Environmental Modeling Basic GIS Functions for Suitability Index Modeling
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Transcript of Environmental Modeling Basic GIS Functions for Suitability Index Modeling
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Environmental Modeling Environmental Modeling
Basic GIS Functions forBasic GIS Functions forSuitability Index ModelingSuitability Index Modeling
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GIS Functions for Suitability IndexGIS Functions for Suitability Index
► Overlay and bufferOverlay and buffer
► The fundamental difference between GIS The fundamental difference between GIS and other computer mappingand other computer mapping
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VectorVectorRasterRaster
courtesy: Mary Ruvane, http://ils.unc.edu/courtesy: Mary Ruvane, http://ils.unc.edu/
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3. Overlay3. Overlay ► Union, Intersect, and IdentityUnion, Intersect, and Identity
► Clip, Erase, and UpdateClip, Erase, and Update
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Logic OverlayLogic Overlay
► Finding areas where certain conditions occurFinding areas where certain conditions occur
► Boolean logicBoolean logic
Mary Ruvane, UNC –Chapel HillMary Ruvane, UNC –Chapel Hill
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INPUT Feature UNION
Feature# ATTRIBUTE #
ATTRIBUTE1 0 1 02 A 2 1023 B 3 1034 C5 D
OUT INPUT Feature UNION Feature# # ATTRIBUTE # ATT1 1 0 1 02 1 0 2 1023 2 A 14 2 A 2 1025 3 B 2 1026 3 B 17 2 A 3 1038 3 B 3 1039 4 C 3 10310 5 D 3 10311 4 C 112 4 C 2 10213 5 D 2 10214 5 D 115 1 2 102
UnionUnion
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Intersect and IdentityIntersect and Identity ► Intersect Intersect
► IdentityIdentity
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ClipClip
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EraseErase
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UpdateUpdate
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OUT Pop Elev PopRank PopWeight PopW*R EleRank EleWeight EleW*R Sum# # ATT # ATT 1 1 12 2 E 2 1003 3 V 2 1004 2 E 3 1505 3 V 3 1506 4 G 3 1507 5 S 3 1508 4 G 2 1009 5 S 2 100
IntersectIntersect
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Cell StatisticsCell Statistics
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4. Approximation4. Approximation ► Buffer and Buffer RegionBuffer and Buffer Region► Near and Point DistanceNear and Point Distance
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Buffer and Buffer RegionBuffer and Buffer Region
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NearNear
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Point DistancePoint Distance
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NodepointNodepoint
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GRID Functions - Spatial GRID Functions - Spatial AnalystAnalyst
Distance, Density, Surface Analysis, Distance, Density, Surface Analysis,
Cell Statistics, Neighborhood Cell Statistics, Neighborhood Statistics, Zonal Statistics Statistics, Zonal Statistics
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AllocationAllocation
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Straight Line DistanceStraight Line Distance
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Cost Weighted DistanceCost Weighted Distance
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Friction SurfaceFriction Surface
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Cumulative Travel CostCumulative Travel Cost
Friction Surface Data Layer
Start Point Data Layer
Cumulative Travel Time Data Layer
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Cumulative Travel Cost ContoursCumulative Travel Cost Contours
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Cost Weighted DistanceCost Weighted Distance
DEMDEM Friction Friction surfacesurface
Cost weighted distanceCost weighted distanceS. Fritz and S. Carver GIS/EM4 2000S. Fritz and S. Carver GIS/EM4 2000
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Athens
Sounion
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Least-Cost Analysis: Path 1
Path 1 with topography (above) and archaeologically-known sites (left).The background (left) is the cost layer—the darker color = higher costDistance: about 69 km (42 mi)
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Viewshed analysisViewshed analysis
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Shortest PathShortest Path
http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.3/index.cfm?TopicName=An_overview_of_Spatial_Analyst
ArcGIS online help
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Point Point DensityDensity
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Contour Contour
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Slope and AspectSlope and Aspect
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Hillshade and ViewshedHillshade and Viewshed
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ViewshedViewshed
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View Shed AnalysisView Shed Analysis
► Highways and Highways and towers clipped to towers clipped to study area.study area.
► DEM converted to DEM converted to grid in ArcToolbox grid in ArcToolbox and a TIN was and a TIN was constructed with constructed with 3D Analyst. 3D Analyst.
► Cell towers and Cell towers and highways overlaid highways overlaid in 3D visualization in 3D visualization in ArcScene.in ArcScene.
► Viewshed Viewshed performed from cell performed from cell tower location and tower location and overlaid on TIN.overlaid on TIN.
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Suitability AnalysisSuitability Analysis
► Elevation, Slope, Elevation, Slope, Proximity to Road Proximity to Road were variables were variables chosen.chosen.
► Grids were Grids were created based on created based on these variables these variables and reclassified.and reclassified.
► Combined Combined through raster through raster calculations in calculations in Spatial Analyst to Spatial Analyst to compute a final compute a final suitability suitability analysis.analysis.
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Viewshed AnalysisViewshed Analysis
► 3 scenic lookouts3 scenic lookouts► Field verify – may be natural Field verify – may be natural
or man made elements or man made elements obstructing viewobstructing view
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ViewshedViewshed
A. Toy, SUNY BUffalo
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3-D Draping3-D Draping
► Superimposed with other thematic layersSuperimposed with other thematic layers
Bowling Green
Z=10
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Crime MappingCrime Mapping
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Cut/FillCut/Fill
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Cave modelingCave modeling
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Cell StatisticsCell Statistics
Calculate stats for multiple layers
Majority, Minority, Maximum, Minimum, Mean, Medium, Range, Standard deviation, Sum, Variety
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Majority
Minimum
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Mean
Median
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Sum
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Neighborhood StatisticsNeighborhood Statistics
3 4 5 0 1
6 8 3 1 5
3 4 0 2 1
3 8 0 5 1
6 7 5
5 7 5
8 8 6
8 7 8
Richness Interspersion
Moving windows
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Neighborhood StatisticsNeighborhood Statistics
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Zonal StatisticsZonal Statistics
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Zonal StatisticsZonal Statistics
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Cell StatisticsCell Statistics
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Markus Erhard et al. GIS/EM4 2000Markus Erhard et al. GIS/EM4 2000