Environmental pollution (Microbiology)
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Transcript of Environmental pollution (Microbiology)
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STANDARDS & PROCEDURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
Presented by : Mubbshir QureshiPresented to : Dr. ALLAHNAWAZ KHAN
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outlineStandardsMajor pollutants and their effectsParameters for measurement
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AQI: Air Quality Index
Indicates whether pollutant levels in air may cause health concerns.
Ranges from 0 (least concern) to 500 (greatest concern)
More than 60 countries are using this
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AQI calculator
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5-major pollutants and their dangerous effects
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Carbon Monoxide
Colorless, odorlessProduced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuelsPresent in car exhaustDeprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision
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Sulfur Dioxide
Produced when coal and fuel oil are burned
Present in power plant exhaust
Narrows the airway, causing wheezing and shortness of breath, especially in those with asthma
Sulfur Dioxide
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Nitrogen Dioxide
Reddish, brown gasProduced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmospherePresent in car exhaust and power plantsAffects lungs and causes wheezing; increases chance of respiratory infection
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Particulate Matter
Particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere
Present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.
Pan build up in respiratory system
Aggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection
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Ground Level Ozone
At upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s harmful UV rays
At ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants
Formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust
Irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs
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Parameters for measuring air
pollution
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Parameters for measuring air pollution
Area of measurementMeasurement time period(1 year, at least 6 months)Measurement height(1.5 to 4 meters above ground)Necessary certainty of measurement results(High)
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Parameters for measuring air pollution
Duration of each measurement(1/2 hour for gaseous pollutants,24 hours for suspended dust, 1 month for dust precipitation)Measured object(Air pollution emitted from the planned facility)Costs(Depend on measurement area and objectives)
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Measurement procedures of
environmental pollution
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Measurement procedures for inorganic gases
SO2:- Conductometry reaction of SO2 with H2O2 in dilute H2SO4; measurement of increased conductivityNO/NO2:- Chemiluminescence; reaction of NO with O3 to NO2; detection of chemiluminescence radiation with photomultiplier
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Measurement procedures for inorganic gases
Ozone:-Chemiluminescence; reaction of O3 with ethene to formaldehyde; detection of chemiluminescence radiation with photomultiplierCO:-Non-dispersive infrared absorption; measurement of IR absorption with specific detector
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photomultiplier tube
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photomultiplier tube
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