.

10.61 Of the Gardens and Designed Landscapes indicated below, Castle Leod lies outside the ZTV, while only a small portion of Scatwell is located within the ZTV

Table 10.11 Inventoried Gardens and Designed Landscapes within 15 km of the Proposed Wind Farm

Site Identification Number

Site Name Distance from

Site Boundary

332 Scatwell 10.5km SSE

92 Castle Leod 14.5km SE



Assessment of Effects

Potential Effects

Sites within the Application Area

10.62 The possible sheiling huts and enclosure (HER number MHG24408 and MHG 42524) sites are located on an area of relatively level ground on the north east bank of the river Alt Coire Mhuilidh in the south eastern part of the proposed Wind Farm development area at NGR NH 3489 6583. Aerial photography examined at the RCHAMS library indicated that there was a feature, orientated north west to south east in this area. The site visit indicated that there are few surviving visible surface traces of this feature, which may have been affected by the adjacent coniferous plantation.

10.63 The site is of local importance. The proposed Wind Farm would have a neutral impact and the significance of effect would be no change.

10.64 The single linear bank feature, located at NH 34941 68137approximately 50m in length, 3m wide and 0.5m high was noted, running north to south at its closest the feature was located some 15-18m east of the anemometer mast foot. It remains unclear whether this was a natural or a man-made feature.

10.65 The feature is of local importance. The Proposed Wind Farm development would have a neutral impact and the significance of effect would be no change.

10.66 There would be no direct or indirect impact on any other site within the application area.

Sites within 1.5 kilometres of the Application Area

10.67 There is one Scheduled Ancient Monument within 1.5 kilometres of the boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm development area. This is Little Garve Bridge over River Black Water (SAM2720), built around 1762 to carry the line of the military road from Contin to Poolewe (MHG35308). The SAM is of national importance and high value. The SAM lies outside the ZTV of the Proposed Windfarm, and there would be no visibility of the Proposed Wind Farm from the SAM itself. Principle views of the SAM are from close to the bridge, viewed from the north, south and south west (as evidenced by the RCAHMS photographic record of the SAM) and therefore not towards the Proposed Wind Farm to the north west. The Proposed Wind Farm would have no physical impact on the site or impact on its setting, and the impact on the SAM is assessed as being neutral. The effect of the Proposed Wind Farm on the SAM would be no change.

10.68 There are no Listed Buildings, Gardens and Designed Landscapes or Conservation Areas within 1.5 kilometres of the boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm area.

10.69 There are a number of sites recorded on the HER within 1.5 kilometres of the boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm area. The Proposed Wind Farm would have no physical impact on any of these sites and the impact on them is assessed as being neutral. The effect of the Proposed Wind Farm on the sites would be no change.

Sites between 1.5 and 3 kilometres of the Application Area

10.70 There are a number of recorded sites located between 1.5 and 3 kilometres of the boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm area. There are no Scheduled ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Gardens and Designed Landscapes or Conservation Areas between 1.5 and 3 kilometres of the boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm area.

10.71 The recorded sites are mostly of low value, although the enclosure at Feith Bhaite (HER number MHG8331) is of medium value. The Proposed Wind Farm would have no physical impact on any of these sites, nor impact on their settings, and the impact on them is assessed as being neutral. The effect of the Proposed Wind Farm on the sites would be no change.

Sites between 3 and 10 kilometres of the Application Area

10.72 There are a number of recorded sites located between 3 and 10 kilometres of the boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm area. There are no Category A listed Buildings, Gardens and Designed Landscapes or Conservation Areas between 3 and 10 kilometres of the boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm area. There are several Scheduled Ancient Monuments, nationally important sites and Category B and C listed Buildings located between 3 and 10 kilometres of the boundary of the Proposed Wind Farm area.

10.73 None of the Scheduled Ancient Monuments, nationally important sites and Grade B and C listed Buildings are located within the ZTV. The Proposed Wind Farm would have no physical impact on any of these sites, nor any impact on their settings, and the impact on them is assessed as being neutral. The effect of the proposed Wind Farm on the sites would be no change.

