Environmental Management Practices in A

Super Thermal Power Plant

By: Debasis Ray

Roll No. 13480RG003

Outline

Power Scenario in India; Why Thermal Power Plants?

NTPC: Power Giant of India

NTPC Super Thermal Power Plant, Kaniha

Brief Working Of A Thermal Power Plant

Environmental Degradation Due to Thermal Power Plants

Environmental Management Practices in NTPC STPP Kaniha

Case Study: Zero Discharge Overview

Conclusion

Thermal Power Plants

Coal To Steam Power

• Crushing, Classification and Separation of Coal

• Burning of coal to produce heat.

• Heating the water to superheated steam

Steam To Mechanical Power

• Passing of superheated steam through High Pressure Turbines.

• Recirculation of Steam through multiple blade

• Rotation of turbine shaft

Switching and Transmission

• Generator Produces Electricity

• Sent to the Step Up Generator

• Transmission of elctricity to National Grid

Converts the energy content of an Energy Carrier(fuel) into

either electricity or heat.

Power Scenario in India; Why Thermal

Power Plants?

Challenges for India:

• Meeting Growing

Demand

• Ensuring Security of

Primary Energy Supply

• Minimizing

Environmental Impacts

• Complying with Climate

Change Needs

Features Of Electric

Generation in India:

• Total installed

Capacity(as on

31.03.2014)=284,634MW

• Thermal Power Plants

account 70.25%

(199,947MW)

• Coal Reserve Estimated

to be 301.05 billion tons.

• Indian Coal Mainly

Lignite type- low calorific

value and high ash

content(~30%-40%)

• 85% Village considered to

have electricity

• 57% rural household and

12%urban household-

don’t have electricity !

NTPC: Power Giant of India

• National Thermal Power Corporation- largest thermal power plant in

India

• “Government Company” Under the Companies Act 1956

incorporated in 1975

• Total Installed Capacity = 45548 MW

• 18 Coal Based, 7 Gas Based(own) and 6 Coal Based + 1 Gas Based

JVs/subsidiaries

• Generated 26% of India’s Power Generation with an installed

Capacity of around 18% of Nation’s Total Installed Capacity (for the

fiscal area 2013-2014)

• 18 Stations have been certified with ISO 14001 Certification

• CENPEEP- Centre for Power Efficiency and Environmental Problem

NTPC Super Thermal Power Plant,

Kaniha• Located in Anugul Division, Odisha.

• NTPC’s 10th Project and Eastern

India’s

3rd Project.

• Largest in Odisha State.

• PLF of 95.02% as in 2013-2014

(Highest

Amongst all NTPC Projects. )

• Foundation Stone Laid by Late PM

Shri. Rajiv Gandhi in 1989

• 1st Unit synchronised in 1995

• Fully Operational and Dedicated to

Nation in 2006 by Dr. Manmohan Singh.Approved Capacity 3000MW (6x500 MW)

Installed Capacity Stage I: 1000MW ;Stage II : 2000MW

Location Anugul , Odisha

Coal Source Talcher Coal Fields (Lingaraj Area)

Water Source Samal Barrage Reservoir (~120CUSECS)

Beneficiary State Odisha, Sikkim, Bihar, West Bengal,

Jharkhand.

Total Land Require 3890 Acres

Source: http://anugul.nic.in/

ntpc.html

Environmental Problems:-

Air Pollution

•Sources: Stack, Coal Handling and Ash Disposal.

•Dependent on Factor

•Fuel Type

•Type and Design Of Combustion Unit

•Operating practices and Emission Control Measures.

Water Pollution and Ground Water Degradation

• Ash Handling Water

• Material Storage Runoff

• Deminerailizers

• Ash Pond Leachates

Land Degradation and Soil Pollution

• Resettlement & Rehabilitation

• Ash Pond

• Coal Extraction

• Ash Deposition

Noise Pollution

• Turbine Generators

• Coal Pulverisers

• Merry Go Round Trains

Thermal Pollution

•Heated Water when left untreated and sent to Rivers Cause Thermal Pollution

•Reduces DO and other vital parameters

•Damages plant and organisms

Menace Of Fly Ash And Thermal

Pollution

Environmental Effects◦ Air Pollution

◦ Water Pollution

◦ Heavy Metals Pollution in Ground Water

◦ Severe Chronic Diseases to Human

◦ Severe Land Degradation

Environmental Friendly Steps

Taken at NTPC Kaniha

Coal Settling

PitEffluent Treatment

Plant

Sewage Treatment Plant Online Ambient Air Quality

Measurement

10 MW Solar Plant

• Online Effluent

Treatment Plant

• Ash Water

Recirculation System

• Rainwater

Harvestment

Structure

Case Study: Zero Discharge

Plant

CHP Cntrl Room

ASH SLURRY

PH

CT# 6B

CONSTRN.STORE

ICH/H2PLANT/Admn Bldg H Block

St II HFO Oil Return cooler

HFO Unloading track drain

PT/DM Plant

Service Bldg/St I GT Bay

CHP Drains

ETP O/F

CSP

Main CSP

O/F

St I C ROW

UNIT 3&4 C ROW

U#5, 6 C ROW

Switchyard Drains

PGCIL SYRD

St I CW O/F

TUBE WELL HOTEL

ROAD

ST II COMP/ REGNRTN

ETP

ST-II TG

HALL

ST-I TG

HALL BOUNDARY

Drain-I

To

Tikira

Drain-II II To Tikira

Drain-III III To

Tikira

Drain-IV To

Tikira

ETP

CHP Cntrl Cntrl Room

AS

PH-I

I

CONSTRN.STORE ICH/H2PLANT/Admn Bldg H Block

St II HFO Return cooler

HFO Unloading track drain

PT/DM Plant

Service Bldg/St I GT Bay

ETP O/F

ST-I TG

HALL L

AWPH-II II

ESPs

TO CSP

Blocked

at

Vishnu

Murthy

Drain III to

Tikira

TO CSP

TRACK HOPPER

TTS WATER SUPPLY

4 no. Temp. canteens

C ROW

Conclusion

Thermal Power Plants a Necessity for

Developing India

Environmental Policy and Measure a

Must.

NTPC role in Environmental

Management System is exemplery

Non Conventional Energy is Good

Alternative