Environmental NGOs and the state in China: Conflict and Cooperation
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Transcript of Environmental NGOs and the state in China: Conflict and Cooperation
ENGOs and the State in China中国:环境非政府组织,政府
Conflict and Cooperation
Source: Landezine. Available: http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2010/12/a-cepf-campaign-by-jwt-agency/ [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Environmentalism v. Communism I(In)Compatible?
Source: Author.
Source: Digitális Irodalmi Akadémia. Available: http://dia.pool.pim.hu/html/muvek/MOLDOVA/
moldova00072/moldova00073e/moldova00073e.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Environmentalism v. Communism IICollision Course?
Magyar Népköztársaság
Source: Think About It. Available: http://water.thinkaboutit.eu/think5/post/dam_on_danube_and_the_end_of_communism/ [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Environmentalism v. Communism IIICollision Course?
Deutsche Demokratische Republik
Source: Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Available: http://www.hdg.de/lemo/objekte/pict/NeueHerausforderungen_zeitschriftArc
heNova/index.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Source: Jugend Opposition in der DDR. Available: http://www.jugendopposition.de/index.php?id=201 [Accessed
06/03/2011].Source: Deutscher Naturschutztag. Available: http://www.deutscher-naturschutztag.de/fileadmin/DNT/
documents/Vortraege/Beleiters_DNT2010.pdf [Accessed
06/03/2011].
Environment in Mao’s China IIndustrialization
蒸蒸日上
Source: Chinese Posters. Available: http://www.chineseposters.net/posters/e13-43.php [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Environment in Mao’s China IIFarmland愚公移山
Source: Shapiro, J. (2001). Mao's war against nature: politics and the environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Environment in Mao’s China IIILand Reclamation
围湖造田
Source: Shapiro, J. (2001). Mao's war against nature: politics and the environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Environment in Mao’s China IVRailways
与天斗,其乐无穷
Source: Shapiro, J. (2001). Mao's war against nature: politics and the environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Environment in Mao’s China VDams
高峡出平湖
Source: Shapiro, J. (2001). Mao's war against nature: politics and the environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press.
Source: Confucius Online. Available: http://www.confuciusonline.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-o-matic/cache/92006_20101205sanmenxia1.jpg [Accessed
06/03/2011].
Source: Jiang, H. (2008). Grassland campaigns during the collective era: socialist politics and local strategies in Uxin Ju. China's embedded activism: opportunities and constraints of a social movement. P. Ho and R. L. Edmonds. London, Routledge: 89-110.
Source: Chinese Posters. Available: http://www.chineseposters.net/themes/four-
pests.php [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Environment in Mao’s China VICampaigns人定胜天
Environment in Present-Day China IAir Quality
Source: Google Data. Available: http://www.google.com/publicdata [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Environment in Present-Day China IIClean Water
Source: The Boston Globe. Available: http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/09/scenes_from_china.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Environment in Present-Day China IIIDeforestation
Source: The Boston Globe. Available: http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/09/scenes_from_china.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Environment in Present-Day China IVDesertification
Source: The Boston Globe. Available: http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/09/scenes_from_china.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Source: National Geographic. Available: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/24972519.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Environment in Present-Day China VEndangered Species
Source: China Hush. Available: http://www.chinahush.com/2009/10/21/amazing-pictures-pollution-in-china/ [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Environment in Present-Day China VISoil Contamination
Source: Brettell, A. (2008). Channeling Dissent: The Institutionalization of Environmental Complaint Resolution. China's embedded activism: opportunities and constraints of a social movement. P. Ho and R. L. Edmonds. London, Routledge: 114,119.
ENGOs in China IPublic Response, Media, Internet, Fertile Ground (?)
信访
ENGOs in China IIHistory, Numbers, Activities & “Female Mildness”
温柔
Source: Time. Available: http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/
0,28804,1924149_1924155_1924436,00.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].
“We guide the public instead of blaming them and help the government instead of complaining about it. This, perhaps, is the “female mildness” referred to by the media. I don’t appreciate extremist methods . I ’m engaged in environmental protection and don’t want to use it for political aims. This is my way, and my principle too.”
Liao Xiaoyi (廖晓义)
Global Village of Beijing (北京地球村环境文化中心)
ENGOs in China IIILeaders & “Organizational Entrepreneurs”
Liang Congjie(梁从诫)
Source: The Guardian. Available: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/nov/15/liang-congjie-obituary [Accessed 06/03/2011].
ENGOs in China IVInternational ENGOs & Transnationalism
Source: China Smack. Available: http://advertising.chinasmack.com/2010/greenpeace-plants-disposable-chopstick-forest-in-china.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].
ENGOs in China VThe State, Regulatory Framework & “Embeddedness”
“For an NGO to supervise the government it is necessary that it can see what the government is doing. At present, Chinese NGOs can only see the result of policies, they cannot see the process of policy-making ... they do not see much more than the common people. Does an NGO understand what it must do to influence policies? ... If you cannot survive because you get into conflict with the government, what use does that have? China’s political system is different from the West. China has a one-party rule, and the development of NGOs and civil society is closely related to that.”
Zhang Tianzhu, Tsinghua University Co-drafter of the 10th National Environmental Five-Year Plan
NGOs in China VIThe State, GONGOs & “Blurred Divides”
政府组织的非政府组织
Source: Wu, F. (2003). "Environmental GONGO Autonomy: Unintended Consequences of State Strategies in China." The Good Society 12(1): 38.
Source: Landezine. Available: http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2010/12/a-cepf-campaign-by-jwt-agency/ [Accessed 06/03/2011].
Conclusion INegative Outlook...
Conclusion II... or Positive Outlook?
Source: Author.
Thank You!谢谢!
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China's embedded activism: opportunities and constraints of a social movement. P. Ho and R. L. Edmonds. London, Routledge: 111-150.
Carter, N. and A. P. J. Mol (2007). China's Environmental Governance in Transition. Environmental governance in China. N. Carter and A. P. J. Mol. London, Routledge: 1-22.
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Dyer, G. (2008). "China pressure groups learn to tread carefully." The Financial Times Retrieved 24/02/2011, from http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/626e2fd0-5744-11dd-916c-000077b07658.html.
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Lu, Y. (2007). "The autonomy of Chinese NGOs: A new perspective." China: An International Journal 5(2): 173-203.
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Martens, S. (2007). Public Participation with Chinese Characteristics: Citizen Consumers in China's Environmental Management. Environmental governance in China. N. Carter and A. P. J. Mol. London, Routledge: 63-84.
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