ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING and HEALTH RISK...
Transcript of ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING and HEALTH RISK...
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ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING and HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS
Instructor : Dr. Mustafa M. AralCEE, Georgia Institute of Tech., [email protected]://mesl.ce.gatech.edu/
Text Book: Mustafa M. AralEnvironmental Modeling and Health Risk Analysis (ACTS/RISK);
Published by: Springer PublishersISBN 978-90-481-8607-5; 2010; 470 pp.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING and HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS
Sponsored by: TUBITAK
Organized by: Dr. Orhan GündüzCEE, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
Location: Dokuz Eylül University, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Turkey
December, 2011
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Purpose and Outcome:
� The purpose of this course is to introduce the student to definitions, concepts and analytical methods used in the analysis of the behavior of Hazardous Substances in the Environment (ACTS).
� The course will also cover evaluation of potential harmful effects of these hazardous substances on Human Health (RISK).
� For this purpose flow, transport and fate processes in multimedia environments will be discussed followed by exposure and health risk assessment, uncertainty analysis and management.
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Purpose and Outcome:Important modules that will be covered throughout the course include:
� Introductory material
� Conservation principles.
� Modeling principles.
� Multimedia / Multi-pathway environmental models (ACTS).
� Air Pathway
� Groundwater Pathway
� Surface Water Pathway
� Principles of Health Risk Assessment.
� Hazardous substance management and Health Risk (RISK).
� Other reference material.
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Details on Computer Knowledge:
� WINDOWS™ operating system
� Installing software on your computers
� Copying and deleting files from a hard drive
� Creating a folder for files on a hard drive
� Copying files from a CD to a hard drive
� Selecting a printer from available printers and printing to that printer from a software application
� And many other standard WINDOWS™ based operations
� Using Excel and being able to import export data to Excel
� A very important issue in software installation and use for Turkish users: “Where should be the decimal point…”.
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ACTS & RISK Software:
� Visit the site and download the ACTS & RISK software:
http://mesl.ce.gatech.edu/Share/SHARE/acts/acts.htm
And start working with it to get familiar with the menu options. Probably you will use this software the rest of your engineering career as it is being used by many engineers and health scientists in the health risk analysis field.
You need to also subscribe to the user group to receive upgrade information in the future (do not use your gt e-mail address):
https://lists.gatech.edu/sympa/info/acts
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Earlier Approaches:
� We thought Economy is the driver;
� We thought Environment is the driver;
� Environmental resources is to be exploited;
� At risk is the ENVIRONMENT or the ECONOMY;
� Human Health is considered to be important but was not emphasized.
Evolution of Environmental Management Paradigms
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Evolution of Environmental Management Paradigms
Frontier Economics
Radical Environmentalism
Resource Managementor Resource Allocation
Selective Environmentalism
Sustainable Environmental Management
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Environmental Laws in USA
Cumulative ENV Laws in USA
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1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Year
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f Law
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US Environmental Laws1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act FFDCA
1947 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act FIFRA
1948 Federal Water Pollution Control Act (also known as the Clean Water Act) CWA
1955 Clean Air Act CAA
1965 Shoreline Erosion Protection Act SEPA
1965 Solid Waste Disposal Act SWDA
1970 National Environmental Policy Act NEPA
1970 Pollution Prevention Packaging Act PPPA
1970 Resource Recovery Act RRA
1970 The Occupational Safety and Health Act OSHA
1971 Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act LBPPPA
1972 Coastal Zone Management Act CZMA
1972 Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act MPRSA
1972 Ocean Dumping Act ODA
1973 Endangered Species Act ESA
1974 Safe Drinking Water Act SDWA
1974 Shoreline Erosion Control Demonstration Act SECDA
1975 Hazardous Materials Transportation Act HMTA
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US Environmental Laws1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCRA
1976 Toxic Substances Control Act TSCA
1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act SMCRA
1978 Uranium Mill-Tailings Radiation Control Act UMTRCA
1980 Asbestos School Hazard Detection and Control Act ASHDCA
1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CERCLA
1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act NWPA
1984 Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act ASHAA
1986 Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act AHERA
1986 Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act EPCRA
1988 Indoor Radon Abatement Act IRAA
1988 Lead Contamination Control Act LCCA
1988 Medical Waste Tracking Act MWTA
1988 Ocean Dumping Ban Act ODBA
1988 Shore Protection Act SPA
1990 National Environmental Education Act NEEA
1990 The Oil Pollution Act OPA
1990 The Pollution Prevention Act PPA
1996 Food Quality Protection Act FQPA
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Premise:
All human interventions to natural environments, our demand for built environments and natural or forced disasters sooner or later will be associated with health issues.
