Environmental Management System - EMAS - Cluster Approach - Michele preziosi UniRomaTre
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Transcript of Environmental Management System - EMAS - Cluster Approach - Michele preziosi UniRomaTre
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMS)���
Cluster Approach Dott. Michele Preziosi
PHD Candidate University RomaTre – Business Department Technology for Sustainable Innovation and Production
November 2013
SUMMARY THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND TOOLS
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ISO 14001 STANDARD
EMAS REGULATION
EMAS CLUSTER APPROACH
SURVEY ON EMAS IN ITALIAN CLUSTERS
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
• Interdependent relationship between economy and natural system
• From the 60s evidence of the correlation between economic development and degradation of environmental conditions
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ���limits of growth
• 1972 Limits of Growth: Evidence precarious balance of the environmental system due to human activity. Rapid approach to global ecological limits (carrying capacity)
• 2004 last edition of the Report: continues condition of unsustainable economic system
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ���main consequences
Climate Change Pollution Waste Desertification and Water Biodiversity Resouces
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ���ecologic footprint
Country ecologic footprint 2008*!
Global footprint evolution 1961-2008* "
*Living Planet Report 2012
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ���international community
• 1972 Conference on the Human Environment
• 1987 Report Bruntdland
• 1992 Rio Conference
• 1997 Kyoto Protocol
• 2002 Johannesburg Conference
• 2012 Earth Summit Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
Market failure "
Negative externalities "
Environmental policies "
Max social benefit Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ���Command and Control
• 60s and 70s
• Imposition of sandard in the presence of sanction mechanisms
• Logic and authoritative imposition
• Acts of planning, imposition of limits to emissions, technical regulations, permission of discharges, fines, etc..
• Mechanisms rigid and often inefficient
• Rigid constraints discourage the market introduction of new products or the use of the most advanced production techniques, penalizing investments
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ���Market-based tools
• 80s and 90s
• Market-oriented, flexible, long-term perspective
• Stimulate spontaneous investment on environment
• Taxes, incentives, subsidies, emissions trading schemes (e.g. Kyoto)
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ENVIRONMENAL POLICIES ���Voluntary tools
• 90s • Public opinion pressure - Legislative pressure – Consumer
awareness "
• Multiple stakeholders with not only economic instances "
• Integration of environmental protection in the decision-making processes
" • Synergistic connection between competitiveness and sustainability !Green Economy
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
THE FIRMS AND ENVIRONMENT
Opportunistic approach
• They take input (resources)
• Emit Output (emissions and waste)
" Negative externalities on
society are not considered
Reactive approach
• Environmental Legislation
• Increased stakeholder pressures
" Respect legal
constraints to avoid sanctions
Proactive Approach
Globalization of markets
Need for competitive differentiation
" Strategic environment
variable and dissemination voluntary
instruments Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMS)
“The part of the overall management system that includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities,
practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and
maintaining the environmental policy”*
* ISO 14001:2004
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMS���Goals
1. Identify, analyze and prevent environmental impacts
2. Improvement of environmental performance 3. Interaction with stakeholders
" Sustainability of the processes
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMS Principles:���Deming Cycle
• Structure • Responsability • Training • Communication
• Monitoring • Measure • Registration • Audit
• Environmental Policy • Objectives and targets
• Management Review • Continuos
Improvement
ACT Stabilize or correct and
restart the cycle of intervention
PLAN Design and
Project
DO Act and
Implement
CHECK Control
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMS���PDCA to EMS
Environmental Review! environmental aspects
Environmental Policy ! objectives
Planning ! actions - modality
Implementation ! action plan
Evaluation ! evaluate objectives and targets
Review! Management - feedback for improvement Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMS ���Benefits
Costs Reduction
• Production • Sanctions • Insurance • Credit
Risk Minimization
• Accidents • Legal Liability
Legal Compliance
• Mandatory regulation
• Public Authority
• Controls
Stakeholder Relationship
• Internal • External
Competitive Advantages
• Authorization • Management
efficiency • GPP • Company
value
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
British Standard Institution
• BS 7750:1992 • BS 7750:1994
ISO 14001
• ISO 14001:1996
• ISO 14001:2004
EMAS
• EC Reg. 1836/1993
• EC Reg. 716/2001
• EC Reg. 1221/2009
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ISO 14.001���Features
International Organization for Standardization – 1947 – Geneva Uruguay Round – GATT – 1986/94 ISO 14.000 family, standard for environmental management All kind of organizations PDCA methodology Voluntary partecipation System standard – No specific environmental targets ACCREDIA Italy: 8.827 certified organizations – 2013*
* ACCREDIA Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ISO 14.001���Phases
Environmental Review
Environmental Policy
Planning
Implementation
Monitoring, Measuring and
Audit
Management Review Act
Plan
Check
Do Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EC & ENVIRONMENT • 1957 Treaty of Rome EEC: harmonization rules for the free circulation of
goods • 1972 First Environmental Action Programme • 70s: Guidelines for disposal of waste oils (n.439/75) and waste disposal (n.
