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Environmental Impacts of Coastal Environmental Impacts of Coastal Land Use DecisionsLand Use Decisions
•• Estuarine and Estuarine and marine ecosystemsmarine ecosystems
•• Coastal CulturesCoastal Cultures
•• Water QualityWater Quality
Susan ShipmanSusan Shipman
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~ 400,000 Acres of ~ 400,000 Acres of SaltmarshSaltmarsh
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What Value Are These Marshes???
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More wetlands, More wetlands, more seafoodmore seafood
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Endangered/Threatened SpeciesEndangered/Threatened SpeciesPiping PloverLoggerhead Sea Turtle
Northern Right Whale
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Rich Natural HeritageRich Natural Heritage
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Sensitive Natural CommunitiesSensitive Natural Communities
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Rapid Population GrowthRapid Population Growth
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Coastal Georgia PopulationCoastal Georgia Population
50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300% 350% 400%
Effingham
Bryan
Chatham
Liberty
McIntosh
Glynn
Camden
Region
1980-2000 inc.2000-2010 inc.2000-2030 inc.
Coastal Growth TrendsCoastal Growth Trends
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Land Consumption/SprawlLand Consumption/Sprawl
Source: Pew Oceans CommissionSource: Pew Oceans Commission
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Coastal Georgia Growth TrendsCoastal Georgia Growth Trends
• Paper company land conversions
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Development Pressures Development Pressures
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Waterfront Development:Waterfront Development:Marinas and Community DocksMarinas and Community Docks
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Georgia Growth / Coastal GrowthGeorgia Growth / Coastal Growth= Tremendous Water Demands= Tremendous Water Demands
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Importance of Freshwater Importance of Freshwater Inflow to EstuariesInflow to Estuaries
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Blue Crab FisheryBlue Crab FisheryBlue Crab Fishery
000222444666888
101010121212141414161616181818
3.23.22.72.7
2.02.01.91.9La
ndin
gs (M
illio
ns lb
s)La
ndin
gs (M
illio
ns lb
s)La
ndin
gs (M
illio
ns lb
s)
3.13.1
195519551955 196519651965 197519751975 198519851985 199519951995 200520052005
AnnualAnnualAnnual Avg (56-04)AvgAvg (56(56--04)04) Avg (20 Yr)AvgAvg (20 Yr)(20 Yr) Avg (10 Yr)AvgAvg (10 Yr)(10 Yr)
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• Elevated salinities during the 5-year drought• Hematodinium sp.• Recruitment failure• Increased predation
• Elevated salinities during the 5-year drought• Hematodinium sp.• Recruitment failure• Increased predation
Impacts:Impacts:
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Implications of Implications of Sea Level Rise?Sea Level Rise?
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Seafood Industry InfrastructureSeafood Industry Infrastructure
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Expanding Recreational Expanding Recreational FisheryFishery
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Public AccessPublic Access
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Changing DemographicsChanging Demographics
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Proliferation of DocksProliferation of Docks
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Georgia’s Marsh Dieback
Jerico RiverLiberty County
July 2003
Jerico RiverLiberty County
July 2003
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Workshop Consensus:Workshop Consensus:“Climate“Climate--induced, with drought as driving factor”induced, with drought as driving factor”
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Marsh Hammock Marsh Hammock DevelopmentDevelopment
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Urban & Suburban Sprawl =Urban & Suburban Sprawl =NonNon--point Source Pollutionpoint Source Pollution
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Development: Impervious CoverDevelopment: Impervious Cover
• Roads, rooftops, parking lots, hard surfaces
• Impedes natural pollutant processing
• Alters the rate, volume, and quality of freshwater and sediment inflows
• Source of non-point pollutants to coastal environments
Holland et al. 2004
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Development: Impervious coverDevelopment: Impervious cover
Holland et al. 2004
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Water Quality TrendsWater Quality Trends
NONO33
DONDON
POPO44
ChlChl aa
Verity 2000 a,b
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High tideLow tide
Surface DO
Bottom DO
What are the What are the causes (& causes (&
consequences) consequences) of declining of declining
oxygen oxygen concentrations?concentrations? Verity, Alber, and Bricker, submitted.
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Beach AdvisoriesBeach Advisories
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Low Impact Development PrinciplesLow Impact Development PrinciplesLow Impact Development Principles
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Georgia Coastal Georgia Coastal Management ProgramManagement Program
To balance economic development in To balance economic development in Georgia’s coastal zone with Georgia’s coastal zone with
preservation of natural, preservation of natural, environmental, historic, environmental, historic,
archaeological and recreational archaeological and recreational resources for the benefit of Georgia’s resources for the benefit of Georgia’s
present and future generations.present and future generations.
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Georgia Coastal Program | The Georgia Conservancy | Georgia Department of Community Affairs
Alternatives for Coastal Development:One Site, Three Scenarios
NOAA Coastal Services Center
How can coastal communities capitalize on the environmental assets that make them attractive places to live while maintaining a balance
between economics, environment, and local quality of life?
Conservation ApproachConventional Design New Urbanist Design
Alternative Development Scenarios
October 2003www.csc.noaa.gov
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Coastal Comprehensive Plan
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Draft Vision Statement for 2026Draft Vision Statement for 2026The vision of Coastal Georgia is to be a unique and cohesive region based upon innovation and excellence in all we do to preserve, nurture, enhance and develop our abundant human, natural, historic, cultural and economic resources.
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Questions???Questions???