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Evolution of Environmental Management Paradigms
Sustainable Environmental Management
Environmental Management forSustainable Populations
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� In this approach economic incentives and environmental constraints have to be considered harmoniously, with the main emphasis placed on protection and preservation of….
Human Health and Sustainability of Populations.
Environmental Management for Sustainable Populations
Appendix : 1 & 2 READ
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Environmental Management for Sustainable Populations
� Social sciences;
� Public policy;
� Health sciences;
� Basic sciences; and,
� Env. Engineering.
Specialization fields that are involved:Specialization fields that are involved:
Definitions:
� Difficulty:This information comes from the participation of several
disciplines (medicine, engineering, toxicology, epidemiology, statistics, mathematics etc. etc.) Thus the language used in this discipline gets rather complicated. One has the become familiar with this language.
Read Appendices 1 & 2.
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� More barriers need to be broken;
� New rules need to be established; and,
� A common language is needed.
Environmental Management for Sustainable Populations
To establish this working environment:To establish this working environment:
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Problem Areas:
� Our present information database is not adequate to fully incorporate environmental health concepts into environmental practices;
� The relation between hazardous environmental exposures and their effect on various physiologies are not well understood;
� In most cases historical environmental data on hazardous materials and data on hazardous waste management practices are not well known or documented appropriately; and,
� Health effect consequences of environmental management decisions have not been fully characterized and evaluated.
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� How do we integrate?
Most important problem:
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Venues:
� Education and training;
� Collaborative research; and,
� Knowledge dissemination.
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Technical Journal is another approach
Editor-in-Chief:M. M. Aral
Co-Editor:Andrew A. Meharg
Env. Exposure Characterization:
This should be also an integrated study
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TEC: Total Exposure Characterization
TEC: Total Exposure Characterization
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Surface
Water
Atmosphere
Sediments
Volatilization
Deposition
Fluxes
Volatilization
Deposition
Fluxes
Fluxes
Fluxes
Fluxes
Advection, Dispersion, Dillution,
Transformation, Reaction,
Convection
Advection, Diffusion, Dillution,
Reaction, Transformation
Advection, Diffusion, Dillution, Reaction,
Convection, Transformation, Retardation
Advection, Diffusion, Dillution, Reaction,
Convection, Transformation, Retardation
Groundwater
Fluxes
Suspension
Sedimentation
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Environment and Exposure Routes:
Environmental Analysis
Exposure / Risk Analysis
Health Effects Analysis
Definitions:
� Environmental Health Science:Is the study of principles governing chemical, biological
and physical processes by which hazardous substances (biologic, chemical and energy) in the environment influences the human health.
Environmental health science also includes the study of science based methods by which an environment may be affected to bring about the best state of health in a population.
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Definitions:
� Environmental Health Risk Analysis:Environmental Risk Analysis is the study of possible risk
factors associated with an environmental situation in which a person may be brought into contact with a particular contaminant.
Environmental health risk analysis produces a listing of potential health consequences; possibility of their occurrence; the severity level of each occurrence; the variability expected in the reported levels; and, the degree of confidence in reported outcomes.
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Exposure Risk Assessment
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Environmental Health Management
Environmental Health Management System?
� An Environmental Health Management System is a system that addresses the needs of a broad range of organizations and populations and allows them to evaluate, manage, and improve the environmental impact of their operations to help
preserve health and safety of populations.
Definitions:
To understand the language read Appendices 1 & 2.
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to be continued…
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