442/75) • 1986 Single European Act: • Art.130R “principles that preventive action should be taken, that
environmental damage should as a priority be rectified at source, and that the polluter should pay. Environmental protection requirements shall be a component of the Community’s other policies”
• Art.130 T Principle of "greater environmental protection", “Art.130R shall not prevent any Member State from maintaining or introducing more stringent protective measures compatible with this Treaty.”
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EC & ENVIRONMENT • 1992 Maastricht Treaty • Art.2 "a sustainable and non-inflationary growth respecting
the environment" • Art.2 "a balanced development, sustainable and
harmonious ... a high level of environmental protection and improvement of the quality"
• 2000 Nice Declaration • Art.37 "high level of environmental protection and the
improvement of its quality must be integrated into the policies of the Union and ensured in accordance with the principle of sustainable development" Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EC & ENVIRONMENT ���Environmental Action Plans (EAP)
• Addressing the Community environmental action. Seven years duration, direct the policies and priorities of the European action for the environment.
• Into force "Living well within the limits of our planet” • In the fifth "Towards Sustainability" (1992-99) with C&C
instruments also “informative” environmental policy instruments as the European EMS: the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
" Self-regulation - shared responsibility - voluntary
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
ECO MANAGEMENT AND ���AUDIT SCHEME (EMAS)
EC Reg.1836/1993 – EMAS I
• Reference to "production sites"
• Manufacturing industry
• Direct environmental aspects
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS
EC Reg. 761/2001 – EMAS II
• EC Regulation 761/2001 - EMAS II
• Reference to the whole "organization" • Extending applicability scheme to all sectors
• Employee participation • Incentives and involvement of SMEs
• Account indirect environmental effects
• Integration with ISO 14001 • Guidelines
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS
EC Reg.1221/2009 – EMAS III
• Cumulative registration: "Corporate" - "Global"
• Environmental performance Key Indicators
• Renewal 4 years for SMEs, updates every 2 years
• Assistance of the Member States in clusters (art.37)
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Phases to Registration
1. Environmental Review 2. Environmental Policy 3. Planning 4. Implementation and operation 5. Audit 6. Management Review 7. Environmental Statement Registration Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Environmental Review
• Identification of the applicable legal requirements relating to the environment
• Identification of all direct and indirect environmental aspects with a significant impact on the environment
• Description of the criteria for assessing the significance of the environmental impact
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Environmental Policy
• Declaration of intent, defines general orientation and principles of action.
• Defined by Top Management • Continuous performance improvement • Principle of prevention • Regulatory Compliance • Tool for internal and external communication • Available to the public
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Planning
1. Environmental aspects: identify the environmental aspects of its activities and significance
2. Legal requirements: identify and have access to the applicable legal requirements and their application to environmental aspects
3. Objectives – Targets - Programmes • Objective: “overall environmental goal” • Target: “detailed performance requirement” • Programmes: “measures, responsibilities and means”
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Implementation and operation
1. Resources, roles, responsibility and authority 2. Competence, training and awareness 3. Communication 4. Documentation 5. Control of documents 6. Operational control 7. Emergency preparedness and response
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Check
1. Monitoring and measurement 2. Evaluation of compliance 3. Non-conformity, corrective action and
preventive action 4. Control of records 5. Internal audit (first party)
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Management Review
• Top management • Review of: - Internal Audit - Received Communications - Env. Performances - Meet of objectives & targets - Status of corrective and
preventive actions - Follow-up actions from
previous management reviews - recommendations for
improvement
• Improvement actions
• Possible changes • Rearrangement of
resources ê
Continuous improvement
!
