Environmental Impacts of MAC in Region with High Ambient Temperature

April 20th, 2015United Nations Conference Center

Pradit Mahasaksiri

DENSO International Asia Co., Ltd.(DIAT)

This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. 　 Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.

2/121. Car Sales and Average Temperature in ASEAN Region

MYANMARAverage Temp.:27.4℃

LAOSAverage Temp.:28℃

VIET NAMAverage Temp.:28℃

THAILANDAverage Temp.:28.4℃

CAMBOGIAAverage Temp.:27.7℃

MALAYSIAAverage Temp.:27℃

BRUNEI DARUSSALAMAverage Temp.:28℃

INDONESIAAverage Temp.:28.4℃

PHILIPPINESAverage Temp.:26.5℃

SINGAPOREAverage Temp.:27.4℃

(Thousand) Car sales in ASEAN Region

Ave. Temp.=27.6C

Tokyo 16.1C

D.C. 14.5C

L.A. 17.2C

London 11.0C

Rome 11.8C

Beijing 12.1C

ASEAN region has particularly increased the number of car sales.We think that ASEAN region has a big environmental impact of MAC because of high temperature.

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3/12

2. Estimate MAC Fuel Consumption and Refrigerant Impact

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4/122-1. Estimate MAC CO2 Emission in Thailand

CO2 emission per one car (kgCO2/yr)

Overall CO2 emission comparison

280kgCO2

2268kgCO2(8.1 times)

Japan

Thailand

868kgCO2(3.1 times)

Ambient temp. ：16→28.4℃(3.1 times* ）

Mileage ：10575→27500km/yr(2.6 times)

16.64 millionton-CO2

14.22 million ton-CO2

(0.85 times)

Japan ThailandVehicle UIO* in 2012 Japan : 59.42 millions Thailand : 6.27 millions　　　　　 (11% of Japan)

MAC CO2 emission in Thailand is about 85% of Japan and will exceed soon considering market growth in the future.

10.7%(Japan)

27.1%(Tailand)

Ratio of MAC CO2 emission

*UIO: Unit in operation

*CO2 emission increase based on tempature rise.

This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. 　 Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.

5/122-2. Estimate MAC CO2 Emission in Indonesia

CO2 emission in Indonesia is the same as Japan and will largely exceed soon considering market growth in the future.

280kgCO21616kgCO2(5.7 times)

Japan 868kgCO2(3.1 times)

Mileage ：10575→19574km/yr(1.9 times)

IndonesiaAmbient temp ：16→28.4℃(3.1 times*)

CO2 emission per car (kgCO2/yr)

Overall CO2 emission comparison

16.64 million CO2-ton

Japan16.96 million

CO2-ton

Almost same

Indonesia

Vehicle UIO in 2012 Japan : 59.42 millions Indonesia : 10.494 millions (17.6% of Japan)

10.7%(Japan)

25.0%(Tailand)

Ratio of MAC CO2 emission

*CO2 emission increase based on tempature rise.

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6/123. JAMA Field Survey (2004-2005) : Refrigerant Leakage

Survey result shows that 6C temp. rise leads to 6g/yr leakage.Leakage should increase more and more in ASEAN region with average temp. 28 C.

JAMA ： Japan Automobile Manufacturers Associate

Region; Tokyo and Nagoya （88vehicles）, average temp: 16C

02468101214

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Leakage (g/yr)

veh

icle

nu

mbe

rs

Average leakage: 10.2g/y

Region: Tokyo and Nagoya city (88 vehicles), Average temp. 16C

Region: Okinawa (27 vehicles), average temp.22C

0

1

2

3

4

5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Leakage (g/yr)

Veh

icle

num

bers

Average leakage: 16.0g/y

Region: Okinawa city (27 vehicles) Average temp. 22C

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7/12

4. Refrigerant Management and Car Air-conditioner Repair in ASEAN Region

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8/124-1. ASEAN Environment and Car Usage

　① Ambient temp. is high all year around 　② MAC annual operating hour is longer 　 　③ Annual average mileage of passenger car is longer ④ PM pollution concentration is higher

① Average Ambient Temperature Comparison ② MAC Annual operating hours [Hr]

④ PM pollution concentration [μg/m3]

PM: Particulate Matter

③ Passenger Car Annual Average mileage [km]

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9/124-2. MAC Impact under ASEAN Environment and Car Usage

Increase of in-use refrigerant leakage

Periodic maintenance is required

Clog of AC filter quicklyDecrease of Heat exchanger performance by dust

Increase of repair demand

Refrigerant recovery recycle machine

Genuine refrigerant management and appropriate repair are required.

②Longer MAC operating hours

①Higher average ambient temperature

④ Higher pollution concentration

③Longer annual mileage

Refrigerant charge is required

Refrigerant recovery is required to exchange parts.

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10/12

1. Refrigerant being discharged directly to atmosphere - Expansion of refrigerant recovery/recycle machine is not enough.

　　 - Impact of discharging refrigerant to atmosphere is not recognized well.

Refrigerant is discharged to atmosphere and imitated parts are used in some AC service/repair shops and general garages.

4-3. Actual Situation at AC Service/Repair Shop

Refrigerant is discharged to atmosphere without recovery machine

2. Unapproved refrigerant being charged - Circulate unapproved refrigerant - Unable to judge genuine refrigerant

3. Imitated parts being distributed　 - Low price, but low quality.

Performance decrease and system malfunction

Performance decrease/ Early malfunction

Global warming impact HFC-134aCRC-12

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11/12Proposal

High ambient temperature countries would have a great environment impact of MAC. 　

Switching to Low-GWP refrigerant appropriate for high temperature region would be expected in the long term.

However until switching to Low-GWP refrigerant, followings are our concerns and what we should work on in the short term. For this reason, field survey to ascertain the fact and actual situation shall be performed.

1.High refrigerant leakage (ex. Leak tight connection or hoses etc.)2.High fuel consumption (ex. High efficient compressor or HXs etc.)3.Insufficient refrigerant recovery (ex. Expand recovery machine) 4.Insufficient AC servicing (ex. Lead proper service)

This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. 　 Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.

12/12

Thank You for Your attention!