Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability Chapter 1 : APES Ms. Miller Chapter 1 :...
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Transcript of Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability Chapter 1 : APES Ms. Miller Chapter 1 :...
Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
Chapter 1 : APESMs. Miller
Chapter 1 : APESMs. Miller
Key ConceptsKey Concepts
Growth and SustainabilityGrowth and Sustainability
Resources and Resource UseResources and Resource Use
PollutionPollution
Causes of Environmental ProblemsCauses of Environmental Problems
Living More SustainablyLiving More Sustainably Ecology—biological science that studies the relationships between living organisms and their environment
Ecology—biological science that studies the relationships between living organisms and their environment
Environmental Science—interdisciplinary study that uses information from both physical sciences and social sciences to learn how the earth works
Sustainable Society—society that meets the basic resource needs of its people indefinitely without degrading or depleting the natural capital that supplies these resources
What Keeps Us Alive? CapitalWhat Keeps Us Alive? Capital
Solar
Natural
Solar
Natural
Fig. 1-2, p. 7
Population GrowthPopulation Growth
Doubling Time/Rule of 70:
70/ %growth rate=doubling time
Doubling Time/Rule of 70:
70/ %growth rate=doubling time
ExponentialGrowth
ExponentialGrowth
Fig. 1-4, p. 8
Fig. 1-1 p. 5
World PopulationWorld Population
Economic GrowthEconomic Growth Economic Growth—increase in the
capacity of a country to provide people with goods and services
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)—annual market value of all goods and services produced in a country
Economic Growth—increase in the capacity of a country to provide people with goods and services
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)—annual market value of all goods and services produced in a country
Per Capita GNP—GDP divided by total population at midyear
Per Capita GNP—GDP divided by total population at midyear
Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development
Developed Countries—high average per capita GDP and highly industrialized (United States, Canada, Japan, Australia New Zealand and countries of Europe)
Developed Countries—high average per capita GDP and highly industrialized (United States, Canada, Japan, Australia New Zealand and countries of Europe)
Developing Countries—low average per capita GDP and/or not highly industrialized (most in Africa, Asia, and Latin America)
Developing Countries—low average per capita GDP and/or not highly industrialized (most in Africa, Asia, and Latin America)
GlobalizationGlobalization
Globalization—process of social, economic, and environmental global changes that lead to an increasingly interconnected world
Social—increasing exchange of people and modern communications and human mobility
Economic—increases in international trade
Environmental Effects—decentralized network allows for sustainability on a global scale
Globalization—process of social, economic, and environmental global changes that lead to an increasingly interconnected world
Social—increasing exchange of people and modern communications and human mobility
Economic—increases in international trade
Environmental Effects—decentralized network allows for sustainability on a global scale
ResourcesResources
Perpetual(continuously renewed)
Perpetual(continuously renewed)
Renewable(replenished rapidly; Hoursseveral
decades)
Renewable(replenished rapidly; Hoursseveral
decades)Non-renewable(exist in a fixed quantity)
Non-renewable(exist in a fixed quantity)
Fig. 1-6 p. 9Fig. 1-6 p. 9
Renewable ResourcesRenewable Resources
Sustainable Yield—highest rate a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing supply
Sustainable Yield—highest rate a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing supply
Environmental Degradation—exceeding a renewable resource’s natural replacement rate
Environmental Degradation—exceeding a renewable resource’s natural replacement rate
Tragedy of the Commons—(Garett Hardin)—explanation of environmental degradation that if “I” do not use the resource, “Someone else will”
Tragedy of the Commons—(Garett Hardin)—explanation of environmental degradation that if “I” do not use the resource, “Someone else will”
Ecological FootprintEcological Footprint
Fig. 1-7 p. 10Fig. 1-7 p. 10
Per capita ecological footprint is the amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply each person with renewable resources to use and to absorb or dispose of wastes
Non-Renewable ResourcesNon-Renewable ResourcesEnergy Resources (coal, oil, natural gas)Energy Resources (coal, oil, natural gas)
Metallic Resources (iron, copper, aluminum)Metallic Resources (iron, copper, aluminum)Non-Metallic
Resources (salt, clay, sand)
Non-MetallicResources
(salt, clay, sand)
Reuse (use again in the same form)
Reuse (use again in the same form)
Recycle (process of turning waste into new product
Recycle (process of turning waste into new product
Economic DepletionFig. 1-8 p. 11
Dealing With PollutionDealing With Pollution
Prevention (Input Control)—reduces or eliminates production of pollutants
Prevention (Input Control)—reduces or eliminates production of pollutants
Cleanup (Output Control)—cleaning up or diluting pollutants after they have been produced
Cleanup (Output Control)—cleaning up or diluting pollutants after they have been produced
Environmental and Resource ProblemsEnvironmental and Resource Problems
Major Problems(See Fig. 1-10 p. 13)
Major Problems(See Fig. 1-10 p. 13)
Five Root CausesFive Root Causes
Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact
Fig. 1-13 p. 15
Environmental InteractionsEnvironmental Interactions
Fig. 1-14 p. 15
Environmental WorldviewsEnvironmental Worldviews PlanetaryManagement/Cornucopianism/
Resourcism (some consumer’s belief)
1) We are most important species and thus in charge of nature2) We will not run out of resources because of our ability to develop
and find new ones3) Potential for global economic growth is essentially unlimited4) Success depends upon how we manage earth (mainly for our
benefit)
PlanetaryManagement/Cornucopianism/Resourcism (some consumer’s belief)
1) We are most important species and thus in charge of nature2) We will not run out of resources because of our ability to develop
and find new ones3) Potential for global economic growth is essentially unlimited4) Success depends upon how we manage earth (mainly for our
benefit)
Stewardship Worldview (another perspective)
1) We are the most important species and must care for other species
2) We will probably not run out of resources but do not waste them3) We should encourage environmentally beneficial forms of
economic growth and discourage harmful forms 4) Our success depends on how well we can manage earth’s life
support for our benefit as well as for the rest of nature
Environmental Wisdom Worldview1) Nature exists for all species, not just for us and we are not
in charge of the earth
2) Earth’s resources are limited, should not be wasted, and are not all for us
3) We should encourage earth-sustaining forms of economic growth
What is Our Greatest Environmental Problem?What is Our Greatest Environmental Problem?
Disease Overpopulation Water Shortages Climate Changes Biodiversity Loss Poverty Malnutrition
Disease Overpopulation Water Shortages Climate Changes Biodiversity Loss Poverty Malnutrition
SolutionsSolutions
Current Emphasis (Reactive)
Sustainability Emphasis (Proactive)
Current Emphasis (Reactive)
Sustainability Emphasis (Proactive)
Fig. 1-16, p. 18