Gardens and Designed Landscapes

10.74 There are no Inventoried Gardens and Designed Landscapes within 10 kilometres of the boundary of the proposed Wind Farm. There are two Inventoried Gardens and Designed Landscapes, Scatwell (Identification number 332) located some 10.5km south southeast of the proposed Wind Farm, and Castle Leod (Identification number 92) located some 14.5 kilometres south east of the proposed Wind Farm.

10.75 Castle Leod lies outside the ZTV, while only a small portion of Scatwell is located within the ZTV.

10.76 Scatwell is a largely 20th century designed landscape surrounding a mid 19th century house.

10.77 The Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes notes, in the section on location setting and extent, that Scatwell lies in the broad valley of Strathconon……..The lower slopes of the valley are afforested while the higher ground is heather moorland and is left for rough grazing…...Views out to the opposite sides of the valley can be gained throughout the garden. A more extensive view lies to the north-east beyond Torrachilty Wood. The Strathconon road passes the southern edge of the site. The flat valley setting prohibits views into the garden from the road but the lodges and ornamental conifers mark the presence of a designed landscape.

10.78 Only a small portion of Scatwell is located within the ZTV, which is a bare earth ZTV and this is at the eastern end of the designed landscape. The park is not open to the public and has not been visited during the field survey. On the basis of the available information, it is unlikely that there would be views to the proposed Wind Farm.

10.79 The designed landscape is of high value. The proposed Wind Farm would have no physical impact on any of these sites and no impact on its setting. The overall impact on the designed landscape is assessed as being neutral. The effect of the proposed Wind Farm on the designed landscape would be no change.

Cumulative Effects

10.80 No cumulative effects are predicted, as no direct or indirect impacts are predicted.



Mitigation

10.81 Mitigation measures for the proposed Wind Farm have been incorporated into the site design. The turbine layout has considered both direct and indirect impacts on cultural heritage features while the locations of access tracks, borrow pits, the construction compound etc. has given to consideration to the likely effect on below ground archaeology.

Residual Effects

10.82 Any direct effect on cultural heritage features would be permanent and non-reversible. No such effects are predicted.

10.83 Any effect on the settings of cultural heritage features would be temporary and reversible following the end of use and decommissioning of the proposed Wind Farm. No such effects are predicted.

Summary of Effects

Sites Within the Application Area

Table 10.12 Summary of key effects on Recorded Sites within Site Boundary

HER Number Site Name Site Type Value of Receptor Significance of effect

MHG24408 Allt Coire Mhuilidh Sheiling Settlement

Local No change

MHG42524 Allt Coire Mhuilidh Enclosure Local No change

Sites Outwith the Application Area

10.84 No direct effect or effect on the settings of cultural heritage features outwith the application area is predicted.

Proposed Monitoring

10.85 No monitoring is warranted or proposed.

Statement of Significance

10.86 All the proposed wind turbines have been located to avoid direct impacts on any above ground cultural heritage receptors or below ground archaeological features within the proposed Wind Farm development area.

10.87 No mitigation measures against direct impacts are necessary or proposed within the boundaries of the proposed Wind Farm development area.

10.88 Overall, following mitigation, which is incorporated into the site design, the effect of the proposed Wind Farm on cultural heritage features is not significant.

References

Anon. 2007 An Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes. Vol. I & II Historic Scotland

Historic Scotland (2009). Scottish Historic Environment Policy (SHEP).

HMSO (1979). Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act.

HMSO (1997). Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act.

IFA. (1999). Policy and guidance for archaeological desk-based assessment, Institute of Field Archaeologists.

Lambrick, G. 2008 Setting Standards: A Review, IFA Working Group on the Setting of Cultural Heritage Features.

Scottish Executive (2002). Planning Advice Note (PAN) 45, Renewable Energy Technologies.

Scottish Office (1994). Planning Advice Note 42, Archaeology (PAN 42)

Scottish Government (2008) Scottish Planning Policy 23 Planning and the Historic Environment

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Corriemoillie Wind FarmEnvironmental Statement

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Corriemoillie Wind FarmEnvironmental Statement

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