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Environmental Statement
• Tool for a transparent communication with the public on the commitments made, progress and outcomes
• Mandatory • External image enhancement • Valid for three years and annually updated
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Environmental Statement
Contains: • Organization description • Environmental Policy and EMS • Direct and Indirect environmental aspects • Objects and Targets • Data • Legal requirements
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Registration
1. Analysis of Accredited Environmental Verifier 2. Send inquiry to ISPRA 3. Inquiry outcome to the Competent Body 4. Success: registration number assignment registration and EMAS certificate
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS vs ISO 14001 ISO 14001 EMAS
Competent Authority ISO European Union
Type of regulation International standard European Regulation
Environmental performance No Key Indicators Environmental analysis according to key indicators
Suppliers and contractors Relevant procedures communication Request influence on their behavior
Compliance with regulatory requirements
Only a commitment to comply with the law
Demonstration of compliance required
Accessibility to the public Environmental Policy Mandatory Environmental Statement
Employees involvement Not required Key EMS element
Results System based on a standard Objective verification of performance improvement
Registration Private Accreditation Body Public Authority
Logo Non provided Supplied Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���diffusion
Fonte: European Union, Isprambiente
Italy !#31-12-2012
$European Union 30-6-2013
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
EMAS ���Italy
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
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24%
Small 34%
Medium 19%
Large 23%
Distribution for economic activities Type of organizations
Application ���of EMAS Scheme ���
in Clusters Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
European SMEs
SMEs are responsible for:
- 72% environmental impact
- 41% of GHGs
- 76% hazardous waste
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Clusters in Europe Country Clusters Total percentaque*
Germany 269 19.5%
Italy 158 11.4% Spain 104 7.5%
French 103 7.5%
Poland 97 7%
Romania 75 5.4%
Cech Republic 61 4.4%
UK 58 4.2%
Hungary 40 2.9%
Austria 34 2.5%
European Union 2. 516 91,3 % Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013 *Italian Clusters Observatory
EMAS – Cluster Approach • Role of private and public institutions • Facilities for SMEs in defined geographical areas
Reg. EC 761/2001 art.11
• Common registration for SMEs • Synergic cooperation between SMEs of the same area Decision 681/2001
• Facilities in the phase of audit of SMEs • Simplification in evaluating the significance of the
environmental aspects of SMEs
Recommendation 680/2001
• Common environmental performance indicators for SMEs Reccommendation 532/2003
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Italian Clusters Cluster: “groupings of independent undertakings — innovative start-ups, small, medium and large undertakings as well as research organizations — operating in a particular sector and region and designed to stimulate innovative activity by promoting intensive interactions, sharing of facilities and exchange of knowledge and expertise and by contributing effectively to technology transfer, networking and information dissemination among the undertakings in the cluster”*
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Type Total % Total % on employees
Micro (<10) 94,6% 46%
Small (10-49) 4,7% 21,5%
Medium (50-249) 0,5% 12,5%
Large (>249) 0.08% 20%
Italian firms composition:**
86%
12%
2%
Company type in districts:**
Micro Small Medium/Large
* Eu Commission, 2008 ** District Observatory, 2013
Italian Clusters
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Districts in Italy* - 156 industrial districts - 25,4% employed (5 million) - 39,3% manufacturing
employment
** District Observatory, 2013 - *** ISTAT, 2001
Economic trends in Italian Districts** - 28,1% added value in
manufacturing sector - 25,6% total export - 6,9% Italian economy added
value
Firsts Italian experiences 1999 Productive pool Bayer Filago
- Intersocietary Environmental Committee - Common Environmental Programme
" “Extended industrial site”: aggregate of industrial sites involved
2001 Paper District of Capannori
- Cluster Promoter Committee - Common Environmental Programme
" Over 20 registered organizations
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Art 37 Reg. EC 1221/2009 – EMAS III “Member States shall encourage local authorities to provide, in participation with
industrial associations, chambers of commerce and other concerned parties, specific assistance to clusters of organizations to meet the requirements for
registration […]” “systems established pursuant shall operate with the objective of avoiding
unnecessary costs for participants, in particular for small organizations”
EMAS III – Cluster Approach
ê • Cluster approach
• Local stakeholders involvement • Support to small companies
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable
Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Italian EMAS Competent Body Position
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Shared sustainable development strategy by identifying a Cluster Managing Committee
EMAS Cluster Certificate
Composition Functions Requirements • Public bodies – local
authorities • Private bodies –
Chamber of Commerce, Business Associations
• Improving environmental performance of the cluster
• Diffusion and promotion of EMAS
• Common Environmental Policy / Programme
• Cluster environmental core indicators
• Internal and external communication
Managing Committee Of Clusters
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Survey on the application of EMAS ���
in Italian Industrial Clusters
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
1. HPA of Ravenna (2006) 2. Furniture cluster of Livenza (2006)
3. Tanning cluster of Vicenza area (2007) 4. Paper cluster of Capannori (2008) 5. Tanning cluster of Solofra (2009)
6. Touristic system of the Polesine area (2009) 7. Tuscany tanning cluster (2010)
8. Paper cluster of the Frosinone province (2011) 9. Chemical-pharmaceutical district of Latina (2012)
10. Clothing district of Empoli (2012) 11. Footwear district of Lucca (2012)
12. Textile district of Prato (2012)
Italian Clusters With EMAS Certificate
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Goals ! verify the effectiveness of the actions taken by the Cluster Managing Committees in order to:
• Improve cluster environmental performance • Improve relationship with local stakeholders • Diffuse EMAS registration in cluster organizations • Improve the awareness on EMAS Cluster certificate
Methodology " • qualitative survey • multiple choice questions • Districts: 9 • Recipients: 5 categories of local stakeholders
Research Goals And Methodology
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Category Managing Committee
EMAS Organizations
ISO 14001 Organizations
Municipalities Chambers of Commerce
Population 9 35 67 67 9
Respondents 89% 66% 54% 30% 78%
Sections
- Organizations participation
- Operative modalities - Role of Committees
- EMAS Assessment - Role of Committee
-EMS evaluation -Role of Committee
- Investments for sustainability - Role of Committee
- Investments for sustainability - Role of Committee
Survey: Stakeholder Categories
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Improvements obtained with the EMAS Certificate Local stakeholders involvement 4,38
Cluster Environmental Performance 4,25
Organizations environmental awareness 3,50
Increase of EMAS – registered organizations 2,88
Bureaucratic/administrative simplifications 2,63
Ability of the district to attract investments 2,50
Average value 3,35
Critical evaluation
New EMAS Registrations 4,63
Funding supply for organizations 4,57
Support in terms of human resources 4,14
Sharing of operative tools 3,57
Communication with organizations 3,00
Communication with Stakeholders 3,00
Average value 3,82
1 = not important - 6 = very important
Survey: Managing Committees
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Environmental performances
Cluster Image
Economic Support
Network Creation
EMAS Cluster Certificate Awareness
Survey: Managing Committee Tasks
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Improvement of Clusters image
Mean value
Chambers of Commerce 4,43
EMAS Organizations 4,30
Municipalities 4,28
ISO 14001 Organizations 3,67
Overall mean 4,17
1 = not important - 6 = very important
Improvement of Clusters environmental performances
Mean value
Municipalities 4,11
EMAS Organizations 4,05
Chambers of Commerce 3,57
ISO 14001 Organizations 3,00
Overall mean 3,68
Survey: District Improvements
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Financial support for EMAS registration
Mean value
Chambers of Commerce 3,57
ISO 14001 Organizations 3,10
Municipalities 2,94
EMAS Organizations 2,10
Overall mean 2,90
1 = not important - 6 = very important
Creation of a network among Clusters organizations
Mean value
Chambers of Commerce 3,86
EMAS Organizations 3,10
Municipalities 3,06
ISO 14001 Organizations 2,94
Overall mean 3,24
Survey: Critical Aspects
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
Companies awareness of EMAS Cluster Certificate:
• EMAS Organizations ! 72,72%
• ISO 14001 Organizations ! 50%
Survey: Companies Awareness
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
• Image
• Environmental
performances
• Increase EMAS
registrations
• Network creation
• Awareness
Environmental improvements Capannori Paper district NOx Ton. emissions 2000-2007 1820-1522 Photovoltaic plants 2009-2011 50-245 Separate collection of waste 2007-2011 +8%
Research Findings
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013
• The EMAS Certificate as strategy to overcome the economic crisis
• The EMAS Certificate as a tool to improve relationships with local community in industrial clusters
• European funding opportunity
Future Outlook
Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013